US1795807A - Nozzle - Google Patents

Description

C. M. TERRY March 10, 1931.

NOZZLE Filed July 11, 1928 INVENTOR CHARLES M. TERRY Qffm f ATToRN Patented Mar. io, 1931 UNITED STATES,

Pars-rrr OFFICEl CHARLES IMI. TERRY, F DECATUB/ILLINOIIS, .ASSIGNOR T0 A. W. CASH COMPANY, OF

v DECATUB, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF IDEIl aAlXfAlRE-A .NOZZLE Application inea July 11, 192s. seriarno. 291,820.

This invention relates to nozzles, and more particularly-to a nozzle so constructed as to discharge a iiuid stream at high velocity.

As liuid approaches the discharge orice of an ordinary plain nozzle at high velocity, it

is always in a state of turbulence which is y caused by obstructions and irregularities, such as hose couplings, valves, and bends in the supply conduit. vBecause of this turbulence in the fluid, the stream breaks up and spreads soon after leaving the orifice. Moreover, the fluid velocityis almost invariably different on opposite sides of the nozzle and when the portions of the stream having such different y velocities combine at the orifice an agitated irregular discharge is inevitable. Such a stream lacks the cutting power of a true convcentrated jet, and is unsatisfactory for many purposes, such as hydraulic mining, automobile washing, etc.

It is accordingly one object of my invention to provide a fluid nozzle which will eliminate turbulence and velocity differences in the fluid anterior to the discharge orifice, and

which vwill deliver a straight concentrated stream with a powerful cutting action.

In using a nozzle for-certain purposes, such as the washing of automobiles, it is sometimes desirable. to utilize a spray rather than a concentrated stream, and it is accordingly a lfurther object of the invention to provide a nozzle which will deliver either va straight concentrated stream or break up this stream into` a spray` at the will of the operator.- l

`A further object is to lprovide la nozzle of this general type which will be simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and which will be efficient and convenient in operation.

With these and other objects inview, as will be apparent' to those skilled in the art, my invention resides in the oombination`- of parts set forth in the specification and covered bythe claims appended hereto.

The drawings illustrate a nozzle or hydrau lic gun particularly adapted for *washing automobilesv which is capable of lsatisfying the above objects, but it will be understood that a simplified construction need not include 50' all of these features. In the drawings, in

which like reference numerals indicate like parts Fig. 1 is' a longitudinal section through a fluid discharge nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 2??, of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; i

Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of Fig. '1;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged elevationalgview of the discharge end of the nozzle; and

Fig. is an enlarged longitudinal section 4 of the discharge end of the inozzle, showing the deflector adjusted to produce a spray.` v

The embodiment of my invention illustrated in the drawin s comprises a body portion, such as a cylindrical pipe, having a discharge orifice suitably located, preferably at one end of the pipe and co-axial therewith. Fluid under pressure is introduced into the pipe by a suitable means, such as an adjustable valve I at lthe end opposite the discharge orifice. A l

baffle plate may be mounted inside the pipe in the path of the inflowing stream so as to decrease the velocity and distribute the fiuid uniformly throughout 'the pipe. A series of thin flat vanes may be mounted longitudinallyv of the pipe between the baffle and the orifice, and each vane is preferably arranged at right angles to the preceding vane, so that the stream on each side of one vane is split evenly by the following vane, and a straight flow of uniform velocity is obtained anterior to the orifice. A fillet is preferably provided so as to form a smooth surface between the interior of the pipe and the edge of the orifice, thereby eliminating turbulence at this point. In order to form a spray when desired I provide a supporting member extending beyond the orifice and out of contact with the issuing stream, and I mount a deflector on said meniber in such a manner that it may be adjusted to either clear the stream entirely or deflect it into a fiat spray. I

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the nozzle there shown comprises a pipe formed by a hollowl cylindrical barrel 10 threaded at one end into a hollow body member 11. The pipe is provided with a discharge orifice formed by a small circular opening 14 in a thin circular plate 15. The plate 15 is firmly held against the end of the barrel 10 by means of a hexagonal cap 17 threaded thereon and provided with an annular shoulder bearing against the plate. y

In order to introduce fluid into thelpipe, I arrange a transverse partition 18 in the body member 11, and provide a circular opening 20 through this partition concentric with the pipe.` `A suitable hose connection 21 at right angles to the pipe leads into the chamber 23 formed in the body member by the partition. Fluid at high pressure is supplied to the connection 21through a hose leadin from a pump or other suitable source.`

It is desirable to control `the rate of discharge of the fluid, and for this purpose I provide a valve member 25 arranged co-axialf ly with the pipe, with one end beveled to fit in the opening A2O and with the other end enlarged to form a cylindrical handle 26, which may be knurled if desired. The valve member 25 passes through a stuffing box 27 arranged to prevent leakage of the fluid, and is threaded through the rear wall of the body member 11 to permit it to be adjusted axially and thus vary the rate of flow through the opening 20."

In order to eliminate all Whirl and turbulence in the stream flowing through the barrel 10, while at the same time bringing about uniform velocity conditions inthe stream, I mount a series of vanes 30, 31 and 32 longitudinally within the barrel. These vanes are preferably fiat and comparatively thin,

'as illustrated, so as to offer a minimum resistance to the flow, and may be simply and effectively held in place by locating their edges in grooves 35 formed in the inner surface of the barrel. Each vane is mounted at an angle to the preceding vane, and preferably at a right angle thereto so that adjacent vanes are in perpendicular planes. It is also desirable that the vanes pass through the axis of the barrel, whereby the passages on 'the two sides of 'each vane will be equal. Constructed inithis manner, the vanes are not only 'effecltive in bringing about straight axial ow in the stream; but they also aid in eliminating any velocity differences which may be present.. For example,it will be noted that if the velocity in the` passage above vane 30 is greater 'than the velocity in the passage below this vane, both of these streams are split evenly by the vane 31, and half of the high velocity stream joins with half of the Vlow velocity stream, thus tending to form streams of equal velocity on each side of vane 31. The same thing'lhappens again whenthel fluid reaches Avane 32, which splits evenly the two streams fromopposite sides of vane 31.

Vane 32 'nearest the discharge orifice 14 is 'preferably spaced therefrom to form aA barrel 10.

Under certain rconditions there is a tendency, for the opening 20 to emit a small high velocity jet, which renders more dillicult the problem of bringing about a uniform velocity in the stream anterior to the discharge orifice 14. This is particularly true when the valve 25 is so adjusted as to partially close the opening 20. To overcome this difficulty I may mount a baille plate 40 transversely of the pipe in the path of the stream flowing into the pipefrom the valve opening. This baffle plate is preferably circular in shape and arranged concentric with the pipe. In the embodiment illustrated the baflie is shown as integrally connected to the wall of the b'ody member 11 by a pair of thin webs 41.

At times in the washing of automobiles it is desirable to alter the straight concentrated stream normally issuing from the orice 14 so as to form a flat fan shaped spray. This 'may be simply andconveniently accomplished by providing a deliector so mounted in the cap 17 that it may be adjusted rotatably therein to either clear the jet entirely or deflect it into the shape desired. In the'pre- .y the pin is preferably mounted with its axis slightly above the axis ofthe pipe, so that the Aissuing Huid stream may either flow'unintery rupted through the notch or strike against the flat bottom of the notch, depending upon the adjustment of the pin. By turning the pin slightly, the character of the spray can be varied from a broad t spray to a narrow sharp spray;` l

The operation of my invention will now be apparent from the above disclosure. If the nozzle istobe used for the Washing of automobiles', it lis supplied with water at a pressure of about 350 lbs. per square inch through a hose or other conduit attached to the con-- nection 21. The water flows through the opening 20 at a rate dependent upon the adjustment of valve 25, and then strikes the baffle plate which assists in distributing it uniformly throughout the pipe. The valles 30, 3l and32 cooperate with the baille 40 and the fillet 38 to eliminate all turbulence and velocity differences in the stream anterior 'to the orifice 14, and as a result a terrific concentrated cutting stream is produced. When desired this concentrated stream may be changedr to a flat cutting spray by simply turning the handle 46 a slight amount. The device is composed of but few parts, is simple and inexpensive to manufacture commercially, and effective forthe purposes intended. Having thus described my invention, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1.,A nozzle for fluids comprising a pipe having a discharge orifice in oneend thereof, and-a series of thin, plane surfaced vanes arranged longitudinally within the pipe and parallel to the axis thereof, each vane being mounted at an angle to the preceding vane and in position to split the stream on each vside thereof .and cause the fluid to flow through the pipe in a straight line.

2. A nozzle for fluids comprising a pipe having a discharge orifice in one end thereof, and a series of thin, smooth surfaced vanes arranged longitudinally within the pipe and parallel to the axis thereof, each vane being mounted in a plane perpendicular to the .plane of the preceding vane, the passage through the pipe being 'unobstructed and the vanes being so arranged that the stream on 'each side of one vane is split evenly by the following vane and the fluid is caused to trave] in a straight line flow through the pipe.

3. A'nozzle for fluids comprising a pipe having a discharge orifice in one end thereof V,and an unobstructed passage therethrough,

and a series of thin flat vanes arranged longitudinally within the pipe and passing through the axis thereof, each vane .being mounted in a plane perpendicular to the plane of thepreceding vane and arranged to split the stream on each side thereof.

4. A nozzle for fluids comprising a straight pipe having an, unobstructed passage and a restricted discharge orifice in one end thereof, and a series of thinflat vanes arranged longitudinally'within the pipe and passing through the axis thereof, each vane being mounted in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the preceding vane and in position to split the stream on each side thereof, and the vane nearest the orifice being spaced therefrom so as to form a chamber wherein thei fluid streams on opposite sides of thevanes may mingle and flow in lines parallel tothe axis of the pipe and at a substantially uniform velocity throughout the pipe.

5. A nozzle for fluids comprising ia cylindrical pipe having a concentric circular' thin plate dischargeorifice in one end thereof, means for introducing fluid under pressure into the other end of the pipe, and a fillet providing a smooth continuous surface connecting the inner surface of the pipe with the discharge orifice, whereby turbulence in the stream anterior to the orifice is largely eliminated. v

6. vA nozzle for a fluid comprising a pipe lhaving a discharge orifice in one end thereof, means for introducing fluid under pressure in said pipe, a supporting member mounted on the discharge end of said pipe and 'extending beyond the orifice, said member being entirely out of the path of the fluid stream, and a pin extending through and adjustably mounted on the discharge end of said pipe and extending beyond the orifice, said member being entirely out of the path of the fluid i stream, and a cylindrical pin extending through said supporting member at right angles to the axis of the pipe, said pin having A a cutaway portion through which the fluid stream may pass without obstruction and a spray forming surface, said pin being adjustable rotatably about its axis so as to interpose said surface inthe path of the stream and cause it to be deflected int a flat spray.

8. A nozzle for a fluid comprising a'pipe having a concentric discharge orifice in one end thereof, means for introducing fluid under" ressure into said pipe, a supporting mem er mounted on the discharge end of said pipe and extending beyond the orifice, said member being entirely out of the path of the fluid stream, andia cylindrical pin rotatably mounted in the suppprting member about an axis at right angles to the axis of the pipe and offset therefrom, said pin having a flat bottomed notch in one side extending subf one being positioned to split thefstream on each side of the preceding vane and meanslos ` d Within the pipe and passing through the axis o thereof, each vane being mounted in a plane 4 including a baile plate `mounted within the pipe in the path of the inflowing stream to ydistribute the fluid uniformly throughout the pipe priorto its passage among the vanes.

10. A nozzle for a fluid comprising a cy-k lindrical pipe having a concentric discharge orifice in one end thereof, means for introducing fluid under pressure axially int-o the other end of the pipe, a series of thin flat vanes arranged longitudinally Within the' pipe and each vane being in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the preceding vane, and a circular baffle plate concentric with the pipe and in advance of the first vane, whereby the fluid vvill be uniformly distributed throughout the pipe prior to its passage among the vanes.

11. A nozzle for a fluid comprising a pipe having a discharge orifice in one end thereof, a vane arranged longitudinally within the pipe to eliminate turbulence and Whirl in the stream anterior to the orifice, and a deflector mounted beyond the orifice to deflect the concentrated issuing fluid jet into a spray.

12. A nozzle for a fluid comprising a cylindrical pipe having a concentric discharge orifice in one end thereof, a series of thin flat vanes arranged longitudinally yWithin the A pipe, each vane being mounted in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the preceding vane, and a deflector mounted beyond the ori- `fice which is shaped and arranged to deflect the concentrated issuing iuid jet into a spray.

13. A nozzle for a fluid comprising a cylindrical pipe having a concentric thin plate discharge orifice in one end thereof, a series of thin flat vanes arranged longitudinally perpendicular to the plane of the preceding vane, a supporting member mounted on the discharge end of said pipe and extending bev yond the orifice, said member being entirely out of the path of the fluid stream, and an adjustable deflector mounted on said'member, said deflector being locatable in the path of the concentrated issuing fluid jet and so sha ed as toform aflat fluid spray.

lgned at Decatur, Illinois, this 26th day of June, 1928.

, y CHARLES M. TERRY.

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