US1805670A

US1805670A - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US1805670A
Application number: US404097A
Authority: US
Inventors: Miller Ralph
Original assignee: Ingersoll Rand Co
Current assignee: Ingersoll Rand Co
Priority date: 1929-11-01
Filing date: 1929-11-01
Publication date: 1931-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 1948-05-19

Description

y 19, 1931- I R. MILLER 4 0 79 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 1 Filed Nov. 1,1929

4 I N V EN TOR. 12 Ml u er.

" I? H 2715 ATTORNEY.

125 Figure l on the line 22 100 zl atented ha ta teat nNrrEnj STATES hddhtlh PATENT orrica RALPH-m or msron; rnimsynvmm, ASSIGNOB. T INGEBSOLL-RAND oomrsmz, or'JEnsEx GITY, NEW- .rnnsax, A oomom'rro r or new mnsnx INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed November 1, 1929. Serial no. 4am.-

, This invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to twostroke cycle engine-of the type inwhich the fuel charge is forcibly injected into the com- 55 bustion chamber and is ignited by the co pression created by the piston or pistons of the engine.

One object of the invention is .to obtain a maximum power yield from the fuel charge. Another object is to assure a condition of extreme turbulence within the combustion chamber during the fuel injection period so that the fuel may be thoroughly disintegrated and diffused in the combustion chamber. Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

In the drawings accompanying the following specification and forming a part thereof and in which similar reference characters as refer to similar parts,

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion of an engine having the invention applied thereto, and

Figure 2 is a transverse view taken throu h in the rection indicated by the arrows.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, A designates generally an internal combustion engine shown for simplicity of illusi) tration as having only one cylinder B wherein is disposed a-piston D to which is pivotally connected one end of a connecting rod E as by means of a wrist pin F. The opposite end of the connecting rod E may be operatively connected in any well known manner to a crank shaft G which may be suitably jour- B nalled in abed plate or base H which also acts as a support for the cylinder B.

The cylinder B is provided with a head J wherein is formed a combustion chamber K and an exhaust passage or passages L which lead from the combustion chamber to the atmosphere to convey the products of combustion from the combustion chamber. The exhaust. passages -L are controlled by the usual exhaust valves U which are disposed slidably in valve guides P in the head J. .The exhaust valves Q are provided with the usual sprin s Q, which act agt inst spring seats R secured to the stems of the valves 0 for closing the said valves.

Anyrsuitable means may be provided for unseating the exhaust valves 0 in timed relation with the movement of the piston D. The means illustrated for this purpose com prises a rocker arm S mounted pivotally on a bearing standard T carried by the head J and overlying the stems of the valves 0. Inc the portion of the rocker arm" S which over- 5 lies the stems of the valves 0 are disposed rollers U which are adapted tobe pressed against the valve stems for unseating the valves 0. Similarly in the opposite end of the rocker arm S is a cam roller V adapted to bear against a cam W carried by a cam shaft X and whereby the rocker arm S is oscillated for controlling the movement of the exhaust valves 0. I

The engine A is illustrated as being of the solid injection type and in order to introduce the fuel into the combustion chamber K in this form the head J is provided with apair of fuel injection or spray nozzles Y. Thespray nozzles are preferably disposed on opposite sides of the. combustion chamber K and are connected with a suitable source of fuel supply (not shown) through pipes Z. I Within the head J is a lateral wall 6 having converging surfaces c and d, the surface (1 being adjacent the end of the cylinder and the surface 0 forming a side for the combustion chamber K. A restricted opening 6 in the wall '5 affords communication between the combustion chamber K andthe cylinder e5 In accordance with the present invention, means are provided for introducing a jet or jets of pressure fluid, such as compressed air, into the cylinder both for expelling the prodnets of combustion from the cylinder and also to inject thereinto the air required to form'a suitable explosive mixture. To this end the cylinder is provided with a passage or passages f so located in the wall of the cylinder that they will be uncovered by the top of the piston as the piston nears bottom center of its stroke. j

The passages i open with their outer ends into an annular passage g 'vvhihh surrounds net In order to assure a whirling motion of the pressure fluid in the cylinder, the pas:

- sages f are preferably arranged tangentially in the wall of the cylinder B so that the pressure fluid will flow into the cylinder at an angle to the radii ofthe cylinder. In this way a whirling sheet or body of pressure fluid may be formed in the cylinder and which, by its whirling movement, will assure an adequate scavenging effect therein tovcomplete ly ex el the exhaust gases from the cylinder and rom the combustion chamber.

The operation ofthe' device is as follows: Let it be assumed that the piston D is moving downwardly on its power stroke. When the piston nears the lowermost limiting position in the cylinder and prior to the uncovering of the ports .7 the exhaust valves 0 will 'be opened and the exhaust gages will escape through the exhaust passages L and the pressure n the cylinder will drop before the piston uncovers the ports I. When the ports f are uncovered pressure fluid will flow into the cylinder and, whirlin upwardly, will rid the cylinder and the com ustion chamber of all exhaust gases by forcing such gas through the exhaust passages L. The piston 'D will 7 then continue downwardly to the lowermost limit ofits travel and shortly after reversal of the movement of the piston the cam shaft X will rotate into a position to permit the exhaustvalves O to close.

This 111 vement of the exhaust valves takes place while the ports 7 are still partly uncovered by the piston so,that the cylinder and the combustion chamber K may be fully charged with pressure fluid to a pressure substantially equal in value to that existing in the annular passage g.

' As the piston D roceeds on 1ts rising stroke, the pressure uid compressed thereby will continue its whirling motion and, in

passin from the cylinder into the combustion c amber, such. pressure fluid will be caused towhirl in decreasing spirals by the surface d and will then pass through the restricted opening into the combustion chamber. v

The pressure fluid will continue its Whllling motion through the restricted opening 8 and willfiow'tothe end wall of the combustion chamber K whereby its direction of flow is reversed so that it will flow outwardin all directions along the end wall of -l the combustion chamber and thence down and tumbling turbulence of the air in the combustion chamber at the time thespray nozzles act to inject the fuel into the coin bustion chamber.

'. the spray nozz es.

suring a homogeneous mixture of atomized fuel and air and consequently eflicient com- .bustion irrespective of external atmospheric conditions or the altitude at which the engine ma be operated.

y forcing the pressure fluid through the restricted opening in the manner described,

such pressure fluid will rise therethrough in the. form of a whirling or spiral column.

when the course of the pressure fluid is reversed by the end-wall of the combustion chamber a portion of the air will flow along the walls of the combustion chamber, and thus rearwardl' of the outlet opening of In this Wa the entire air charge will be put in motion and the A fuel charge will be completely distributed throughout a rapidly moving body of air and in consequence llttle if any fuel willbe deposited on the wall of the combustion chamber. I p

I claim:

1. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder and a head therefor, a combustion chamber in the head, means for injecting fuel from the sides to the center of the combustion chamber an exhaust valve for the combustion chamber, a passage in the wall of the cylinder to direct :pressure fluid into the cylinder along a line off-set from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder to cause a spiral motion of such presand a tumbling turbulence in the combustion chamber for diffusing the fuel injected from the sides of the chamber.

* 2. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder and a head 'thereforhaving a combustion chamber, a piston in the cylinder, a plurality of pressure fluid inlet passages in the wall of the cylinder arranged at an angle to the radii of thevcylinder and at a point to be imcovered by the piston as said piston nears its lowermost position, means for injecting fuel from the sides to the center ofthe combustion chamber, a lateral wall projecting from the head having a restricted opening between the combustion 5 chamber and the cylinder and through which the pressure fluid whirls Ill ecame in decreasing spirals and impinges against the end wall of the combustion chamber during the rising stroke of the piston to spread outwardl and reverse the course of the pressure flui thereby effecting both a-whirling and tumbling turbulence for; difiusing the fuel injected from the sides ofthe chamber, an exhaust valve in the combustion chamber, and means for opening the exhaust valve prior to the opening of the said passages and to close said exhaust valve during the admission of pressure fluid through the passages into the cylinder.

3, In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder and a head therefor having a combustion chamber, a piston in the cylinder, pressure fluid inlet passages in the wall of the c linder and adapted to be uncovered by the piston as said piston nears its lowermost positlon, said passages being arranged at an angle to the radii of the cylinder to effect a whirling motion of the pressure fluid flowing into the cylinder, means to inject fuel from the sides to the center of the combustion chamber, a lateral wall projecting from the head having a restricted opening between the cylinder and the combustion chamber and through which res.- sure fluid whirls against the end wall 0? the combustion chamber during the rising stroke of the piston to spread outwardl and reverse the course of the pressure fluid, thereby efiecting both a whirlin and a tumbling turbulence for difi'using the uel in'ected from the sides of the chamber, an incl lateral wall to direct ressure fluid in adually decreasing spire s'from the cylin or to the openin an exhaust valve in the combustion cham er, and means for opening the exhaust valve prior to the opening of the said passages and to close said exhaust valve prior to closing of said passages by the piston.

4. In a two cycle internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder and a head t erefor, a combustion chamber in the head, means for injectin fuel from the sides to the center of the com ustion chamber, an

exhaust valve in the combustion chamber, a

passage in the wall of the cylinder positioned at a point to be uncovered by the piston as said piston nears its lowermost position, and a lateral wall projecting from the head having a central restricted opening between the coinbustion chamber and the cylinder through which pressure fluid enters the combustion ined surface on the chamber for injecting fuel from the sides of the combustion chamber to the center thereof, an exhaust valve in the combustion chamber, a lateral wall projectin from the headbotween the cylinder and t e combustion chamber and having converging surfaces on both sides meetin at a central restricted opening,

pressure flui inlet passages in the wall of the cylinder arranged at an angleto the radii of t e cylinder and at a point to be uncovered by the piston as-said piston nears its lowermost position, said pressure fluid thereby being caused to whirl upwardly in the cylinder during the rising stroke of the piston against specification.

'RALPH MILLER.

chamber and impinges against the end wall 1 thereof to spread outwardly and reverse the course of the pressure fluid, thereby efiecting a tumbling turbulence in the combustion chamber for difiusing the fuel injected from the sides ofthe combustion chamber.

5. In a two cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of, a cylinder and a head therefor, a combustion chamber in the head, a plurality of nozzles in the combustion