US178797A - Improvement in processes of tempering glass - Google Patents
Improvement in processes of tempering glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US178797A US178797A US178797DA US178797A US 178797 A US178797 A US 178797A US 178797D A US178797D A US 178797DA US 178797 A US178797 A US 178797A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- processes
- glass
- tanks
- improvement
- tempering glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000588 Gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010022000 Influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
- C03B27/022—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being organic, e.g. an oil
Definitions
- N-PEI'ERs FHOTO-UTFUGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D. O.
- This invention relates to the construction of apparatus and to improvements in .that class of processes which have their analogies in the well-known modes of tempering steel by imeye view of a segment of said glory-hole, with the first and second bath'tanks in position, the operators chair, and the gas-escape flues'; and
- Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the bath-tanks and a broken section of the glory-hole.
- the glory-hole A requires no special description, as itis like others in general use. Springing out from it, for each pair of tanks, is an arm, a, that may otherwise form part of a crane. Pendent from this arm is a cord or chain, 1), for the elevation and depression of a basket, 0, of reticulated metal, or of woven wire, one end of the cord or chain being detained at d, near the operators hand, or convenient to an attendant.
- a flap-cover, e is designed to be let down upon the removal of the basket from the first tank, or at other times, to prevent the escape of gas, heat, or vapor from the tank f but when the cover a is closed, such gas, heat, or vapor ascends in the flue h to the dome i of the glory-hole, and thence passes out with the products of combustion through the smoke-stack k.
- the tank fis for tho first immersion in the process, and the tank 9 is for the second, as shall be fully explained.
- the chair B is of ordina- Iy construction, but is advantageously arranged, so as to afford working room for the operator and enable him to control all the operations in progress.
- Figs. 1 and 2 may be made of boiler-iron. Beneath them are constant fires, to keep in a molten condition a sufiicient quantity of caoutchouc, gutta-per'cha, lead, or other metal "01? alloy of metals, for the first immersion of the perfectly-formed object of glass manufacture. As soon as this is formed, and while yet red, it should be immersed in the molten materialin one of the tanks f.
- the articles of glass should be removed in the basket 0, previously sunk in tank f for this purpose, and promptly immersed in a cold bath of dead-oil ,(or carbolic acid)'in tank g, and after from two to five minutes it should be transferred to a vessel of cool or warmwater holding soap, or soda, or salt (chloride of sodium) in solution. In this it may bewashed and prepared for transportationor for storage.
- oils, grease, wax, resin, bitumen, or any substance liable to combustion, or to the rapid escape of heat, or to free vaporization is incompatible with this process, which requires substances that meltonly at a comparatively high temperature, and which press closely upon the glass, protecting it from sudden. chilling while yielding to such pressure.
- the whole body of the glass instead of merely the surface, as in other processes, is thus solidified and hence a superficial cut or scratch cannot occasion a separation of the whole plate or body, as in glass not condensed in all its parts.
- the proper arrangement of the immersiontanks is: the first bath nearest to the gloryhole, and the second without, in such manner that a line radial from the axis of the gloryhole shallpass through the pillars of the same,
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
H. O'NEILL.
PROCESS OF 'TEMPE'BING GLASS.
Patented June 13, 1876.
N-PEI'ERs, FHOTO-UTFUGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D. O.
HUG-H ONE1-LL,OF EnsEY CITY, n. J., ASSIGNOR or ONE-THIRD HIS RIGHT PATENT OEFIcE TOv SAMUEL T. WILLIAMS, OF PRINCE GEORGES QQUNTY, MD.
IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES OF TEMPERING GLASS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. [78,797. dated J nne 13, 1876; application filed February 16, 1876.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HUGH ONEILL, of J ersey City, in the State of New Jersey, have invented an Improved Process of Tempering Glass, of which the following is a specifica tion:
This invention relates to the construction of apparatus and to improvements in .that class of processes which have their analogies in the well-known modes of tempering steel by imeye view of a segment of said glory-hole, with the first and second bath'tanks in position, the operators chair, and the gas-escape flues'; and
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the bath-tanks and a broken section of the glory-hole.
The glory-hole A requires no special description, as itis like others in general use. Springing out from it, for each pair of tanks, is an arm, a, that may otherwise form part of a crane. Pendent from this arm is a cord or chain, 1), for the elevation and depression of a basket, 0, of reticulated metal, or of woven wire, one end of the cord or chain being detained at d, near the operators hand, or convenient to an attendant. A flap-cover, e, is designed to be let down upon the removal of the basket from the first tank, or at other times, to prevent the escape of gas, heat, or vapor from the tank f but when the cover a is closed, such gas, heat, or vapor ascends in the flue h to the dome i of the glory-hole, and thence passes out with the products of combustion through the smoke-stack k. The tank fis for tho first immersion in the process, and the tank 9 is for the second, as shall be fully explained. The chair B is of ordina- Iy construction, but is advantageously arranged, so as to afford working room for the operator and enable him to control all the operations in progress. The surrounding tanks,
forming the inner circle in Figs. 1 and 2, may be made of boiler-iron. Beneath them are constant fires, to keep in a molten condition a sufiicient quantity of caoutchouc, gutta-per'cha, lead, or other metal "01? alloy of metals, for the first immersion of the perfectly-formed object of glass manufacture. As soon as this is formed, and while yet red, it should be immersed in the molten materialin one of the tanks f. After remaining there five seconds or five minutes, at the option of the operator, the articles of glass should be removed in the basket 0, previously sunk in tank f for this purpose, and promptly immersed in a cold bath of dead-oil ,(or carbolic acid)'in tank g, and after from two to five minutes it should be transferred to a vessel of cool or warmwater holding soap, or soda, or salt (chloride of sodium) in solution. In this it may bewashed and prepared for transportationor for storage.
The use of oils, grease, wax, resin, bitumen, or any substance liable to combustion, or to the rapid escape of heat, or to free vaporization, is incompatible with this process, which requires substances that meltonly at a comparatively high temperature, and which press closely upon the glass, protecting it from sudden. chilling while yielding to such pressure. The whole body of the glass, instead of merely the surface, as in other processes, is thus solidified and hence a superficial cut or scratch cannot occasion a separation of the whole plate or body, as in glass not condensed in all its parts.
With respect to the degree of heat to which the caoutchouc, gutta-percha, or metal shall be raised for the first immersion, common experience will prove a sufficient guide to those skilled in the art, who never remelt the glassin this operation. From this maximum down to atemperature that will barely melt the most yielding of these substances,is the range of discretion in the premises.
The proper arrangement of the immersiontanks is: the first bath nearest to the gloryhole, and the second without, in such manner that a line radial from the axis of the gloryhole shallpass through the pillars of the same,
and through the axes of the first and second tanks exterior thereto. e
What I claim is a LThe arrangement of the first immersiontanks in relation to the g10ry-h01e,substan' tiaily as described.
2. The arrangement of the first and second tanks in relationto the gl0ry-h0le, substantiaily as described.
3. The arrangement of the pperators chairs in relation to the glory-hole and the first series of immersion-tanks, substantially as described.
4. The arrangement of the suspended basket tanks;substantially as described; i t
in relation Mao the furnace and surrounding i 5. The arrangement of the covers in relatien to theglory-hole and surrounding tanks; sub
stantially as described.
6. Imlnersing in a bath of yearbol ie acid glass that has been first immersed in heated bath.
HUGH ONEILL. Witnesses; a t d THOMAS C. OQNNOLLY, JAMES REYNOLDS.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US178797A true US178797A (en) | 1876-06-13 |
Family
ID=2248204
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US178797D Expired - Lifetime US178797A (en) | Improvement in processes of tempering glass |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US178797A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3451797A (en) * | 1966-04-12 | 1969-06-24 | Max Meth | Method of tempering glass |
| US3768992A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-10-30 | American Optical Corp | Toughening of ophthalmic lens blanks |
| DE102020004809A1 (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-10 | Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena | Method of manufacturing a toughened glass element |
-
0
- US US178797D patent/US178797A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3451797A (en) * | 1966-04-12 | 1969-06-24 | Max Meth | Method of tempering glass |
| US3768992A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-10-30 | American Optical Corp | Toughening of ophthalmic lens blanks |
| DE102020004809A1 (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-10 | Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena | Method of manufacturing a toughened glass element |
| WO2022028636A1 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-10 | Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena | Method for producing a tempered glass element |
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