US178201A - sulzer-g - Google Patents

Description

Y BSheets-Sheet-l.

H. & A. SULZER &. I. R.. ERNST. VALVE-GEAR FR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES.

N0 178,Z01 Patented May 30,1876.

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5.5. Viton/5.501# A N. PETERS. PHoTo-LITMOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON. 1:1 C.

`CzSheets-Sheetz. Y H. 2a A. S'ULZER.` & J. R. ERNST.

VALVE-GEAR EOE Mo'TIvE Pow-EE ENGINES. No.178,201.. Patented May 30,1876.V

l' fM N.PETERS, PHOTOALITHOGRAFHER, WASHINGTQN, n. Cf

SSheets-Sheet 3. H. & A. SULZER & J. R. ERNST. VALVE-GEAR FOR MOTIVE 0WER ENGINES. No. 178.201.

Patented May 30,1876.

N.PTERS. FHOTD-LITHOGHAPHER, WASHINGTON. EJv c.

UNITED AND JEAN RononPHn `nnnsrggoii*` WINTERTHUR, SWITZERLAND;

Specification formingpart of Letters Patent No. 178,20'lydatedMay 30, 1876; application filed f March 21, 1876.4

l To" alli whomfzt may :concerns Beiit i knownz that wes` HENRI Simzna, AL-i BERT SULZER, and JEANfR-onoLPHnEaivsT, engineersyof` Winterthur, Switzerland, have invented certainf new@ andiuseful Improvementsfin `Motive-Power" 4Enginesyof vvhiclrt'he` fllotving-y is. vafwfull, clear;` andi exact descr-ip` tional The fundamental principles; `which underlies oniinventionimayvbc;statedgas: follows Supposefthehandleveriorfscrewwhich, by'lnieansf of?Linterlmediziryl pieces;l acts: uponI al mechani-y ismitotchange ort reversey ;the^:movement of .a1`

motor; (butfiespeciallly al; steam-engine with;

valves of the kind hereinafterfreferred `to-,1) in that the engine: `can-1 f be operatedto. advance:

or Ito 1 back without `regardto :the cuto' mech?` anismr; 121nd,?A tocut iot," :it isa-onlynecessaryi to:V pushthe leven; beyond the positiens.` be bf to-Wardzai. i Between-'theposi-tions band lrth ere isi` nol actioni of` the` #cutroft' upoir theqdistribue tion of steam,y while between-i the; .pointsf. aV bf the laction takes placewhenatlieenginesis pro--` videdwith anfautomaticf regulator,- inwwh-ich case; the regulator must lbe arranged between theirst element of connection of theilever` witlrth'e cutoff andthe: cutoff vitself.`

The'fconnectiorrof the reversing-:lever with the mechanism; which effects changesroff the cut-ofi' may 'be eected in` accordance withi our in'ventionin: dilferent ways; but, according to the necessary.displacement ofthe connect,A

of the cut-011' 4, Figs. 1 and I2, Sheet l, we may distinguish threefdiiferent kinds ofjarrangements, which werwould indicate as fol- 1ows,f-\(A B `being the l entire courseof` 4 z) 1 ;First, minimum admissions forwardgaud back- ;ward are situatedonthe same side. (Seedia- ,gram 001.),1 The cutoff can beeffected forward and` backward. i without: the necessity` of the1 a gsameipointson the side A corresponding with 4lthe,sameldegrees tot? admissions The A` move a ment `of `et is; in a, direction perpendicular.` te, a the movement of the,V `lever relatively to the.Y

screw. (SeezFigsl and-2,Sheet1 lz) SBGQlld, (the minimum.admissionstlbr; thea forward :l movement `are, situated at oneextremity of A B, whi leithoseoif ythe backward m06ment :are (See-` dia-l,

situated upon the otherextremity gramf. w21) T -hie cut-off 1maybe effected both forward and backward, asin the preceding finstance, and in; thiswcasev the movement :of isdn-a.direction.-` parallel to,` the. move? mentA ofthe ,leven relativelyytoh the i screw.

And, third, the cut-off is effected in butl one direction-for instan ce, `-when going ford ward,whi1efto `back nopcut-voff is ,employed-1 (See diag-ram ma.) In this casethemm'ement :of 4ris1in: a--directiom-oblique to fthe movemente'oithelever relatively toithe screw. The first modeghereinbefore indicated-f will b eem- `ployed `mostiirequently,ifi-it be desiredto. makeA thefconnection;between Vthe reversinglever.: and- 4c inthe simplest manner-that is' to: say, `by aasimple connecting-rod, 3.

Inftheftwo examples, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, a corresponds to the minimumadmission,

both brtlieforward-and backward movement;

b/tothe `full admission;,andc to the stop` Connection is e'ected by means of a conncctf ing-rod, 3, ,for which mechanical' eeuiivalentsmaybe'substitutedsuch as-cams, eccentrics, Atappets:` with springs,&c. a Sheet `20E the drawingsfrepresents anrillustrationlof` the application of this apparatus arranged witlnreference-c to` small, vertical, onecylinder engines, particularly adapted for screw-propellers an arrangement Whichfz is `convenient and sat'e whenthe engineer hasto `work two `such engines as; are generally used for-twin propellers.

The. two valves in the steamchest are operated by a singleeccentric orcrank, and the connecting-link ll is united With'the connect-` ing-rod 2 by means of abolt, 10, which de-` scribes an arc of. a circle, m n, inclinedl on one side for the forward motion, and on the other side for the backward mot-ion, according to the position of the reversinglever.

The distributing slide-valve in the steamchest receives its movement from the bolt or pin 9, and the cut-off valve from the bolt or pin 10 by means of a link, 5, and the slide 6, (which turns around the fixed point 7,) and the connecting-rod 8, as shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1.- The` elbow-lever 4 is operated kby the connectin'grod 3. It is the same with the connecting-rod 8 in the slide just referred to, the result ofwhich is, that the course of the cut-off valve isvariable and can be reduced to zero. Thus, for either going forward or backward, ,the minimum admission corre- "'sponds to the maximum course of the cut-off valve, and also to the extreme positions of the reversing-lever l. It is immaterial if the position of the distributing-valve is changed a little in moving the lever from a to b, Fig. 2, Sheet l, as generally maximum admissions are only used in changing the action of the engine when smaller openings are even desirable.

This simple apparatus, that can ,be applied to every kind of distributingvalve, oit'ers the same conveniences to the engineer, requiring no other attention than that which is necessary for an ordinary change of direction with a simple slide-valve in steamboat-engines, locomotives, &c.

In regard to locomotives, we may say that by means of our mechanism any kind of special apparatus can be used for the expansion of steam. v The combination will always be very simple, although the form may change according to the movement used to operate the cut-off.,

Movement of distribution fori engines with lifting or slide naine, with on without reversing movement-This movement of distribution is supposed to be applied only to steam-engines having lifting-valves; but it can as conveniently be applied to dat vor'round slide-valves, if the opening of the admission apparatus is operated by the mechanism of distribution, and is closed automatically.

To be brief we will, however, connue our explanation to lifting-valves having double seats.

In Fig. Y, Sheet l, A represents a slide, forming a part of a lever or rod connected directly or indirectly with the lifting-valve of admission, and B represents a sliding sector, which we call a carrier, the motion of which is always directed by the motion of the distributing-valve, and the path of which is in the form of endless curves of different forms. The valve is opened in the direction shown in the drawings, and it is closed automatically in the opposite direction when thecarrier B has left A. It has been customary for the carrier B to describe ellipses by means of a single eccentric, the rod of which is guided in a straight line at its upper part. The regulator causes the slide A to advance more or less in rapidly.

i the direction x x1, and in this manner changes the admission.y

The principles of our new movcment,'by means of which a change of direction canv be produced, are as follows:

First, the path of the carrier B produces endless curves, heart-shaped, resulting'i'roin is advancing and the lever used to change the direction is' in the corresponding position, the carrier B will advance in the direction z z. It is the same when the engine is backing and the lever is in the position back.77 But `in rgiving; the counter-pressure-that is to say, in

reversing rapidly the lever while the engine is yet progressing-the movement of the carrier is in the direction z z.

Third, in changing the cutoff, either withA or without regulator, the entire curve described by the carrier will be changed in the direction x @c1-Viz., w x1 in diminishing, and :v1 .n in auginenting the admission, while A does not move in that direction.

- Fourth, the form of the curve z z will always i be chosen so that the' velocity of B while touching A will not be too great; but from that point the velocity of B must increase very Having this quality, our new distributer can be applied at a high Velocity, and thus diminish the inevitable shocks produced by the sudden admission of steam, without risking any losses of pressure.

Fifth, the part z z of the curve must always be of such length that, even for the minimum admissions, the carrier B will be in ,contact with a great portion of the surface of A, so that small variations in the displacement of the curve will correspond with small variations in the admission, and this is necessary, particularly in working with feeble admissions.

`Sixth, the carrier B touches A, not'onl-y as a cam, but the contact of the surfaces is always absolutely exact, so as to obviate entirely the wear of the sliding surfaces.

Seventh, when using a regulator, the resistl ance to be overcome will be reduced to the minimum. Y

Eighth, theV lifting-valves are closed by means of springs, and the shocks produced by theircoming in contact with their seats are reduced by an air-compressing piston. f

Ninth, when Aoperating on engines that are to be worked in either direction, we always use'the mechanism described in the first part of our specification.

From What-we have said above, it will be understood that no escape will. take place between the positions h b, Figs. 1 and 2Sheet 1, 4andthe engi neerl-will* beffable@ to 11 start-urea` verse rapidly, increasenthelzp'ower, 815e., lwitlil` out therisk of awshoclr` ojt'` BagainstfA, even when *B is describingv4 the'curve5 z in the opposite direction; but yet,=in:machinesfthatz are to be reversed,weapply the safety-sprin gs c, Fig. Z, Sheet] `,`.-topresstheicarrier B against theextremity E of-thedrodD,andbperate upon it in the direction zum, so thatv the connection will be permanent enough to sustain-Min any case the result of the friction of B upon A. If B should produceva? shocliragainst'A, the spring would be useful; but such a shock could happen only if the engineer should pass rapidly beyond the position opposite b, Figs. 1 and 2 of Sheet 1, and loperate on the cut-off, whichwould be against all reason when asndden reversal is desired.

From the above it will be understood that our system of lever or of screw can be combined in all manners, so as to be applied, for example, to horizontal mining-engines with regulator and change'of movement, to ma rine engines, to vertical, mining, or marine engines, to inclined engines, to slide-valves of horizontal engines without regulator and without change of movement, and, moreover, with a sector to the valves of horizontal engines with a regulator, but without change of movement.

In Sheet 3 is shown the combination of the distributing-valves of horizontal mining-engines with regulator andchange of movement.

Distribution with change of movement.- To operate this engine an eccentric, 12, is keyed to themain shaft, or to a shaft used specially for the movement of the distributingvalves. The pin 10 on the "extension of the eccentric (or on its rod) operates in a slide, 13, movable around its'axis. The arc m n is inclined to the one side to move forward,

and rto the other side to move backward,L

and when near the center of the shaft it is in position for stop. Starting from g, the rod 14 oscillates a shaft, 17, and taking advantage of the arcs described by the journals 19 (upon the levers 18) we act uponthe opening valves.

In Fig". Z', Sheet 3, iffL L indicate the direction of the rod 20 in its middle position, the

extremity of 2O advances from cl to c and returns, wllile the admission valve remains closed-viz., during the return of the piston. The rod 20, having arrived close to d, begins to open the admission-valve. At e it passes the dead-center, and at g the valve must be open to attain full admission, while the journal 19 is moving tof, and resumes its return.

When the parts are of proper relative dimensions this opening movement will fulfill all necessary conditions. This movement can be reversed by means of the slide-viz., to move forward (the lever being in forward position) the journal 19 advances from the deadcenter e toward fand returns, and to back (also, the lever being in the back position.) When counterpressure is given the journal 1 9 advances in the sam'e-Yinannerto thedead-center e in the direc- ;tioni o'f-c." For thisreason the curve zz. will then be reversed,uaslshown innFig. Y, Sheetl; but

gwe will state here that many other systems lofreversing can be used, as `Well f as theA one wefhave describedabove.

The rod 20 is united to the lever 21, which 1 regulatesv thel openingfof the valve, by means Qof'thefcarrierB and the lever 22; Irierdoesnotescape betweenl the positionsy b. and .bl of `the ,reversing-lever, Figsl and 2, Sheet f1, theqcut-oi l will 3 operate only 4accord- If the careV ing to `the dead-center e of the point d, and according to the proportions of the rod of the eccentric, audit will be found to correspond ordinarily to an admission of from seventyve to ninety per cent.

The displacing movement can be taken from the eccentric 12 in a direction perpendicular to a line passing through the center of the axle, the eccentric, and the middle ofthe slide 13. (In Plate 3 we have employed a separate crank for the displacing movement.) We transmit this movement to the carrier B by means of the rod 5 and lever' 6, the latter being often angular. Generally the position of the lever 6 will not be stationary; but it will be regulated either `by the reversing mechanism (rod '3) or by the regulator. It is clear that this lever 6 can be inthe form of Y tion on the other will regulate the opening of the valve back. 1n the same manner the shaft 17 can be used to open the exhaustvalves, either directly or by means of cams.

We have only to explain that in the Sheet 3 the eccentric is replaced by a crank attached to the extremity of the shaft of distribution,

making as many revolutions as the engine.

The displacing-shaft 7 is mounted upon two levers, 49. keyed to the axle 48, and it will `be raised or lowered according to the degree of the admission. I ngthis special case that we have supposed to be a twin enginethe two axles 48 are connected by the rods-50, the levers 51, and an axle, 52. The regulator acts upon this last axle so long as the position of the reversing-lever and the rod 3 allows it.

As the connection of 3 with 53 is not stationary, but movable, as indicated in Sheet 3,

a full admission can be given when the regulator requires it, even in the farthest positions of the reversingxlever. If, besides this, the

reverse rapidly the direction of the motion of the engine. This advantage is very important in mining-engines, thus giving them an entire security of action.

Having described our` invention, what We claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

ln combination with the distributing-valve and the cut-off mechanism, the hand-lever orscrew connected with the same, and arranged and operating substantially in the manner set forth, both to start, stop, or change the movement of the engine, and t-o regulate the cntoff, substantially as described. Y'

In testimony whereof We have signed our names tol this specification before two subscribingfwitnesses.

HENRI SULZER. ALBERT SULZER. JEAN RODOLPHE ERNST.

Witnesses:

S. H. M. BYERs, FRD. G, VETTERS.

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