US1798566A - Steam turbine - Google Patents

Description

March 31, 1931. J. .1. VAN DEN BOSSCHE 1,793,566

STEAM TURBINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 27 1925 Ina-e22 737' I gji/z/z akzzBaJJc/k'e March 1931- J. J. VAN DEN BOSSCHE 1,793,566

STEAM TURBINE Filed Aug. 27 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 31, 1931 JEAN JOSEPH VAN DEN BOSSCI-IE, OF ENGHIEN, BELGIUM STEAM TURBINE Application filed August 27, 1925, Serial No. 52,936, and in Germany August 28, 1924.

My invention relates to a multistage tur bine and provides an improved structure which is based on the fact that heat can be directly transformed into kinetic ei'iergy.

' In the turbine according to my present invention the temperature of the flowing steam is decreased not solely by expansion but by con siderably extending the way the steam is compelled to take and by subjecting the steam to the action of centrifugal force. In the practical embodiment ofmy invention, which will be described hereinafter, the flowing steam is conducted alternately along a radial outward and a radial inward path and during each reversal is subjected to the influence of centrifgual force. it is by these combined means that almost no steam leaves the turbine at the exit end, but all steam consumed is condensed into water which is used as a sealing agent taking a counter flow to the direction of the steam and being collected and tapped at the steam entrance end of the turbine. The immediate result of my present method of transforming the heat of the steam directly into kinetic energy is the fact that there are no other losses of heat than those which occur accidentally by radiation, conductibility, and leakages which, however, can be reduced as much as possible.

My invention is illustrated diagrammatically and by way of an example in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is an axial section through a vertical two-stage steam turbine devised according to this invention; Figure 2 shows two hori- Zontal sections through one of the rotors,

the lefthand half of the figure being a sec tion in the plane A-B of Fig. 1, and the righthand half a section in the plane CD or" Fig. l; and Figure 3 is a horizontal section in the plane E-F of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawing, a denotes a vertical shaft to which are keyed a number of disks of which two, F) and c, are shown. These disks are bladed on both sides. (Z is the casing, a are annular partition walls bearing curved guide blades 6 and f on their upper faces (Fig. 3) and in opposition to blades h of the wheel disks 0 and b. 1 pre ier to have these blades h curved as shown in the right hand half of Fig. 2. The C0111- partinents formed around each set of bladed di ks or wheels leave at the circumference of the latter chambers 2' in which the stem is subjected to the action of the centrifugal u force. Between two adjacent wheels, inner annular steam chambers are formed by openings 111 the partition walls a. The path followed the steam entering at the inlet L fiuence oi the casing walls of the turbine,

and imparts to the blades 7b andg a part of the kinetic energy released by the decrease of its temperature. The temperature'and pressure of the steam will drop from one stage to another. In Fig. 2,.m denotes the passages between the turbine blades '9 which can be curved, too. Within these passages the kinetic energy of the steam molecules flowing towards the inner steam chambers is taken up by the blades 9.

The condensed water which accumulates 1n the turbine as a result of the direct transiormation of heat into motive power is being thrown radiall outwards a 'ainst the circlnnferential walls of the chambersi and then passes between the guide blades 0 and f to the center openings. of the Walls it. Finally, the condensed water collects in the lowermost part of the casing clfrom where it may be returned to the boiler through passages p, 7. As the condensed water is moving in opposition to the flow of the steam Within the vertical turbine, it serves also as asealing agent and thus prevents leakages of steam.

As the steam is to be condensed above: boiling point in the turbine, no steam-jacket or the like is required for the casing of the same. The turbine may be Worked with ordinary wet steam or with dry steam or with superheated steam, and it may be live steam, ex-

haust-steam, or steam given off by boiling water within the turbine. If a part of the steam remains uncondensed it escapes through the branch 0 and may either be sucked off by means of an ice-cooled condensing pot or be conducted back to the boiler by means of a cooled compressor or a so-called extractor. A part of the water of condensation escaping through the passages 79 may be used as sealing means in the labyrinth packing s from which it escapes through the orifices a".

From the above it may be seen that the turbine is intended to carry into practice a method for converting steam into motive power in such a manner that the amount of heat contained in the steam is converted into kinetic energy without any rest. The condensed water is flowing through the turbine in a direction opposite to that of the steam so that a certain counter-current is produced and maintained; in other words, the steam and the condensed water penetrate one another whereby the condensed water is heated nearly to boiler-temperature, in consequence whereof this water can be used very economically as boiler feed-water.

I wish it to be understood that the improved turbine described in the preceding paragraphs may be built also as a turbine with horizontal shaft.

My improved steam-turbine may be used in connection with industrial plants of any kind, as Well as for driving ships, and it can be used also in connection with vehicles of any kind, especially motor-vehicles, turbinelocomotives, and the like, and I deemit capable for use also in connection with air-craft where boilers with instantaneous steam-generation are employed, as has been proposed and is intended.

I claim:

1. In a turbine, the combination of a casing having an inlet and an outlet for the motive fluid, a shaft, turbine wheels fixedly mounted thereon, each turbine wheel consisting of a disk and radial blades on both sides of said disk and extending over its entire surface, :radially extending partition walls within said casing, whereby a compartment is formed foreach of said double bladed turbine wheels, said compartments being of the same size throughout said casing and having equally sized annular passages around each turbine wheel, said partition walls leaving central steam passages of the same size throughout said casing.

2. In a turbine, the combination of a casing having an inlet and an outlet for the motive fluid, a shaft, turbine wheels fixedly mounted thereon, each turbine wheel consisting of adisk and radial blades on-both sides of said disk and extending over its entire surface, radially extending partition walls within said casing, whereby a compartment is formed for each of said double bladed turbine wheels, said compartments being of the same size throughout said casing and leaving equally sized annular passages around each turbine wheel, said partition walls leaving central steam passages of the same size throughout said casing, and stationary guide blades upon said partition walls and opposite those of said radial blades through which the steam flows radially outwards.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a casing having an inlet and an outlet for the motive fluid, a vertically arranged shaft, turbine wheels fixedly mounted thereon, each turbine wheel consisting of a disk and radial blades on both sides of said disk and extending over its entire surface, a vertically extending casing, radially extending partition walls within said casing, whereby a compartment is formed for each of said double bladed turbine wheels, said, compartments being of the same size throughout said casing and leaving equally sized passages around each turbine wheel, said partition walls leaving central steam passages of the same size throughout said casing, at the base of said casing a collecting trough for condensed water descending in opposite direction to the flowing steam, and discharge openings within said collecting trough.

In testimony whereof I afiix m signature.

JEAN JOSEPH VAN DEN B SSCHE.

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