US1793279A

US1793279A - Automatic forming machine

Info

Publication number: US1793279A
Application number: US240754A
Authority: US
Inventors: Fischer Charles Harry; Frederick H Fischer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-12-17
Filing date: 1927-12-17
Publication date: 1931-02-17
Anticipated expiration: 1948-02-17

Description

Feb. 1931- c. H. FISCHER ET AL 1,793,279

AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet. l

I z g z n as 4 24 36 51 45 22 5 o g-3 8 79 :3 11s a 1 O O 101 a4 85- m as; 104 4 INVE N TORS.

Feb. 17, 1931. c. H. FISCHER ETAL 3 AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINE Filed Dec. 17. 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 17, c. H. FISCHER ET AL 3 AUTOMATIC FORMI NG MACHINE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 I23 A.=. as o. .o2.- 5

IN l/E N TORS Feb. 17, 1931. c. H. FISCHER ET AL 7 AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet s Feb 1931- c. H. FISCHER ET AL 3 AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINE Filed Dec. 17, 192'? 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 g- 2 U STOCK STOP IN VEN TQRJ:

Feb. 17, I931. c. H. FISCHERETAL 1,793,279

AUTOMAT I G FORMI NG, MACH I NE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 INDEX CENTER DRILL omu. gnaw INVEN TORJ.

Feb. 17, 1931. c H, FJSCHER ET AL 1,793,279

AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINIE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 R/SES lN INV NTO/FJ:

metal. The term automatic Patented Feb. 17, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE cnannss nanny rrs'cm mp rannanrcx n. FISCHER, or cmcnmarr, oino AUTOMATIC FOBMIIIG MAOHTNE Application filed December -17, m7. Serial 11 240,154.

Automatic'forming machines to which our invention, relates employ a series of tools which coact in sequence with the work for performing various cutting operations on orming machine is herein employed in its broader sense and includes automatic screw machinesian machines of the same general character.. The tools are usually mounted in'se uence upon 10 a turret 'which rotates intermlttently for .placing the respective tools sequentially in 'coactive position with relation to the work.

Reciprocating movements are also imparted to the respective tools, the durations of co- 1 actions between the tool and the work and the lengths of the reciprocations being determined respectively by the amount of metal removed from the work at each relative rotation between the tool and the work, and

the distance the tool is moved with relation to the work. 7

The tool-turret is mounted on a turret-slide which is r'eciprocated for the purpose of moving the respective toolstoward and from the work. The turret-tools operate upon the work in directions lengthwise of. the axis of H the work; The turret-slide is also herein referred to as the end-slide and the tools thereon as the end-tools. In such machines there is also usually a cross-slide at each side of the work, on which tools are mounted which coact with thework by being reciprocated in crosswise direction with relation to the work. The tools at .the respective sides of the work 85 act upon the work in sequence, for instance,

for providing the periphery of the work with contours according to the shapes of tools on the cross-slides and for cutting oil the piece finished by the machine. v

Endwise feeds of the material take place for repetitions of the operations to reduce subsequent pieces of work. The fee of the work and its stoppage are also automatic. Means are also provided for rotating the work, which rotation may be in one direction, or reverse rotations may be imparted to the work, and in some instances rotations are im parted to selective tools, dependin on the character of cutting-to be done by t e tools. The old type of machine of .this character which is now in general use is aptly illustrated in United States Letters Patent No. 604 306, granted W. S. Davenport assi or to rown & Sharpe Manufacturing mpany, Ma 17, 1898, for metal screw machine. 55

In mac mes of this character it has been heretofore usual to control the endwise movements of the turret-slide b means of an intelgral cam, on which 10 es were formed w 1011 respectively controlled the successive 6 0 movements of the turret-slide toward the work for durations and for distances determined b the cutting which the respective tools were 0 plerform u on the work.

Assuming t at six en wise operations were to be performed upon the work, that is to say, assuming-a turret provided with six tools andarranged to intermittently rotate for six positions of the turret, so that thg six tools operate in sequence upon the work, it has been customary to rovide a cam with six cam-lobes integral t ereon for each object to be :Eormed'by the machine. These cams are very expensive to make and if, in the making of the cam, an one of the lobes should be incorrect, or if it should be desired to change the cutting done by any one of the tools either in duration or length, achangein the lobe,

of the cam'controlling said tool would be required, which would necessitate the making so of a complete new cam with the six lobes integral thereon. a i w Furthermore, in machines of this character the durations oi intermittent rotations of the turret are constant, while speed change mechanism is provided for selected speeds of rotation of the cam. The multi-lobed cam is provided with a cam ortion for each retraction of the turret-sli e, by providing a low point or depression in the cam between each pair of lobes. These depressions in the cam extend throughout such angle in the cam as to permit intermittent angular rotation of the turret, and this an le is computed upon the basis of the selecte speed of rotation of the o5 cam which determines the speed of successive operations of the series of tools for performingthe work, apiece of the work being completed at each rotation of the cam. The angular distances in the circle of rotation of the cam occupied by the respective lobes is based upon a redetermined desired s eed of rotation 0 the cam for finishing a piece of work within a given time.

If now it should be found that, by reason of change in material bein operated on, or for other reason, the wor could be performed more rapidly and that more pieces could be produced per hour by speeding up rotations of the cam, such speedin u o rotation of the cam has disarrang t e relation between duration of rotation of the turret at its constant speed and the speed of rotation of the tool-moving cam, because the depressions in the cam reserved for duration of rotation of the turret at constant speed were no longer of sufiicient angular extent at the increased speed of the cam.

It has therefore been found heretofore that such an integral cam when once made could not have its rotations s ceded up, because it disarranged the relation etween the rotations of the turret at constant s eed and the reciprocations of the turret-sli e at new increased speed, with the result that the angular distance of rotation of the cam originally reserved for .turret rotation was, at the increased speed of rotation of the cam, no longer sufiicient to complete the angle of rotation of the turret and proper presentation of the next tool in proper position to the work,

which made the cam useless for such in creased s eed, and necessitated the making of an entire y new cam for increased spec of operation upon the work.

These methods-of operation, which have heretofore been the usual ractice, have been very expensive, have limited output of the machines, and have made the use of a machine of this character rohibitive for many classes of work, and prohibitive in cost unless gpeat numbers amountin to a great many t ousands, of the same article were-to be produced in succession.

It is rapidly becoming the policy however for customers to order the products of machines of this character in small lots, largely on account of frequent changes in l-manufad tured products, so that long runs of machines of this character in continuous] producing large quantities of thesameartic e are becoming rather infrequent, making the operations of machines of this character rather expensive.

It is the object of our invetion to provide new cam mechanism in machines of this character, andto segregate the cams controlling the various reciprocations of the tool-slide so as to independently determine the'duration and distance of movement for each tool desired; further, to provide for permitting change in relation between the cutting movements of the various tools; and, further, to provide for permitting change in angular rerocations of the tools; and, further, to so arrange and relate these separate cam-lobes that they act in sequence upon the respective tools for successive operations of the tools upon the work, and for change of angular relation between the lobes for proper rotations of the turret at constant speed so that each F successive tool is properly positioned with reore coaction between the lation to the work be tool and the work takes place.

Our invention further contemplates the provision of proper preformed separate cam-lobes, arranged in series, for coordinate assemblyrfor producing a composite cam of desired form, dependent on the number of tools or turret movements and the de sired durations and distances of movements of the respective tools, and for ready change of any of said elements by exchange of camlobes, for correction.or desired change in durations or de ths of cuts, and for desired change in angu ar relation between the camlobes for ermitting change in speed of rotation of t e cam, regardless of intermittent movements of the turret at constant speed.

It is the object of our invention further to provide im roved relations of separate cam-lobes, an means for assembling the same; further, to provide novel means for assembling the cam-lobes in angular relation and for changin such angular relations; further, to provide for interchangeability between cam-lobes for endwise movement of the end tool-slide and for crosswise movement of the cross tool-slide; and, further, to provide novel means for changing angular relations between cam-lobes for the crossslides'.

The invention wiil be further readily understood from the following descri tion andclaims, and from the drawings in t is application. I

We have exemplified our invention in connection with an automatic screw machine employing an endwise slidable tool-slide, on which a turret is mounted for presenting the various tools serially to the work, and employingcross-slides for coaction of tools in crosswise directions with relation to the work, although it is obvious that our invention is applicable to other machines, and the machine exemplified is to be understood as a'mere'mechanism embodyin our invention.

We have further exempl ed our invention in connection. with a' given ran e of work, that is, diameters of work and urations, speeds and lengths of cutting operations, and it is understood that the a plica- .tion of our invention may be extende so as to include reater diameters and other durations, spee s and lengths of cutting operao tions. 7 7

a In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front side elevation of so much of the exemplifying screw machine as is-necessary to il ustrate our invention.

Fig. 2 is a rear side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear end elevation of the same.

Fig. 4 is a plan view'of the same.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of the same, taken on the line 5-5 of ig. 6 .1s a vertlcal cross-section of the same, taken in the plane of the line 6-6 of Fig. 7 is a cross-section of the exem lifyin machine, taken'on the line 77' of ig. 4. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of a detail of the same, taken in the plane of the line e s of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an exemplifying composite cam,

0, composed of three of our improved camlobes with spacing collars interposed.

Fig. 10 is a side view of the side cam-lobe mounting, partly in section, and partly broken away.

I Fig. 11 is an axi 1 section of the same, taken in the'plane'of t e line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 isan enlarged view of a central portion of a cam-lobe and its mounting, showing the relation of the teeth and pos- 4 tioning marks, partly broken away.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged viewof the turret, partly broken away, and partly in section on the axisof the tapping tool.

Fi 14 is a plan view of one of our exemplifymg cam-lobes.

Fig. 15 isa similar view of another of our i exeinplifyin g cam-lobes.

Fig. 16 is a similar view of an exemplifying threading cam-lobe.

Fi 17 representsa table of operations for formlng'a piece of work.

Fig. 18 is a side elevation of the stock-bar,

artl broken away, and having its end shown in axial section and partly formed.

5 Fig. 19 is an axial section of a completed piece of work.

Fig. 20 is an exemplification of end camlobes, imposed on an angularscale, with the clamp-nut removed.

Fig. 21 is an exemplification of a side camlobe used for forming, imposed on an angular scale, and mounted on its shaft, the shaft bein shown in cross-section on the line 21-21 of 1g. 10.

Fig. 22 is an exemplification of a side camwith the work.

lobe used for cutting off, imposedon an angular scale partly broken away the cam-lobe being shown mounted, its shait being shown in section on the line 22-22 of Fig. 10.

camclamp'innut being removed.

Fig; 2 isan exemplification of a series of threading cams imposed one on the other.

Fig. 25 represents a tabulation of the threading cams.

Fig. 26 is a still further exemplification of end cam-lobes imposed onan' angular scale, the clam ing nut being removed.

Fig. 2 is a further exemplification of a side cam-lobe used for forming, imposed on aFn agnlgular scale and shown similarly to Fig. 28'is a further exemplification of a side cam-lobe used for cutting ofit', imposed on an angular scale, and show-n'similarly to Fig. 22.

Fig. 29 is a tabulation of an exemplifying series of cam-lobes'arrangedin steps of angu-.

lar distances and of rises.

The frame 21 supportsan end tool-slide 22, which is reciprocated back and forth on guides 23 on the frame. The tool-slide supports the tool-turret 24, which is'journaled ina bearing 25 on the slide. (Figs. 1 to 5). The turret is provided with tool holdin means "26., of which six are shown, arrange equidistantly in angular relation about the axis of the turret. (Fig. 13). Tools are fixed in these tool holdin means. Six of these tools are shown. The number and kind of tools may vary, dependent on the work, and the number of tool holding means on the turret may also vary, according to the desired capacity ofthe machine. The turret is rotated intermittentl to present the tools sequentially to the worl for sequential coaction with the work in order to perform successive operations upon the work.

Suitable means are provided for intermittently rotating the turret and permitting the turret to rest in its respective angular positions for coactions of its respective tools Themeans for rotating the turret and holding the turret in work positions may be of suitable or usual construction.)

The intermittent rotations of the turret are in the resent exemplification caused by a driven isk 31 having a pin 32 thereon.- The pin is arranged to operate in radial slots 33 in a disk 34 fixed to the turret-s indie 35 for rotating the turret one-sixth o a revolution at each rotation of the driven disk 31 The material operated on may be such as is usually operated on in a machine of this character, and is exemplified as a metal rod 36, for instance, a solid round brass bar, which is passed intermittently through a quill-spindle 37 and is automatically fed intermittently Fig. 23 is a further exemplificatlon of end obes imposed on. an angular scale, the

through said spindle b suitable mechanism, not more particularly escribed because wellknown, and intermittently held in a suitable collet-chuck 38, in said spindle while being erated on by the respective tools, such 0 uck being not more particularly described because well-known. The spindle is arranged to be rotated for rotating the work, as by means of

pulleys

39, 40, which rotate in opposite directions, or at difi'erent speeds, according to the character of work, suitable clutch means being provided for im arting any of said rotative eifects to the spinfile.

Cross tool-

slides

41, 42, are arranged to reciprocate crosswise of the material in guides 1 43, 44, on the frame. (Fig. 7 These crossslides are provided with tool-

holders

45, 46, crosswise ad'ustable in suitable manner on the cross-sli es, and arranged for receiving tools-47, 48, rigidly connected therewith for roaction with the material by lateral movements of the cross-slides with relation to the material. Such tools are usually tools for forming the periphery of the material, and

. for cutting ofi' the finished object from the rod of material, the rod being then automatically fed axially for presenting a new portion thereof for coaction with the tools.

The means for moving the tool-slide 22, also herein called the end-slide, com rise a lever 51 pivoted on a. cross-rod 52 fixe in the main frame. (Fig. 5.) These means advance the end tool-slide in cuttin direction. This lever has on it a segment-rac 53 which meshes with a toothed rack 54 on the turretslide. A cross-shaft'55 has a cam 56 rotatively fixed thereto. The cam coacts with a roller 57 rotating on an axle 58 fixed in bearin 59 of a fork 60 of the lever 51.

he turret-slide comprises the

sections

61, 62. The toothed rack 54 is on the section 61. A crank-disk 63 is journaled in the section 62. A link 64 is articulatedat one end on a pin 65 in the section 61 and at its other end is articulated with the crank-pin on .the disk 63. When the end-slide is in extreme cutting position, the swinging end of the lever 51 is against the frame at 66, forming an anchor for the section 61 of the turret-slide. The

, from the crank-disk 63 is thereupon rotated a single rotation by usual -means, which positively withdraws the section 62 away from the material and positively draws the tool iaway work, the section 61 being meanwhile retracted by the action of the se ment lever 51 for again straightening the link 64 to normal position.

. A spring 67 located in a bore 68 in the frame normallyretracts thetool-slide and maintains the roller 57 in contact with the cam 56. The spring coacts with a plunger 69 in the bore 68 for pushing the plunger normally outwardly. The plunger is provided with an annular groove 70 in which a pin 71 is received, the pin projecting rigid y from the section 61 of the end tool-slide through a slot 72 in the wall of the bore 68, for imparting movements of the plunger induced by the spring to the tool-slide for retracting the latter.

Means for advancing the cross-slides toward the work are exemplified as

levers

75, 76, pivoted on a pivot-rod 77 fixed in bearings 78 in the frame. The outer ends of said levers are provided respectively with

rollers

79, 80, j ournaled on

pins

81, 82, fixed in bearings 83, 84, respectively in forks 85, 86, on the outer ends of said respective levers. (See Figs. 1 and 7.) a v The lever is rovided with a segmentgear 87 which mes es with a toothed rack 88 on the cross-slide 41. The lever 76 is provided with a segment-gear 89 which meshes with a segment-gear 90 on a lever 91 journaled on a rod 92 fixed in hearings in the mainframe. The lever 91 is provided with a segment-gear 93 which meshes with a tooth rack 94 on the cross-slide 42. Similar movements of the outer ends of the

levers

75, 76, cause movements in opposite directions of the

cross-slides

41, 42, toward the work.

The cross-slides are normally retracted away from the work respectively by springs. One of thesesprings is shown in Fig. 8 at 95, located ina bore 96. A sector of the wall of the hero is formed in the guideway on which the cross-slide slides, the remaining portion of said Wall being formed in the cross-slide. One end of the spring bears against the end wall of the part of the bore in the guideway and the other end of the spring bears against a clip 97 secured to the cross-slide. The springs normally retract the cross-slides in opgosite directions away from the work.

an -

lobes

101, 1 02, mounted on a shaft 103 journaled in bearings 104 of the main frame control the movements of the respective crossslides toward the work.

The intermittent turret rotations and the rotations of the cams are eifected through the medium of a drive-shaft 105, journaled in bearings 106 in the main frame, and having a pulley 107 thereon. Suitable clutch mechanism 108 suitably operated connects the pulley with the drive-shaft. The rotations of the pin-disk 31 are efiected when it is auto-. matically connected with the drive-shaft by means of a suitable clutch 109 automatically operated by usual control means. The intermittent rotations of the turret are efi'ected by means of the drive shaft 105. The speeds of such intermittent rotations are constant, and are not afi'ected by the speed change gearing mechanism located between the driveshaft and the cam-shafts which control the tool-slide reciprocations. This speed changing mechanism is shown generally as change-gears 110, between the shaft and a shaft 111, journaled in a bearing in the main frame and having a worm 112 fixed thereto. The worm 112 meshes with a worm-wheel 113 fixed to a cross-shaft 114 journaled in a bearing in the main frame. The shaft 114 has a bevel-gear 115 fixed thereto, which meshes with a bevelgear 116 fixed to the cam-shaft 103 which carries the cams for the cross-slides.

This shaft 114 has a gear 117 fixed thereto, which meshes with a gear 118 fixed to the camshaft 55, which carries the cam 56 for endwise movements of the turret-slide. The speeds of rotation of the cam-shafts may be changed by means of the speed change gear- 111 v fin machines of this character, as heretofore constructed, the cam 56 has been an integral cam, having thereon the desired number of lobes integral with each other and located in the same plane, causin the successive desired endwise movements 0 the turret-slide, each of such cams being cut for the specific work to be performed and the lobes thereof being integral wtih the cam and each of the other lobes thereon. Each cam, therefore, was a fixed cam, having each contact-portion thereof, which coacts with the roller for operating the end-slide, fixed with relation to every. other such contact-portion of the entire cam, and these contact-portions were definitely related angularly to form the depressions in the cam permitting retractions of the toolslide and intermittent rotations of the turret at fixed or constant speeds.

These cams with all the lobes integral therewith, after being specially shaped for the particular work to be performed have in practice heretofore been hardene and the cam once made could not be altered in economical factory practice, and it has heretofore been the practice, if any change in any portion of any one of the lobes was necessary after the cam had been made, to discard the cam entirely and make a new cam, resulting in a new additional expense which is quite materia Not only was it found necessary to provide an entirely new cam with all its lobes, in case any change in cam relation was necessary, due to mistake in layout of any contact portion or to change in product, or other reason, but such cams, when once made with a prede termined relation of speed of rotation of the cam surfaces to the angular distances of the depressions for permitting the intermittent turret rotations, fixed the speed of operation of the machine and the number of pieces which could be made within a stated time, so that if it was found advisable to increase the speed of operation of the machine to produce a greater number of parts for a given interval of time, it was found necessary to make an entirely new cam with all the lobes thereof differently spaced a art for providing different sizes of angu ar depressions between the lobes in order to permit proper intermittent rotations of the turret without interference between the tools on the turret and the work.

In our invention each lobe is a separate art of a composite cam, and we correlate t ese cam-lobes in angular relation for sequential coaction of the successive cam-lobes with the tool-slide, and s ace the separate cam-lobes in angular relation for forming depressions between cam-lobes for proper retractions of the end tool-slide permitting turret rotations, and we furthermore provide a coactin part or roller on the actuated lever for e ecting tool feeding movements, which coacts with all of the cam-lobes, which are arranged side by side about acommon axis.

VVe'furthermore provide a series of standard cam-lobes, arranged stepwise in such steps of progression of angular durations and rises as may be determined, so that substantially all usual operations which it may be desired to perform on a machine of this character, are effected by proper selection of such standard cam-lobes and the proper angular placement of such cam-lobes withrelation to each other.

The circle on which our improved camlobes are imposed is divided into one hundred equal angular spaces. Our improved camlobes are arranged in steps of angular distances, which may he steps of five hundredths (.05), that is to say, the peripheral cam-faces of the respective cam-lobes, which control duration of tool coaction with the work, occupy angular spaces which differ in steps of five hundredths (.05), one of the cam-lobes having a peripheral cam-face extending throughout an angle of five hundredths (.05) the next extending throughout an angle 0 ten hundredths (.10), the next throughout an angle of fifteen hundredths (.15), and so on throughout the series.

Our improved cam-lobes are also arranged in steps of rises, which may be steps of twenty-five one-thousandths (.025) of an inch, that is to say, the peripheral cam-faces of the respective cam-lobes, which control distances of tool coaction with the work, rise for distances which differ in steps of twentyfive one-thousandths (.025) of an inch, one of the cam-lobes having a peripheral camface which has a rise of twenty-five onethousandths (.025) of an inch between its lower end and its higher end, the next having such rise of fifty one-thousandths (.050) of an inch, the next having such rise of seventy-five one-thousandths (.075) of an inch, and so on throughout the series. Cam-lobes of various rises are provided for each step of angular distance. 5

The cam-face may at the high end of its rise have a concentric portion or dwell face, to cause the tool to dwell at the final portion of its cut for finishing purposes, which dwell face may extend throughout an angle of two one-hundredths (.02) of the circle. This dwell face is exemplified as included in the angular distance or length of the peripheral cam-face of the cam-lobe.

Thus we have in Figs. 14, 15 and 16 exemplified three of such cam-lobes.

In the cam-lobe 122 exemplified in Fig. 14, the angular distance occupied by the peripheral cam-face 123 for tool coaction in cutting is five hundredths (.05), represented by the angle a, and the angle of the dwell is two hundredths (.02), represented by the angle 5, the angle a for convenience includin the angle 6. This cam-face has a rise 0 one hundred and fifty one-thousandths (.150) of an inch, represented at c.

In the cam-lobe 124 exemplified in Fig. 15, the angular extent a of the rise of the cam is thirty-five hundredths (.35), the angle of the dwell b is two hundredths (.02), the angle a being inclusive of the angle 5, and the rise ((1 is tl)iree hundred and fifty one-thousandths In the cam-lobe 125 exemplified in Fig. 16,

which is a threading cam, the angular extent of the rise a of the cam is fifteen hundredths (.15), and the angular extent of the fall at of the cam is fifteen hundredths (.15) the inclusive an is of the cam being thirty hundredths (.30 The rise 0 of this cam is exemplified as three hundred and seventy-five thousandths (.375) of an inch, and corres onds with threading cam No. 7 hereinafter escribed.

Each of the cam-lobes is provided with a quick-rise face 127, at one of its ends, for quickly moving the tool-slide to its proximate position for coaction between its tool and the work, and the cam-lobe is also provided with a quick drop-face 128 at its other end, for permitting the roller to drop quickl oil of the cam-face for quick retraction 0 the tool-slide and tool. The cam-lobes are also provided with a hub 129, which has a rising surface 130 for the roller 57, this rising surface being at the point of extreme retraction of the roller. The hub is not necessarily contacted by the roller when the cam-lobes are assembled as a composite cam.

Each of the cam-lobes is provided with a radial line 131 and a radial line 132 to show the angular extent of the rise of the cam, the cam being provided with a mark 133 to denote this angular extent. The lobe may be provided with a further radial line 134, the distance between the

radial lines

132 and 134 showing the extent of the dwell of the cam. The latter angle is exemplified as included in the former angle. The cam-lobe may be provided with a mark 135 to denote the angle of this dwell. The line 134 and the mark 135 may be omitted on the assumption that all such cam-lobes are provided with such dwell. The cam-lobe Fsalso provided with a mark 136, to denote the extent of rise of the cami The respective cam-lobes are formed out of metal plates and have their cam portions suitably hardened after formation. Cam-lobes having thereon cam-faces which cause the respective tools to operate on the work for approximately the durations and for the dis stances desired upon the Work, for perform ing various operations desired, are selected from the series of standardized cam-lobes, and are angularly arranged about their axes so as to provide depressions 140 between the lobes for reception of the roller 57, to permit retractions of the tool-slide at required intervals for rotations of the turret and presentation of different tools sequentially to the work.

The cam-lobes so selected and angularly arranged about their axes are secured together, so as to form a composite cam, which rotates as a unit about its axis for coaction with the roller 57. The roller is made of such length as to coact with all of the several cam lobes arranged side by side.

In order to facilitate such arrangement of thecam-lobes, we provide a collar 141 provided with an end annularflange 142. The respective cam-lobes are prbvided with central holes 143 which snugly fit the collar so as to center the lobes on the collar. (See Figs. 6, 14, 15 and 16).

The collar is provided with a keyway 144, the radial center of which corresponds to a radial line 145 on theend-face of the collar, which corresponds to the zero position for the angular one hundred spaces about the circumference of the shaft 55. (See also Figs. 12 and 20). This radial line is preferably marked accordingly. This key-slot receives the key 146 between said collar and said shaft. The end face of the collar is provided with a scale 137 of radial lines to correspond with the one hundred spaces of the angular spacings of the cam-lobes. The graduation marks on the end-face of the collar are preferably divided into major groups of ten, which are subdivided into groups of five, which are in turn divided into single hundredths.

The outer periphery of the collar is provided with teeth 138, of which there are one hundred. The tooth-spaces correspond in position with the division lines of the scale 137, and the walls of the holes of the camlobes are provided with complemental teeth 139, of which there are also one hundred. the graduations on the end-face of the hub registering with these teeth. This constructmn enables the accurate assembly of the respective cam-lobes in angular divisions of onehundredth (.01) on the collar, with accurate placements of the cam-lobes with the desired angular distances between them measured in hundredths.

Fig. 20 represents an assembly of cam-lobes on the collar with the nut of the collar removed, the shaft being shown in the collar and the cam-lobes bein gram representing the hundred spaces into which the circle has been divided, as hereinbefore explained.

In assembling the cam-lobes on the collar (see Figs. 6, 12 and 20), the first cam-lobe is placed overthe collar with its line 131 in line with the zero mark on the scale on the end face of the collar. The next cam-lobe is then slipped over the collar with its angle line 131 in line with that mark of the scale on the end face of the collar as corresponds with the desired position of the cam-face on the second cam-lobe in the composite cam. The third and subsequent cam-lobes are placed over the collar in similar manner to form the composite cam. All of the camlobes are clamped to the collar .by means of a nut 147 threaded over the threaded end 148 of the collar.

The teeth or clutch faces between the walls of the holes in the cam-lobes and the outer periphery of the collar position and maintain the cam-lobes in angular relations so that the cam-lobes have the correct angular positions in the completed composite cam. Six of the cam-lobes are shown mounted on the collar, but if it is desired to use a less number, for instance three, the spaces on the collar which would normally be occupied by cam-lobes may be occupied by filling plates 149, (see Fig. 9) which are of the same thickness as the cam-lobes and have an outer periphery corres onding in radial distance to the position 0 the rising face 130.

The com osite cam is, after assembly,

placed on t e shaft 55, with the key in the collar received in the key-slot in the shaft, (Figs. 12 and 20), to correctly angularly place the composite cam on the shaft. The collar is then clamped to the shaft by means of a nut 150, which is threaded to the threaded end 151 of the shaft. (Fig. 6.) The nut is preferably extended through a bearing 152 in the frame of the machine, and has a polygonal outer end 153 for reception of a wrench. The thread between the nut and the shaft is preferably in such direction that rotation of the shaft inusual direction tends to tighten the nut. There is preferably a space 154 between the end of the shaft and the side frame 155 of the machine so that the composite cam may be conveniently removed from the shaft and passed through an opening 156 in the rear of the frame. (Fig. 3.)

The compositecam is rotated by the camshaft. The respective cam-lobes coact with the roller 57. The various cam-lobes coact with different parts in the length of the roller in the present exemplification, for causing aotuations of the lever 51, and consequent actuations of the tool-slide 22 in cutting directions, the retractions of the tool-slide being automatically obtained and the turret being imposed on a diaautomatically caused to turn during retracted positions of the tool-slide.

If it should be found after assembling the composite cam that the speed of cutting may be increased, the angular s aces between the cam-lobes may be increase as by angularly resetting the various cam-lobes on the collar, or by substituting other cam-lobes having shorter distance angles with the same rises, so as to increase the angular spaces between the cam-lobes in the composite cam in order that proper time may be given between the cuttin actuations for turret rotations.

If, urther, it should be found desirable to change the cam-face on any one of the lobes, a different lobe having the desired cam-face, ma be selected from our standard cam-lobes an substituted, and the various cam-lobes reassembled for forming the composite cam, all of the other cam-lobes being retained in the composite cam. Special cam-lobes may also be provided for special or unusual movements of any of the tools, and these may be assembled with our standardized cam-lobes for forming a composite cam.

By employment of our invention composite cams may be formed of standardized ca1nlobes, and the respective cam-lobes may be employed in any number of composite cams, thus dispensing with the necessity of forming a number of cam-faces on an integral'cam, which integral cam can be employed only as an entity for its particular jo In our improved device further the lever 51 for the end-slide and the

levers

75, 76, for the cross-slides, are so related in length and position of fulcrum, that the cam-lobes are interchangeable on the end cam-shaft and on the cam-shaft of the cross-slides, so that any of the standardized cam-lobes of our series of cam-lobes may also be employed for opera ting the cross-slides.

We further provide novel means for anguiarly relating the cam-lobes for the respective cross-slides, on the cam-shaft for the crossslides, and with relation to each other. Thus the cam-shaft 103 for the cross-slides is provided with a reduced portion 161, which has a key-groove 162 therein. (See Figs. 1, 10, 11 and 27). A collar 163 is received over this reduced end of the shaft. The respective ends of the collar are provided with reduced ends 164, 165, which respectively have teeth 166 on their outer peripheries, there being one hundred of these teeth on each of these ends, to correspond with the number and arrangement of the teeth in the wall of the hole of the respective cam-lobes. A collar 167 is received over the reduced portion 161 at the inner end of the reduced portion, and has a key-groove 168 therein in line with the keygroove 162.

The outer peripheries of the collars 163,

167, are respectively provided with

scales

169, 170, the graduations of which are prefwhen desired.

erably one hundred in number, to correspond with the one hundred distance spaces of the cam-lobes. (Fig. 10). The marks of these graduations register with the tooth-spaces between the teeth 166, the lines coinciding with the middle of said key-grooves re istering with the zero lines of said sca es. (Corresponding to. the scale showing of Fig.

12). The said scales are preferably divided into major groups of ten, subdivided into groups of five, which are in turn divided into single hundredths.

The side cam-

lobes

101, 102, are respectively placed about these reduced ends. Each of the side cam-lobes is placed on its hub with the radial line 131 thereon in registry with that division of the scale which corresponds to the desired position of the beginning of the rise of the cam-lobe on the camshaft 103. (See Figs. 21, 22, 27 and 28). A key 171 is located in the key-grooves 16:2, 168, and in a complemental key groove in the shaft extension, so as to angularly position the

collars

163, 167, on the cam-shaft 103. (Fig. 10.) The positioning of each side cam-lobe with its graduation mark 131 in registry with the desired one of the marks of the

respective scales

169, 170, angularly positions the camlobes for the cross-slides on the cam-shaft 103 and with relation to each other. The position of the cam-lobes on the cam-shaft and with relation to each other can therefore be aciomplished in steps of one hundredths.

Each of the side cam-lobes is thereby placed in such angular relation on the cam-shaft 103 that the beginning of the rise of each of these cam-lobes is incorrect position for the work to be performed by the cross-slide. The collars and cam-lobesare placed in this assembled relation on the shaft extension 161.

Each of the cam-lobes may also be moved endwise ofi of its collar, rotated and replaced on its collar to change its angular relation with the cam-shaft 103 and with relation to the other of said cam-lobes, while the collars are on the cam-shaft.

A clutch collar 172 is received over the shaft extension and is rotatively held thereto by means of the key 171. A nut 173 is received within the clutch collar and over the threaded end of the shaft extension, and clamps all of the collars and the side camlobes rigidly to the shaft. The complemental clutch-member 174 is movable endwise into engagement with the clutchcollar 172 (Figs. 1, 10 and 11).

Exemplifying the operation of ourinvention, Fig. 17 represents a table of operations for forming the piece of work 175 shown in Fig. 19. Column 177 is a column of operations to be performed. Column 17 8 is a column designating the tool feed per revolution calculated for each of the end tools. Column 179 is a column of number of revolutions calculated for each of the operations. Column 180 shows the an lar distances in hundredths or angular urations of the cam-lobes calculated for the Various operations includ, ing the dwell faces on the various cam-lobes, this column also including the angular spaces in hundredths for turret operations. Column 181 enumerates the depths of cut for the various tool operations of the end tools, designated-in thousandths of an inch. Column 182 designates the depths of cut and calculated angular distances for the tool operations of the side tools, the designations being bracketed about those end cutting operations during which the operations of the side-tools take place.

Assuming now that it'requires 27 revolutions of the spindle to index the turret, as per calculation in column 179, and that it is desired to index the turret in an angular movementof the composite cam of .05, each angular movement of .01 will equal 5.4 revolutions of the spindle, making a total of 540 revolutions of the spindle for one complete rotation of the composite cam, the proper speed change being made in the change'gears 110 to produce this result. It will be assumed further that cam-lobes in steps of angular distance of .05 only are available.

In selecting the proper cam-lobes in steps of .05 for the various tools, and greater numbers of revolutions being allowed for the cutting operations, such cam-lobes are selected as most closely approach the calculated angles set forth in column 180 which are of the next greater value to those given in such column. Thus a cam-lobe of .15 angle is selected for the box tool and dwell, which cam-lobe acts in the tool-cutting function during the number of revolutions of the spindle that 15 multiplied by 5.4 equals, namely 81 revolutions, being the number of revolutions designated in column 185.

In this tabulation, column 184 represents the resultant selected tool feeds per revolution; column 185 is a column of the number of revolutions of each of the operations during the angular movements of the cam-lobes selected, the selected angles of cam-lobes being found in column 186, which also includes the selected angles for feeding the stock and for turret indexings. The rise in thousandths of the cam-lobes in column 187 for each operation remains the same as the depth of cut designated in column 181, threading cam No.

4 hereinafter described being selected for pro- L ret indexing and dwell in the column 177 of operations to be performed.

Corresponding designations of operations of the end-slide are imposed on Fig. 20, which shows a face view of the selected standard cam-lobes and the relative positions of the same for forming the composite cam assembled to perform the various operations necessary to complete the piece of work shown in Fig. 19, by selection of cam-lobes from a set of cam-lobes, the angular distances of durations of whose cam-faces 123 are divided into steps of five hundredths (.05) and whose rises are divided into steps of twenty-five thousandths (.025) of an inch.

These cam-lobes are quickly assembled by selection from the series of standard camlobes and quickly placed upon the machine, and production of the repetitional work is quickly begun without the necessity of first forming an integral cam having thereon all of the cam surfaces necessary to form that particular piece of work, as has been the usual practice heretofore, with the chance, further, in the usual practice heretofore, if a mistake he made in any portion of the integral cam, that a new integral cam would have to be made, all at additional expense, which expense is prohibitive for the produc- 30 tion of work of this character in comparatively small numbers, but which work is economically and quickly performed by employment ofour invention.

As an example, it may be stated that by 35 providing our improved series of cam-lobes only in steps of five hundredths (.05) of angular differences, and in steps of rises having diiferences of twenty-five one-thousandths (.025) of aninch, all of the usual combinations of angular distancesor durations and rises or extents of movements of the tool may be provided for usual operations.

In the example stated, and referring to Figs. 13, 17 and 20, the bar to be cut is fed endwise in the hollow spindle against the stock-stop 191 in the turret, and clamped, the roller 57 coacting with the cam-lobe 192 shown in Fig. 20. The cam-lobe for stopping the stock has a contact-face which has no rilse and extends throughout the desired ane. g The turret is then automatically retracted and automatically indexed, that is, rotated one-sixth of a revolution during retracted 3 position of the turret for presenting the boxtool 193 to the work.

This box-tool cuts the annular rabbet 194-. on the piece of work, exemplified of brass, the roller 57 coacting with t e cam-lobe 195 C9 shown in Fig. 20. The box-tool is retracted, and the turret again indexed for bringing the next tool 196, which is a center drilling tool,

in line with the work.

- This centerdrilling tool drills a small cen- (5 tering hole 190 in the end 197 of the work,

the roller 57 coactin with the cam-lobe 198 shown in Fig. 20. T e turret is next indexed for causing register of the drill 199 on the turret with the work The turret is next caused to approach the work under coaction of the roller 57 with the cam-lobe 200 shown in Fig. 20, for drillin the hole 201 in the end of the workto a dept of three-eighths inch by employment of the drilling tool 199, this tool entering the centering hole' previously made. The drilling tool is withdrawn, the turret being indexed for presenting the next drilling tool 202 to the work, the tool entering the hole 201, the roller 57 coactin with the cam-lobe 203 shown in Fig. 20, for rilling the hole 205 to its depth of five-elghths inch.

Upon withdrawal of the last-named tool, the turret is again indexed for presenting the tapping tool 204 to the work for the urpose of threading the hole 201 'ust formed The forming tool 47 on t e front cross-slide 41, for formin the annular rabbets 211, 212, on the piece 0 work, is moved into the work by the cam-lobe 101, (see Fi 21), which moves the front cross-slide 41, t e front crossslide then being retracted. This operation takes place during the time that the cam-lobe 198 acts on the end-slide for the center drill ing operation, the next, indexing of the turret, the following coaction of the cam-lobe 200 with the end-slide for the initial drilling, the following turret indexing, and the coaction of the next cam-lobe 203 with the endslide for completion of the drilling.

The tapping tool204 on the end slide has just been presented to the work, as hereinbefore stated. The work is assumed to rotate at a speed of 4800 R. P. M. This speed being too hlgh for successful tap ing, rotation is imparted to the tapping too in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the work, by means of the bevel gears 213, 214,

(Fig. 13), operated in usual manner, for rotating the tap ing tool at one-half the speed of rotation of the work, namely, at 2400 R. P. M. The tapping tool advances into the work under influence of coaction of the roller 57 with the cam-lobe 215 shown in Fi 20. The rotation of the work is then stoppe that of the tapping tool, however, continuing, with the result that the ta ping tool follows the threads just made in t e piece of work, while the tapping tool is being withdrawn.

In this connection'it may be stated that it is preferable to employ a tapping tool which is floatingly mounted, for instance as exemplified in Fig. 13. This tapping tool comprises a hollow shank 219 provided with a flange 221. The shank is inserted in a bushing 220 fixed in the turret and rotates in this bushing. It is axially held in the bushing by the flan e 221 at its outer end, the inner end thereo having the bevel-gear 214 fixed thereto. A chuck 222 has the tap 204 fixed therein, the tap being inserted the desired depth to produce the desired taping cut. The chuck is provided with a stem 224reciprocating endwise in the bore of the shank 219. Guide-pins 225 are fixed tothe chuck and slide endwise in holes 226' in the hollow shank 219, for rotatively .holding the chuck to the hollow shank and permitting endwise movement of the chuck, so that, after the tap has entered the bored hole in the work and begun its threading, the movement of the tool is primarily controlled by the threading. For normally retracting the tapping chuck, the stem 224 has a spring 227 rece1ved thereabout, the spring being located in an enlargement 228 in the bore of the hollow shank 219. A nut 220 is threaded over the threaded end of the stem. The spring is lorated between said not and the shoulder at the inner end of the enlargement for urging the tapping tool inwardly. When the tappin tool has been withdrawn, rotation of the wor again begins, accomplished in usual manner.

The advancing of the tap is caused by coaction of the rise cam-face 230 of the cam-lobe 215, with the roller 57, durin the threading operation, and the tap is withdrawn for the unthreading operation during coaction'of the roller 57 with the fall cam-face 231 on the cam-lobe 215. l

The turret is next indexed, and the endslide is then advanced for again placing the stock-stop 191 in line with the stock to be fed.

During the last-named indexing of the turret and prior to beginning of the next feeding movement of the stock, the rear crossslide is advanced toward the work by means of the side cam-lobe 102, (see Fig. 22), and withdrawn out of range of the stock, the rear cross-slide being provided with the cuttingoff tool 48. i

The finished piece of work drops, and the next feeding movement is imparted to the bar of stock from which the pieces are being out immediately after retraction of the side cutting-oil tool 48 a sufficient distance to clear the stock. The end of the bar of stock is fed against the stock-stop 191, which, as just explained, has by the last indexing of the turret been again presented to the end of the stock, ready for repetition of the series of operations.

In the example stated, referring to Figs. 20, 21 and 22 and columns 186 and 188 of Fig. 17, it will be noted that cam-lobes only are employed of the series having differences inangular distances of five-hundredths (.05), and it will be noted from the memorandum made at the foot of columns 184 to 188 inclusive, that the time consumed for forming each piece is 6.75 seconds. At this speed each indexing of the turret takesplace, during an angular movement of the composite cam of .05.

It may be desired, however, as hereinbefore explained, to decrease the time in which to form each of the pieces, and to approximate more closely to the calculated data con tained in columns 178 to 182 inclusive. Assuming, therefore, that it is desired to form each 0 the pieces in 5 seconds, made possible by softness of stock being used or for other reason, and assuming further that cam-lobes having diiferences in angular distances of .05 only are available, the number of hundredths of angles required for indexing the turret contained in column 180 are taken as a basis, and the spindle having a speed of 4800 R. P. M., the spindle s eed in 5 seconds would be 400. Each hundre th angle therefore rep resents 4 revolutions and multipl ing the 7 i by 4 gives the result of 28 revo utions required for indexing the turret. It will be noted that the cam-lobes are so mounted that the angular distances between cam-lobes are divided into steps of .01 angles.

Cam-lobes in steps of .05 angles only being available, such cam-lobes are selected for the various cutting operations as most closely approach the calculated angles contained in column 180, using cam-lobes having steeper eripheral cam-faces where lighter cuts are eing taken and compensating that with camiobes having peripheral cam faces not so steep where heavier cuts are being taken, and dividing the angles ayailable among the various cutting operations accordingly. The selected tool feeds per revolution given in column 232 are the results of the selections of the angles and rises.

Selected tool-feeds per revolution, selected numbers of revolutions, selected angular distances, selected rises in thousandths, and data as to side cam-lobes, as designated in the

respective columns

232, 233, 234, 235 and 236, thus selected produce the desired result.

By the selection of cam-lobes arranged in diflerences of five-hundredths (.05) and designated in columns 234, 236, and providing an angular travel of seven-hundredths (.07) for turret indexing, a composite cam is assembled such as shown in Fig. 23, in which the cam-lobes are designated respectively by the

numerals

192, 242, 198, 200, 245 and 246. In this instance threading cam No. 2 hereinafter described is employed. This composite cam, similar to the composite cam shown in Fig. 20, is imposed on an angular scale showing the hundreddivisions of the circle. The operations corresponding to the operations in column 177 are also imposed on this figure.

The side cam-lobe 101 for the front crossslide 41 for side forming the work, shown in Fig. 21, and the side cam-lobe 102 shown in Fig. 22, for the rear crossslide 42 having the cutting-oil tool thereon, similarly arranged and timed as in the last preceding instance,

are employed in connection with the com- I posite end-cam shown in Fig. 23.

In' this instance, in order to save angular distance for operations, the an ul'ar distance of the dwellin face of the camobe for stockfe'ed, whichs ould be of thesame angular distance as the angular distance reserved for turret operation, which, at the speedof finishing each piece of work instanced, is .07

'piece' of ing the steps of angular distances 'lo es is reduced to .05, but the .07 is allowed, beginning with the zero mark on the scale on the end of the collar. This is permissible because the stock-bar fed b the stock feeding means will not have reached the dwell-face of the cam 192 for, stock-stop, until the initial angular movement of .02 will have been made, so

that the end of the stock ga g e the stock-stop.

he time, five seconds, for forming each work, is'noted at the bottoms of columns 232to236 inclusive. a The steps of difierences in angular distancesof the cam-lobes may be .still further sub-divided, for instance, by sub-divid of the caminto smgleone-hundredths. Assuming now that the same piece of work will properly on- 'is to be formed by employmentof the set of cam-lobes with such more minute subdivisions of one-hundredths, and that it should be desired to finish each piece of work in five seconds, each piece of work is formed durof .07, equalin ing 400 revolutions of the spindle and each in exing of the turret is an angular movement of I e composite cam '28 revolutions of the s indle. The angular istances are the same in this instance as the angular distances in the cal culation found in column 180. The selected tool-feed per-revolution, selected number of revolutions, selected angular distance in hundredths, rise in thousandths, and data-asto side cam-lobes, as designated in the ective columns 252, 253 254, 255, 256, will produce the desired result. Threading cam No. 2 hereinafter described is selected i611 the threading operation. 'By selection of cams lobes havmgthe an lar distances designated in column 254 an column 255, a composite cam is assembledas shown inFig. 26, this composite cambein imposed on an angular scale of one hund divisions in the circle, and this figure having the o erations'of column 177 imposed thereon. he cam-lobe's' in this fi are are desig- Y nated by the

reference numera s

261, 262, 263,

a v

264, 203 and 246. a a

A side cam-lobe 267, shown in Fig.27, for operating thefront cross-slide, similarly placed as in preceding instances, is employed in connection with the compositec'am shown in. Fig. 26. A side cam-lobe 268, shown in Fig. 28, is employed in the last instance for operating the rear toolslide' having the cut ofi' to'ol'mounted thereon.

' in Fig. 29, cam-lobes will erformed during 5.

the rises designated in e tabulation s These examples illustrate the adaptabilit of our invention to various conditions an exemplify its extreme flexibility.

A table of standardized camobes is shown in Fig. 29, in which the cams are indicated as divided into steps of angles of five hundredths (.05) in bolder numerals and as sub-divided into. an ular distances of ,one-hundredths (.01 in ighter numerals.

T e cam-lobes of various angular distances are divided into. steps of rises oftwenty five thousandths (.025) of an inch. The minor subdivisions of angular differences of.onehundredth (.01) may be continuous throughout the series or such portions of the series as, may be desired. We have omitted portions of the enumerations in Fi 29 on account of I lack of space. It is also to e understood that from their'axes of rotations ependent on the The tabulation s o s a column of angular size of machine em leied.

distances, a cross ii of designated rises,

1cc and columns of such designated rises comple-s.

mental to the various angular distances noted.

' The tabulation is divided into s aces 271 atthe crossing points of the crossines of angular'distances and vertical columns ofrises,

to designate the desired cam-lobes provided.

The spaces designatin sizes not needed are concelledby cross-mar the upper right hand'part of the ta ulation' 1 are so cross-marked. Cam-lobes of certain angular distances may also'extend throu houtonly a given series of rises and cam-lo es of certain rises may extend throughout only a iven series of an lar distances.

gh ws the camlobes which the user of the machine has on hand and the user will select the cam-lobe'on hand whlch a propriates most nearly the cam-face w ii'ch his calculation shows to be the proper cam-face, dependent on the character of "work. If the user desiresto use a cam-lobe having a rise.of one hundred and fifty thousandths .150.) of; an inch and an angular distance of twenty hundredths (.20),

usually expressed 150/20, he can readily see, by referring to the verticalcolunin, angular distances in the tabulation shown n Fig. 29, that he has a line of cam-lobes of the de sired angular distance, and by reference ,to

272 therein. Thus spaces in the lower left hand art and