US1798222A - Piston - Google Patents

Description

March 31, 1931. E. s. REILAND ETAL PISTON Filed Dec. 13, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 nvewtoa March 31, 1931. E. s. REILAND ET m.

PISTON 2 Sheets-$116M 2 Filed Dec. 13, 1928 attozmu Patented Mar. 31, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFic E "ERNEST 5. man]: AND PETER m. REILANDQ or ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA PISTON Application filed December 13, 1928. Serial no. 325,737.

Our invention relates tofa piston for internal combustion engines designed to overcome pistonslap particularly with high compression motors used in the present type of automobiles where the combustion chamber is confined to a small cubic dimension and the enlarged portion of the combustion chamber offset to one side of the cylinder.

A. feature. of the invention resides in a peculiar form'of piston wherein the same is held against movement in a direction to force the same over against the side wall of the cylinder in its reciprocating operation. This We accomplish by means of members which provide a tension of an increased character on one side of the piston so that the tension These features and other details and ob- :10 jects will be more fully and clearly set'forth in the specification and claims.

In the drawings: 7 Figure 1 illustrates a portion of an internal combustion engine in section to show our pis-' ton in operative position therein. t

Figure 2 is a cross section of one form of our piston showing the construction thereof. Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of I Figure 2. Figure 4 illustrates piston in section. I Figure 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4. I i

Figure 6 is a detail of another form of our another form of our chamber, such as 10, directly above the cylinder and piston and with the enlarged portion of the combustion chamber ll positioned to one side of the cylinder B.

In this construction of internal combustion engine the combustion chamber is of the high compression type designed to provide a motor having certain advantages over old types of side valve motors and wherein a high compression is securedwhich is fired in a manner so as to cause the piston to operate with advantages of a very material nature. In in ternal combustion engines of this nature it is preferable to use a lightweight piston C wherein the body of the piston. is made of aluminum or other light-weight metals or alloys, so that the weight of the piston is materially reduced and less weight is carried in the reciprocation by the crank shaft 12. This materially reduces vibration and gives more snap and pick-up to the motor.

The piston C may be of the type illustrated-in Figure 2 whereinthe regular compression rings 13 are used in the head portion 14 of the same and having a skirt'portion 15 which is undivided.

In this form of our piston C we provide beveled bearing rings 16 which are formed with a beveled surface 17 of certain degrees which bear against a beveled surface formed in the body of the piston of the same degree of bevel. ;The other side of the piston is beveled with the surface 18 of certain degrees and which is adapted to engage with a com pensating ring '19 having a beveled surface of a complementary beveled angle to that of i the beveled surface 18. 1

The compensating ring 19 fits within the groove 20 formed in the body of the piston O and isadapted to be urged into engagement with the bearing ring 16 by the coil springs 21 or other suitable resilient means adapted to urge the compensating ring 19 into engagement with the bearing ring 16.

The important feature of our invention resides in the tension of the members 21 in relation to the position of the piston and the rings 16 and 19. It will be noted that in Figure 3 we have illustrated the recesses 22' on one side of the piston of a shallower depth than the recesses 23 which are opposite to the recesses 22 and which recesses respectively,

22 and 23, form means of supporting the resil- 5 ient members or coil springs 21. By employing coil springs or resilient members of virtually the same tension and reducing the depth of the recesses such as 22, more tension is obtained on one side of the piston against the compensating ring 19 which in turn directs more tension against the same side .of the bearing ring 16 than is accomplished by the same resilient members on the opposite side of the piston C.

Thus by placing a bearing ring 16 in the head portion 14 and also in the skirt portion 15 of the piston C, and arranging the resilient members 21 so as to bear with more tension on the side of the piston opposite to the enlarged portion 11 of the combustion'chamber 10, we provide a means of overcoming the heavy blow of the explosion against the piston (J in such a manner as to prevent the pis ton C from bein forced against the side wall of the cylinder and thus overcoming any slap even though we fit our piston C with comparative freeness in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine A. As a matter of fact, we find that we can fit our pistons '40 with six to ten or fifteen thousandths clearance, whereas pistons of a light nature are now fit as close as two thousandths, and even with the free fitting of our piston C we do not get piston slap or a noise in the cylinders due to the force of the explosion within the explosion chamber 10. It will be apparent that in this manner we provide a piston G of a very desirable nature adapted to reciprocate free- 1v without undue friction on the sidewalls of the cylinder B and yet having a means of holding the piston C against sla ping by the fiorce of the explosion in types 0 combustion engines of the nature herein set forth.

The beveled surfaces 17 and 18 we have de-? scribed of certain de rees, the particular degree we have not set iorth for the reason that variations may be made with equally good results.

Even when the pistons are cold and are shrunk to their small size, which is quite considerable in aluminum pistons, no. slap is apparent even though our pistons are fit with an increased amount of cylinder wall clearance. This is accomplished byour means of holding the piston in the proper position Within the cylinder and providing compensating means for accomplishing this result.

While the construction of the beveled bearing rings is important to provide a long Wearing means of supporting the piston in-the cylinder with virtually a minimum amount of blow-by, the overcoming of the slap of the piston in the cylinder is accomplished in the simple formation of the piston illustrated in Figures 4 to 6, inclusive. The construction of the bearing rings 16 with the compensating rings 19 is much to be preferred for a long wearing and better compression, nevertheless, insofar as holding the piston in the motor A in a position so as not to slap in the cylinder, the construction illustrated in Figures 4 to 6 will accomplish the same results, and the construction of the piston E will be more fully hereinafter described.

The simple means of carrying out the principles andpurpose of our piston is illustrated in the form of the piston E wherein the ordinary compression rings 13 are used in the head 14 and by providing one o f the compression rings, such as 24, with resilient members 25 back of the ring 24, We prov de a tension on one side of the piston E Wl'llCll overcomes the piston slap. These bearing rings 24 may be placed at the top and in the skirt of the piston.E similarly to the bearing rings 16 and thus the piston E 18 held to one side of the cylinder in its reclprocation.

We have illustrated a simple, inexpensive means of providing the recesses Within the pistons C or E in the form of a thimble-like pocket member 26 which is forced into the piston opening 27 at the desired places in the piston to provide a pocket for recelvin g the spring members such as 25 or 21. This provides a means of forming the piston E in a very simple manner and placing recesses of the desired depth in the proper position to support the bearing rings such as 16 and 24.

We have accomplished the results of overcoming slapping of the piston C or E within internal combustion engines and have found that we are able to maintain a quiet operating motor even under adverse conditions, such as in cold weather when aluminum pistons are inclined to shrink when they are cold, being noisy when the motor starts up,

and overcoming piston slap in internal combustion engines even when the pistons have been run for a long period of time. Thecon struction of our piston with the resilient means for holding the samegives less wall friction than with ordinarypresent types of split skirt aluminum pistons where they are fit close to the wall and in expanding in operation engage the wall with considerable friction. The bearing rings in our piston take care of the supporting of the piston in operation, and thus considerable lessfriction is apparent in the operation of our pistons I only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other means and applied to uses other than those above set forth within the scope of the following claims without departing from the spirit and intent of the invention.

We claim:

1. A piston including, a wrist pin connection in the body thereof, bearing ring means for said piston to space the same away from the walls of the cylinder positioned on either side of said wrist pin connection, each hearing ring means including a beveled face ring having one beveled surface adapted to encompensating bearing ring means positioned on either side of said wrist pin connection to extend annularly about the body portion of the piston to support the same within the cylinder, said bearing ring means consisting of annular grooves having a square face on one side and a beyeled face on the other side, the beveled face of the groove above the wrist pin facing the beveled face of the groove below the wrist pin connection.

ERNEST S. REILAND.

PETER M. REILAND.

gage a beveled surface formed in the body of said piston, a compensating ring having a beveled face, and the other beveled face of said bearing rings being adapted to be engaged by said beveled face of said compensating ring, and spring means for holding said compensating ring in contact with said bearing ring.

2. A piston including, a body portion, a wrist pin connection therein, ring recesses formed on either side of said wrist pin connection having oppositely disposed beveled faces so that each beveled face of said ring grooves face toward the wrist pin connection, a bearing ring adapted to fit against said beveled face in said ring recesses, a compensating ring adapted to engage a beveled face of said bearing ring, and resilient means for holding said compensating ring under spring tension against said bearing ring.

3. A piston including, a body portion having a wrist pin connection therein, bearing ring means and grooves positioned on either side of said wrist pin connection having beveled faces disposedtoward each other and toward the wrist pin connection, bearing rings adapted to contact with the cylinder walls carried in said grooves having a substantial triangular cross sectional shape to provide beveled faces'inwardly of the ring, one of which engages a beveled face formed in the piston body, and a spring compensatingring means adapted to engage the other beveled face of the bearing ring to hold the same in operative position,

4. A piston including, a body portion, a. head portion adapted to receive a series of compression rings, a wrist pin connection,

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