US1795309A - Equalizing-combustion unit - Google Patents

Description

Marh l0, 1931. D. 1 MARSHALL EQUALIZING COMBUSTIONZUNIT Filed Oct. 5, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 i Il. Illm IN1/TOR. /Z 1// /Z//z/ A TTORNEY.

March 10, 1931. D. L. MARSHALL 1,795,309

EQUALIZING coMBusTIoN UNIT Filed ont. 5, 192s v4 sheets-sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

//rZ//nrffzi 'MU I n Xl 27M ATTORNEY.

Mmlm, 1931. D. L. MARSHALL 1,795,309

9911111.12111@ coMBUsToN UNIT Filed Oct. 5, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 l N VEN TOR.

March 10', 1931. D. L. MARSHALL 1,795,309A

EQUALIZING COMBUSTION UNIT Filed oct. 5, 1928 4 sheets-sheet 4 Z 3 uw 4 7 v M, 2 I L I 4 MZ, g q

l INVENTOR. f2.7 /yn/sa/X ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 10, 1931" DAVIDLEWES MARSHALL, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

EQUALIZINo-coiviusrron UNIT Application led October 5, 1928. Serial No. 319,619.

My invention relates broadly to a cylinder head unit, adaptable to combustion engines. Its full intent being to provide a variable control device, built inthe cylinder head, adjacent to the reciprocating piston in order to equalize the compression areas for single or multiple cylinder engines, in such a way that the regulation of each unit is independent of each other, for the vpurpose of producing increased power, balance, flexibility and rhythmic smoothness. j

The unit being sel-contained,its adjustable compression head can be re`jset to any desire-d area. from an external position while the'motor is running or idle.l Provides single or duel ignition, separate water circulation for the control of the heat, and can be removed as a unit by the removal of four release studs, for quick inspection or cleaning when `the engine is idle. When removed it leaves an opening in the cylinder head of the same diameter as the complete unit, providing ease oi cleaning piston and valvesl without removing the cylinder head or any of its connections.` Replacements can be made without changingits originalsetting The special feature of this device, being the flexible degree in which the combined units can be adjusted to operate under any desired combustion ratio for `various load conditions. As its operation is independent oi the general design or mechanical features incorporated into any standardinternfal combustion engine.

In order to describe the various parts,- I will now refer to `the accompanying drawings which illustrate a unit, embodying the fea.n tures of my invention, with the same characters representing the same part on various sheets, and in which- Figure l is a plan view showing apart section of a cylinder head illustrating a unit assembled for operation, and the opening left in the cylinder head when the unit is removed.

Figure 2 Vis a vertical section of Fig. l on line A-A showing the vrelative parts of the unit, when the Yadjustable combustion head is in' its lowest position.

Figure 3 same as Fig. .2 showing the relative parts of the unit when the adjustable combustion head is in its elevated position'to change the combustion chambers volume.

Figure i is a vertical section on lineL B-B,

F ig. l, showing the detail construction of the cylinder head bosses supporting the release studs which securely fastens the unit to thek cylinder head and remove it when desired.

Figure 5 is au elevation of the adjustable combustion head only, showing the thread and oil groove around its periphery,` and the oblongv teeth on the top rim of same by which adjustments are made.

Figure Gis a perspective from the top showing the assembled unit, as it appears after being drawnfrom, or ready to be returned to the cylinder head opening so as not tochange the setting. v

Figure 7 is an elevation'of the circulating water container, with part section of the inlet and'outlet sides of the water bosses to illustrate the flow of the water in absorbing the heat, as the water passes through thecontainer, to and from the cylinder head connections.

Figure 7-A is Va plan view of Fig. 7 showing position of waterconnections at the top, also cylindrical openings for spark plug, and spark plug boss. Y Figure 8 is a` vertical sectionof a portion of the cylinder head showing a nipple connectionv for one end of the flexible water tube, which connects the water space in the cylinder head withV the connections on the water container, so as to provide means in carrying the circulating Water to and from the container. v v j Figure 9 is a part vertical section showing the wall'of the cylinder head opening, the wall of the housing member with its shallow angul lar groove to collect oil and carbon asa sec ondary method in sealing the combustion gases, a thread on its inner surface with which the corresponding thread on the wall of the adjustable head operates in making adjustments for the combustion areas.

Figure lOfis a vertical longitudinal section of a four unit cylinder head, illustrating the variation ofadjustmentsfor the combustion areas, and the lip around the side of the top ilange for sealing the combustion gases at the top of the cylinder head.

Figure 11 is a part elevation at E, showing the unit being drawn out of the cylinder head by the action of the release studs without changing its adjustments.

Figure 12 is a part elevation at E, Fig. 1, showing one of the release studs in position for receiving the assembled unit.

Fig. 1 shows such a unit in plan` view, assembled for its operation and can better be described in connection with- Fig. 2 which is a vertical cross section of Fig. 1, on line .er-A, dotted lines showing a typical cylinder block 1, a reciprocating pist0n in its top center position for liring 2, intake and exhaust valves 3, cylinder block water acket 4, cylinder head gasket 5. These parts and their function being unchanged and well known it is not necessary for them to be described here as they are shown only to help illustrate my invention. Cylinder head casting 6, being cast in one piece in the regular way, (all unnecessary parts not shown) provides a cylinder opening 7, for each unit separated from the water jacket 3, by the wall 9, extending upward through the cylinder head 6, of the same diameter as the piston 2, or any diameter as may be required. Space ,7. Fig. 1,

10, being the gas passage between the intake and exhaust valves 3, and the compression area 11, is separated from the water space 8, by the wall 12. Opening 13, is provided with a thread 14, for a compression gangs or ignition on the valve side of the cylinder head 6, and opens into the gas passage 10. i

Four separate bosses 15, are cast integral with the cylinder head 6, and the wall 9, cxtending down into the water space 8, from the top with a threaded hole 32, to receive and form a support for the lower part of the four release studs 16, which hold the assembled unit in place. Operation for all four studs 16, being the same, description covers Fig. 4, which is a vertical section on line B-B, Fig. 1, in which release stud 16, has an extension 17, at the bottom with a thread 18, for threading into the hol-es 32, in bosses 15. Above the lower extension 17, a round collar 19, and a bearing surface 20, both being a part of the stud 16, and having a iinished surface to revolve in the corresponding recesses of the lugs 29, of the compression head housing 24. Above the bearing surface 20, is a short thread 21, for the lock nut 22, for holding housing 24 of the unit stationary. The upper end of the stud 16 having a square shank 23, for a socket wrench 67 Fig. 11, is used in turning the studs 16, when jacking the assembled unit out of the cylinder head 6, for removal of the complete unit. Grouping of the figures will better describe some of the relative parts of the assembled unit, and they will follow in the manner of their assembly.

Figs. 2 4, being sectional views together with Fig. 6 a. perspective view of the unit from the top, shows the compression head housing as the supporting member for the complete unit, its lower portion having a vertical cylindrical wall 24, forming a horizontal surface at the ton into the four lugs 29.

WV all 24, around its outside periphery conforms to the cylinder opening 7, assembles with it and ,has a finished surface for a sliding lit, with a wide, shallow angular groove 25, around its outer surface to act as a sealing space for the gases and a reservoir to collect oil from the lubricating oil groove 36 Fig. 9. The inner surface of 24, having a female thread 2? Figs. 4-9, extending from the top down to the recess 2S, for supporting its adjacent member 33. Recess 28, at the bottom of the inner wall surface reduces its metal thickness and provides a smooth surface for the action of the gases at this point when the adjustable compression head 33, is lifted from` its low position as shown in Fig. 3. The four top surface lugs 29 Figs. 4-6 each have a recess 30, opening on the under side to receive the round collar 19, and an opening 31, bored central with it, directly above for receiving bearing surface 20, on releasel stud 16.

Adjustable compression head 33, Fig. 4 is supported by wall 24. lts outside periphery has a male thread 34 Fig'. 5, running down its entire length which engages the thread 2T Fig. 9. [in oil feed 35, from its top exposed surface or rim runs down a suitable distance Fi 3 in a vertical manner, until it intersects the oil groove 36, which in turn runs around its periphery on a spiral for a suitable distance to lubricate the threads 27 and 34.

Vall 33, being closed at the bottom by the horizontal wall 41, except at the center where it forms the vertical internal boss 37, which has a female thread 38, provides for the insertion of the main ignition spark plug which travels with the head so that the compressed gases are always iired from a` top central position, regardless of the variation of the area` 11, by any change of its position as shown by F ig. 3. The top or rim of the wall 33 6, has four projecting surfaces 39, and four recesses 40, each alternating with each other every forty-live degrees of its circumference, forming oblong teeth for the use of a Spanner wrench in raising or lowering same. It is heaviest at the top, tapering toward its lower wall 41, to reduce the metal thickness and has two internal ribs 42, for strength and a. bearing surface to prevent separate water container 46, from vibrating.

Adjustable compression head lock ring, 43 Fig. 3, being a sectional view, showing the adjustable compression head 33, in an elevated position. Lock ring 43, maintains the same relative position for locking as shown by Fig. 2. lts function being to hold the adjustable compression head 33, from turningl after adjustments are made. It is cylindrical, having a female thread on its inner sur face corresponding to the male thread 34, on the adjustable compression head 33, as-` sembles over its upper portion Fig. 6, above the topl surface of the compression head housing 24, and bears against it when locked in place.v Around its periphery are a series of suitable angular notches 45, for holding the jaws of a Spanner wrench in releasing or locking same for adjustments.

Circulating water container4 46 Fig. 6, being a perspective view from the top, Fig. 7 being a plan and elevation with water connections in part section for better illustratien. This container being a closed vessel of copper or other suitable metal to provide rapid transmission of the heat from theunit to the circulating water 56, is cylindrical in shape and conforms largely to the inside surface and supported by the adjustable compression head 33.

Water container has large recess 47, at its center extending from the top downward, tapering at its base toward the center to encirclel the spark plug boss 37, by the recess 48, and resting Fig. 3, on the inside of the lowerwall 41, of the compression head 33. lts outside vertical surface is straight fornr Ving a bearing against the heavy portion of the upper wall, and the two ribs 42, on the lower part of the adjustable compression head 33. The top surface Fig. "7, has twoV connections for the circulating water of which flange 49, conforms to the circular lines of the top of 46, with an external boss V50, having a male thread 51, for water connections of the fiexible tubes, and the fittings 53. An internal boss 54, from the under side of the flange 49, has a tube 55 attached to it, extending down a suitable distance from the bottom, to carry the cooling circulating water to the lowest part as shown by the arrow 56, so that it will circulatearound the recess 48, absorbing the heat and rise to the return boss 57, and baclrthrough the return flexible tube 52, to the cylinder head 6. Return boss 57 being the same as the inlet Side except tub-e 55, is not required. rlShe water container is held in place by the weight of both flexible tubes 52, water 56, and the two spring clamps 58, which are secured to the top rim of the adjustable compression' head 33, by the screws 59.

Fig. 8 being a vertical section on line C-C, Fig. 2, in which a portion of the cylinder head 6, has internal bosses 60, each with a threaded opening 61, for the attachment of the nipples 62, which in turn has a threaded boss 63, for threading into the openings 61. its upper portion forming the boss 64, with a thread 65, for connection 66, on the flexible metal tubes 52. Both feed and return tubes 52 and connections for attachments of the cylinder head 6, and containerp46, are of any suitable type, and shown here for completing the water circulation between the cylinder head and the unit, and are not claimedas a part of this invention.

Fig. 9 being a part enlarged section ofthe vertical walls ofthe unit to illustrate the oiling of thecylinder opening 7, shows cylinder wall 9, compression head housing wall 24, and adjustable compression head wall 33. As oil feeds down the. spiral grooves 36, around the periphery o-f 33., it will come in contact with and feed through one or more of the four ports 26, into the angular groove 25, of the wall 24, distributing oil on the face of cylinder opening 7, and form an oil seal at the same time. vy Fig. 10 beinga vertical longitudinal section of a four unit cylinder head, partsare blocked Vin merely to illustrate how a series of units, t--b-ce-d, would vary in the different settings to provide an even pressure for the areas 11, this is shown by placing all the pistons at a top center position for illus-v tration. l

f Fig. 11, part elevation of a unit at E, Fig. 1, showing the release'stud 16, jacking the unit out of the cylinder head 6, herein later described. When brought to sufficient height the unit can be lifted from the top ofthe studs 16, by hand, leaving studs 16, in hole 32.

Fig. 12, part elevation at E, Fig. 1,v showing one of the release studs 16, re-placed in position to receive the unit upon being replaced in cylinder opening forre-assembly.

Method, of operation in suitable openings that -will equalize this condition from an outside adjustment, so that the ultimate working areas give an absolute balance to the exploding gases for each, Fig. 10', regardless of the variation of the clearance above the piston.

Referring to Fig. 2, cylinder head casting being of standard one piece design, with the exception that additional provision is made in the cylinder head for the fou-r bosses 15, and the wall 9, which forms the cylindrical opening 7, for the installation of the assembled unit of which the major parts are the compression head housing 24, adjustable compression head 33, adjustable compression. head lock ring 43, and the circulating water vcontainer 46, all being supported by each other in turn as before described.y

Drawings illustrate a standard side pocket type of head, in which the gases are passed through the valves 3, and' space 10, to area 11 in the regular manner for firing. The volume of this area is controlled by the distance between the top of the piston 2, and the under side of the wall 41, which can be of any desired shape.

For describing its operation: Let it be assumed the area 11 Fig. 2, is at variance or Working at a higher pressure per square inch than its adjoining cylinders. For resetting to bring it to the same pressure, remove the two screws and spring clips 58 and 59, so that the circulating water container 46, being smooth and of sufficient clearance around its outside walls and base, will befree to remain stationary in the adjustment head 33, as it is held against turning by the two flexible water tubes 52, which are left connected to 46, and 6.

With a spanner wrench inserted into the angular grooves 45, loosen and back up lock ring 43, two or three turns, to free the adjustable compression head 33. rlhe area 1i, is controlled only and entirely by the Inovement of' the adjustable compression head 33, and is adjusted by placing a Spanner wrench in the external oblong extensions 39, and recesses 40. Turning saine to the left or right will move the adjustable con'ipression head 3, up or down to any 'fraction of an inch by the action of the stationary*thread 27 on 24, and the adjusting thread 34, on 33, bringing 33, to any desired position F ig. 3, carrying container 46, and the spark plug` in boss 3'?, with it, maintaining both in the same relative position as before.

Adjustments can be made with the engine in operation, as the length and fit of the threads 27 and 34, are suflicient to control the force of the exploding gases. With adjustments made, re-set the lock ring 43, replace spring clips 58 and screws 59, and the unit has been re-set and again locked in place. fr small variation in increasing or decreasing the volume makes a marked difference, the large increase of area shown between Fig. 2 and 3, being for illustration only.

Method of adjustments for all units being the same, any number can be operated at one time until'the proper operation is attained.

An alternate method of adjustment tor closer results can be obtained with the engine idle, by placing a. pressure gauge in opening 13, in place ot the spark plug, and proceeding as above described, turning the engine over by hand and reading the pressure on the gauge, thus setting each unit to a perfect and exact pressure per square inch as desired, varying each as required Fig. 10, to obtain a proper balance.

The complet-e water circulation comes up from the cylinder block 1, through the standard system of ports, enters the space S, passes through the nipple 65, Fig. 8, as indicated by the arrow 56, into the flexible tube 52, and

travels in a transverse direction Figs. 1 and 2', to the unit connection 53, through the boss 50, Fig. 7, and tube 55, to a point close to the bottom of 46, circulating around opening 48, then up to the outlet boss 57, on the return side to connection 53, through flexible tube 52, and emptying back into the space 8, of the cylinder head 6.

To remove the assembled unit, without chan ging or interfering with its adjustments, as for inspection or cleaning: litter draining off a portion of the water in the cooling .sj/stem to bring it below the unit level, remove connections 53, on both feed and return side oi' the unit water container 46, remove the lock nut 22, on each ot the four release studs 16, Figs. 4 and 11.

lace a socket wrench 67, on the square shank 23, on the upper end of the stud 16. 'liiirning each one in turn, a half turn will cause the part 17, to lift out ot the threaded hole 32, by action of the thread 18, pressing the round collar 19, up against the lugs 29 in recess 30, and opening 31. Thereby ack- "ng the complete unit from its place in the linder opening 7, leaving an opening the All size ot the unit :for cleaning the valves 1d piston as shown in Fig. 1. To re-set the nit, replace the studs 16, in the threaded fieles 32, Fig. 12. Placing the assembled unit in the opening 7, pressing it down into place with. the tour studs 16, passing through the openingl 31, and over collar 19, re-set lock nut Replace connections 53, and the unit is reassembled.

Having thus described the nature of this invention from practical working test, and the best descriptive means l know of-l claim:

1. An equalizing combustion unit placed in a suitable opening ot the cylinder head i'or an internal combustion engine as herein described, said opening supporting an adjustable combustion unit having a stationary housing member combining a top flange surface anchored substantially to the cylinder head by release studs, providing a tight joint against the leakage of combustion gases, a cylindrical wall extending down from the top flange, the outside surface of which has a shallow angular groove of suitable dimensions interposed between the top flange and the bottom edge, to provide a space for the accumulation of oil and carbon to act as a secondary means of sealing the cylinder head wall against the combustion gases, the inner surface on the cylindrical wall having a thread extending from its top flange surface downward a suitable distance which supports the adjustable combustion head and permits adjustments thereto, thus constituting a main supporting member of the unit, which doesr not move when adjustments are made to vary the combustion area, but does permit the assembled units removal and replacement in prf the cylinder head opening Without changing the area.

2. An equalizing combustion unit placed in a suitable opening of the cylinder head for an internal combustion engine as herein deu scribed, said opening supporting a housing member, controlled by suitable release studs, embodying an adjustable combustion head for equalizing the compression volume, having a cylindrical Wall open at the top, a

-thread and an oil groove around its periphery, actuated With its adjacent thread from an external position by a series of oblong teeth, a. Wall across its base of any suitable shape, having an internal boss at its center for ignition plug support. l

3. An equalizing combustion unit placed in Va suitable opening of the cylinder head for an internal combustion engine as herein described', said opening supporting a housing member, an adjustable combustion head embodying an adjustable locking ring having aI thread on its inner surface Which acts on the thread around the periphery of the adjustable combustion head, being above the top flange surface of the housing member and bears against it when locked in place, and having a. number of grooves around its out! A side surface providingmeans for the use of a suitable tool to loosen and lock same in making adjustments to the adjustable combustion head for equalizing the compression area.

4. In an equalizing combustion unit placed in a. suitable opening of the cylinder head for an internal combustion engine as herein described, said opening supporting an adjustable combustion unit having as its major parts, a housing member, an adjustable combustion head, and a circulating Water container arranged in the form of a closed vessel providing a means for the rapid transmission of the heat to the. Water for cooling the unit, the outside and botto-m surfaces conforming largely to the interior Walls of, and supported by the adjustable combustion head, a central exposed surface forming a recess at the center providing a space for an ignition plug to the unit, a top surface having-two circulation Water connections each with an external boss as a means of connecting the flexible Water tubes, one running from a suitable connection on the cylinder head to the inlet side of the circulating water container, one from the return outlet side of the circulating Water container back to a suitable connection on the cylinder head, thus completing the Water circulation by means of the flexible tubes between the Water space in the cylinder head and the circulating Water container of the unit, means for holding the circulating Water container in position by tWo or more spring clamps Which are securely fastened at Y suitable-points at one end on the toprim or surface of the adjacent member by screws,

bustion head to'absorb the heat.

5. An equalizing combustion unit placed 'in a suitable opening o-f the cylinder head for internal combustion engine as herein described',k said opening supporting an adjustable combustion unit having as one of its members a circulating Water container for absorbing the heat o-f the unit, arranged in such manner as to vprovide a means for holding same in a non-turning position by two flexible Water tubes during changes to the position of the adjustable combustion head, one

end of each being connected to the circulating Water container, the other anchored at a suitable point on the cylinder head independent of the unit, and by being released from the holding action of the spring clamps attached to the top surface of its adjacent member, thus permitting the smooth surface of the adjustable compression head to rotate around the smooth surface ofthe circulation Water container Without turning or interfering With the flow of the circulating Water operating the unit for adjustments.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto affixed my signature. i

`DAVID LEWEs MARSHALL.

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