US1803120A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

April 28, 1931. H, E MCCRAY 1,803,120

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Feb. 15l 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 r AMI! April 28, 1931. HE, MCCRAY 1,803,120

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Feb. 15,1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ufnm M S517 I @M am @Whig Patented Apr. 28, 1931 aires stares.

HAROLD n ivioc'nny, on WATERLOO, iowa, AssieNon. TozroHN DEERE TRACTOR coM- PATENT "orages, g

PANY; on Waarna-Loo,v IOWA IiiTEiiitAL-coivriitrsrioiv ENGINE 'y original application mod-February 15',v i923, serial no;` 619,081;

nividea and this application ined Aprii 27, i925; sonar no. 25,153.`

tiibuting throughout the crank case al lubricant, such as oil, containedttherein, and. for controlling the distribution 'of the oilso that all the parts requiring lubricationv will be amply supplied, but will not receive more than is required to keep them properly lubri- V cated. 1 accomplish ythis object as illustrated in the' drawings and as hereinafter described.

claims. Y v

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the foi-inl of internal combustion enginethat l have chosen for-the purpose of illustrating thepractical application of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinalvertical-section of the crank-'case and the cylinder Lblock and Y Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical-section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2, the-crank case coverbeing omitted; f

The engine illustrated in the drawings, comprises' a hollow base 4 inthe forni of a castingadapted to be bolted or otherwisesecured to a supporting plate 5, of ,Wood or other suitable material,'and to contain within it a fuel tank 6l which, as bestshown in Figs. 2and 3, occupies the greater portion of saidv base. rlhe fuel tank is in the 4fori'njofa pan or box of suitable dimensions to fit',y into the base 4, and is provided at its upper margins with an outwardly extending flanget which overlies Van inwardly projecting flange 8 on the uppermarginofthe base, thev arrangement being such that the fuel tank Vis supported so that itsbottoni is slightly above the plate 5'. A. cover plate9 lits over the fuel tank 6,- its marginalY portions-resting on the flange 7, as shown in Fig. 3,-and upon'the margins of this cover plate rest the marginal That I regard as new is set forth in theV` portions of a crank case l0 which is securely bolted to the' base 4 by boltsl 11. Bythis construction thecover plate 9-serves not only as the top .of the fuel tank 6, but also as the bottom of the crank case, and, as hereinafter pointed out, the crank case and cover plate are tightly fitted togetherso that the crank caseis adapted tocontain a quantity oflubricant, such as oil, without leakage. To provide for filling the fuel tank 6, the crank case 10 is providedat some convenient point, preferably at its outer` end, with a passage 12 whichleads to a filling opening 13 in the cover` plate 9,. as best shown in Fig.v 2.r Saidpas sage is adapted to be closed by a plug 14, or other suitable means. ln order to vprevent the escape of oil from the crank case into the passage 12 and opening 13,\and also to prevent" lleakage from the crank case, the4 passage 12 is formed in a boss 15 providedat the lower portion of the crank case and having portions that overli'e the marginal portion of the cover plate 9 around the opening 13 therein,

and a. gasket 16is placed around the lower margin of the crank case between it andthe cover plate, said gasket extending also around the opening 13, as best shown in F ig. 2. By this means when thefbolts 11 are drawn up tightly thev escape of 'oil from the crank case into the fuel tank is prevented. f Fuel is delivered from the fuel tank through va pipe 17.connectedwith the Vinner end of said tank at the bottoin'thereof, and having at its outer end a plug 1 8 by theremoval of which the tank may be emptied when desired. Leading trom thetpipe' 17 is a check valve'19, preferably of the balltype, with Vwhich connects a supply pipe 20 through :which fuel' is conducted to thelenginey cylinder.l As shown in Figs2, Vthe pipe 17 and check valve 19 are both-located within the base 4, saidV Vcheck valve beingpreferably in the form of an el'- bow@V casting, one end vof which extends through an opening' 2'1-in the base so that the pipe 2O maybe conveniently l connected there- `,witlrby a coupling 22. By this construction fuel tank within the base is advantageous,

not only because said tank is well protected, f

but also because space is economized. Furthermore, by mounting;` the crank case on a separable base, the base can easily be removed and changed for one of a diderent size, as might be necessary if it were des':ed to use iiy-,wheels of larger diameter than usual, and, moreover, a cra-nk case of standard design can be used with bases` of different heights. It may here be explained that this construction is not herein claimed, as it is not essential to the subject matter to which thepresent application is directed, and is included in the subject matter of a separate application, Serial No. 26,151 for patent filed of even date herewith, now Patentf1,727,016.

The crank case 1() constitutes also the main engine frame, since cast integralwith it is a cylinder block 23 and water hopper 24, as best shown in Fig. 2. As shown in said figure, the engine cylinder 25 extends horizontally through the lower portion of the wat-er hopper 24, but is separated therefrom laterally soY that the water in thehopper surrounds said cylinder. In the bottom of the cylinder block is an opening having a plug 26 through which the water in the hopper may bedrawn olf.

The crank case portion of the engine frame is provided with a removable cover 27 which is held in place preferably by bolts 28 at Aopposite sides thereof near the crank case end l of the engine, and by an intermediate bolt 29 which extendsdiagonally through a boss 30 inthe cover 27 into a boss 31 in the portion of the engine frame that forms the inner wall of the water hopper 24, asshown in Fig. 2.Y Gaskets placed between the cover 27 and the parts of the engine frame against which its margins abut make the closure between said parts oil tight. By removing the cover access may be had conveniently to the operating parts in the crank case, all of which are thereby fully exposed. n Y

Extending transversely of the crank case is a crank shaft 32, the crank portion of which is indicated at'33 and is best shown in Fig. 3. rlhe end portions of said Vcrank shaft are mounted in suitable bea-rings in the side walls of the crank case 10,'the lower bearing being shown at 34 and theupper bearing at 35 in Fig. 1. "As therein shown, the side walls ofthe crank case adjacent to these bearingsare cut` away and the lowery bearings are formed in depressed portions or; recesses in said side walls. -The upper bearings 35V are formed in removable blocks 36 which slide vertically into these recesses, with the side margins of which they engage closely enough to prevent theescape of oil from the crank ease.v Said blocks are secured in place by bolts 37, and as the walls of the crank case hold them against endwise movement,there is nol lateral strain on said Vand it is held in bolts. Adjacent to said recesses the side walls of the crank case are strengthened and widened by lateral flanges or extensions 38, as shown in Fig. l, so thatwide bearing surfaces are provided for the ends of the blocks 36 and they are strongly supported. The bearings 34, 35 are provided with the usual anti-friction linings 39, as shown in Fig. 1. By removing the cover 27 and blocks 36, the crankshaft may readily be removed when necessary.

As best shown in Fig. 2, 40 indicates the piston which operates in the cylinder 25, said piston being connected by a pitman 41 with the crank portion 33 of the crank shaft, which, as best shown in Fig. 3, is preferably provided with two flywheels 42, 43, one at each side of the engine. A magneto 44 is mounted on the crank case at one side thereof between the crank shaft and the water hopper,- as shown in Fig. 1, and below the posidescribed. 'The cover plate 46 is removable so that access may be had to said chamber, place by screws 47, best shown in Fig. 3. A Y

The. magneto 44 is driven from the crank shaft 32 by means of a train of gears inside the crank case and subject to lubrication by the lubricating means hereinafter described, said train Y of gears comprising a pinion Y 48 mounted on thel armature shaft`49 of the magneto, a gear 50 mounted on a transverse shaft 51 Ajournalled in one of the side walls 10L of the crank case, as shown in Fig. 3, and a pinion 52 mounted on the crank shaft 32, as shown in Fig. 2. It will be seen from the foregoing description that all the operating parts above described are located in, or are accessible from, the interior of the crank case, so that oil-contained in the crank case maybe distributed to them for their lubrication.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the lower portion of the crank case serves as an oil reservoir, oil being supplied thereto through a passage formed in a boss 53 that projects from the lower portion of the crank case at one side thereof and is normally closed by a plug 54. Said boss is best located so that it opens into the crank case at a point approximately midway of theV length'thereof and adjacent to thel oil hole through which oil is supplied to the pan hereinafter described. The advan tage-of this arrangement is that said passage forms aV safe gauge'as to the level of the oil in the crank case, even though the engine may have been s'et slightly out of a level lies position. In other words, owing to the. lo-

cation of said passage a fairl average indication of the oil in the crank case may be ob.- tained, whereas if it were located eitherin the front or the back portion of the lcrank case it might indicate an abundance of oil or an absence of oil, depending.' upon which end of the engine happenedkr to be lower;

Located within the crank case, and secured to the bottom thereof, is .a pan 55, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, which has a hole or perforation 56 in it a short distance above the bottom thereof for admitting oilY from the crank case to said pan, and at that sideof said pan adj an cent to the engine cylinder 25 it is provided with an upwardly7 projecting curved deflector 57, the purpose of which willv be hereinafter explained. arranged over'and rdipping into the pan 55 is acentrifugal governor 58 mounted on a transverse shaft 59 journaled inthe side wall l0a of the crank case. The governor 58 compris-es weighted levers 60 pivoted at 6l to diverging arms 62` that project from the inner end of the shaft 59, the levers being provided. with inwardly projecting arms 63 which project toward the axis ofthe shaft`59, as shown in Fig. 3. Obviously, as the governor rotates the weighted portions of the levers 60 tend to swing out, or awayfrom the shaft 59, and the outer ends of the rams 63 tend to move inwardly in substantial alinement with the axis of saidv shaft. This inward movement ofthe arins 63 is resisteolby a spring 64 mounted ona rod 65 which eX- tends axially through the shaft 59 and is provided with a head 66 which underlies the inner ends ofthe arms 63', as best shown 1 n F ig. 3. rfhe spring 64:. is` fitted in a recess/in .l

the inner end portion ofthe shaft 59,. and

the inner end of said spring bears against an abutment formed at the inner end of said recess. By this construction said spring tendsto hold the governor levers, 60 in their norma-lv or retracted position, but yields to permit them toswing outward under centrifugal action. The governor is so arranged with reference to the pan 55 that when it is rotated by the operationof theengine, as hereinafter described, thereby causing the levers 60 to swing outward', said levers dipl into the oil in said pan and consequently take up oil therefrom andv distribute itithroughout the crank case, thereby lubricating the oper ating partstherein, or accessible therefrom.

The governor 58 is rotated from the crank` shaft 33 ley-means ofthe gear 50 which meshes witha pinion 67 mounted' upon and rotating with the governorshaft 59,as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Consequently wheneverthe engine is in operation the governor is rotated and distribution of the oil occurs, the quantity of oil so distributed depending uponthe speed of the engine; Obviously when the engine operates at high speed: the governorwshaftv 59 rotates more; rapidly, andy the leversl 60.l are thrown out further, and dip furtherinto the oil' as the rspeed increases, and: accordingly take up, more oil fromthe pan 55than they Y would if the engine were runningfat slower speed. rlllie governor therefore constitutes a centrifugally variable rotary element which is capable of throwing more oil under increasedfspeeds, due to the fact that the throwing elements are caused to dip furtherinto'y Vthe oilk underconditions of increased speed.

By driving the rotary element from ythe crank Vshaft through speed lmultiplying gearing as j festlythe distribution of the oilis coordinated with the speed of the engi-ne soth'at proper lubrication is automatically .providedffon Theconnectionsby which the governorreguf lates the speed of ltheengine are more fully shown and 'described in myjpendingapplicatiomSerial No. 619,081, but I wish. it tobe understoodl that while. I prefer to use the arrangement forf thatpurpose shown insa-id application, any other suitable construction may be employed. Y s I* The improved arrangement described by which the oil'tobe distributed: is taken from lou the pan 55'ins't'ead ofd-irectly from the main body of oil in the crank case, also; contributes to t e regulationl of the-[distribution of theV oil, since the amount of oil accessible tothe governor is limited to kthat suppli'edto the pan through the hole 56:,'andthereforeif the governor takes away the oil` faster than the flow through said hole, the supplly inthe pan `will be depleted, thereby reducing the amount that is taken upfby thegovernor levers. ByY

this means the distribution of aneXcessive quantity of oil at `high engine-.speedsis pre,- vented. The pan 55 serves the "further purpose. of keeping out sediment which `may accumulate in the bottom of the'crankl case,V and Vthesides ofthe pan also serve as deflectors to direct the oilthroughout the-interior ofl 4 the crank case. vThe deflectorg'? is provided to prevent an excessive amount of .oil-from lbeing thrown, againstv the piston and into the cylinder, and toidirect the oil 4towardt and against the bearing of the pitman Zon. the

. crank shaft. In additionjto such deiiector'l prefer also tok providea shield` 68 in theform ofa plate which `extends transversely of the as; shown in Figg2. Said shieldis secured at its upper margin to aflange 69j that pro- `said application, Serial No. 619,081, filed Feb. 15, 1923, and it should be understood that any patentable subject-matter shown and described but not claimed in this application Ais included` in said application, Serial'No. 619,081, or in other divisional applications based thereon.

rWhat Ijclaim as my invention and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is

1. In a splash lubricating system, the combination of a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, an oil receptacle in said crank case, vand a rotary oil throwingelement adapted to dip into said receptacle, comprising Aan oil throwing member responsive to changes in centrifugal force. Y

2. In a splash lubricating system, the combination of a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, a receptacle therein adapted to rcontain said oil, and arrotary oil throwing element adapted to dip into said receptacle,

f comprising an oil throwing member responel l) fsive'to changes in'centrifugal force disposed over said receptacle and operating under conditions of increased speed to dip further into said receptacle. 3. In a splash lubricating system, the combination of a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, a receptacle in said crank case having a restricted oil supplying connection therewith for limiting-the amount ofV oilVV supplied to said receptacle, and afrotary oil throwing 'element adapted to dip into said receptacle comprising means caused .to dip further into said receptacle under conditions of increased speed. l 4

4. In an internal combustien'engine, the combination of a 'crank shaft, a receptacle adapted to contain lubricating oil, and means for controlling the speed of the crank shaft and distributing the lubricating oil comprising a `rotary oil throwing element adapted to dip into said-receptacle, and means caused to dip furtherv into said receptacle under conditions of increased speed.-

Y 5. In aninternal combustion engine, the combination of a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, a crank shaft supported .by said crank case, a rotary governor in the lower portion of said crank case and adapted to dip into the oil therein, and means operated by the rotation of said crank shaft for rotating said governor.

6. Ina splash lubricating system, the combination of a crank shaft, a receptacle adapted to contain lubricating oil, means for distributing the oil comprising va rotary oil throwing element adapted to dip into said receptacle and operating under conditions of increased speed to dip further into said receptacle, and means rotating said element from the crank shaft at a higher speed than that of the crank shaft.

7. In a splash lubricating system, the combination of a crank shaft, a receptacle adapted to contain lubricating oil, a rotary oil throwing elementadapted to distribute oil from saidreceptacle, said element responding centrifugally to vchanges in speed for varying the amount of oil thrown, and means for driving said rotary element from the crank shaft at a higher rate of speed than that of the crank shaft.

8. In a splash lubricatingsystem, the combination of a crank shaft, a receptacle adapted to contain lubricating oil, a rotary oil throwing element adapted to distribute oil from said receptacle, said rotary element responding centrifugally to changes in speed for varying the amount of oil thrown, means for driving said rotary element from the .crank shaft, and means operated by the rotation of said rotary elementfor controllingthe speed of the crank shaft.

9. In a splash lubricating system, the combination of a crank case' adapted to contain lubricating oil, an oil receptacle in said crank case having an opening in vthe lower portion thereof lfor the admission of oil thereto from said crank case, and a rotary oil .throwing element adapted to dip into said receptacle comprising means caused to dip further into said receptacle under conditions of increased speed.

` 10. In a splash lubricating system, the combination of a crank case adaptedto contain lubricating oil, an oil receptacle in said crank case having an opening in the lower portion thereof for the admission of oil thereto from said crank case a rotary oil throwingv element driven by the crank shaft and arranged to dip into the oil in said receptacleto distribute the same, said rotary element responding toV changes in centrifugal force for varying the amount of oil distributed and means for directing the oil thrown by said oil throwing element toward the crank shaft.

11. In a splash lubricating system, the combinat-ion of a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, an oil receptacle in said crank case having an opening in the lower portion thereof'for the admission of oil thereto from said crank case, a rotary oil throwing element driven by the crank shaft and arranged to dip into the oil in said receptacle to distribute the same, said oil throwing element comprising means responding to changes in cen- A If) lll trifugal force for varying the amount of oil thrown thereby and a deflector carried by said receptacle and arranged to direct the oil thrown by said oil throwing element toward the crank shaft.

12. 1n a splash vlubricating system, the

combination of a crank case adapted to cono tain lubricating oil, an oil receptacle in said crank case having an .opening inthe lower portion thereof for the admission of oilv thereto from said crank case, a rotary oil distributing element adapted to dip into the oil in said receptacle and by its rotation to' distribute the same, means for driving said oil distributing elementat a higher rate of speed than that of the crank shaft, and means for directing the oil thrown by said oil throwing element toward the crank shaft.

13. In an internal combustion engine.J the combination ofa crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, a cylinder block com-4 municating with the interior of said crank case, a piston operating in said cylinder block7 a crank shaft supported by said crank case and connected with said piston, a rotating oil distributing element located be# tween the crank shaft and the cylinder block, means for driving said oil distributing element from thecrank shaft, a deflector for directing the oil thrown by said oil distributing element toward the crank shaft7 and a shield interposed between said oil distributing element and the cylinder block for limiting the amount of oil supplied to said piston and the cylinder block.

14. In an internal combustion engine,'the

combination of a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, a rotary oil throwing element adapted to dip into said oil, and an inlet in the crankcase for introducing oil thereinto located at approximately the desired oil level in close proximity to said rotary oil throwing element,V for predetermining the amount of oil in said crank case.

15. An internal combustion engine comprising a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, a receptacle therein adapted to receive the oil, a rotary oil throwing element adapted to dip into said receptacle, and an inlet for introducing oil into the crankcase located therein at approximately the desired oil level for predetermining the amountof lubricant in said crank case, said inlet being disposed in close proximity to the transverse plane of said receptacle.

16. An internal combustion engine comprising a crank case adapted to contain lubricating oil, an oil receptacle in said crank case having an opening in the lower portion thereof for the admission of oil thereto from said crank case, a centrifugally operating rotary oil throwing element adapted to dip into said receptacle, and an inlet for introducing oil into said crank case located in close proximity to the 'transverse plane4 of the opening in said oil receptacle.

17. InA a splash lubricating system, the

combination of a crank case'adapted to con-l tain lubricating oil*7 an oil receptacle in said crank case having Van opening in the lower portion thereof for the `admission of oil thereto from said crankfcase, a rotary oil distributing element adapted to dip into the oil in said receptacle and by its rotation to `and means for driving said oil distributing element at a higher rate of speed than that of the crank shaft.y n l HAROLD E. MCCRAY.

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