US1780803A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 4, 1930. J. VAN ACKEREN 1,780,803

COKING RETORT OVEN Original File ad July 31, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet, l

SECTION A-A Nov. 4, 1930. J. VAN ACKEREN 1,780,803

coxme RETORT OVEN I Original Filed July 31, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet, 2

555 mm C-l: W W

Nov. 4, 1930. J. VAN ACKEREN 1,780,803

* COKING RETORT OVEN Original Filed July 31, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet. 5

Patented Nov. 4, .1930

imit-"stares PATENT orricE JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIeNoR To THE i'rorrn'ns COMPANY, or PITTSBURGH, rENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION" or PENNSYLVANIA ooKiNenE'ron'r OVEN Application filed July 31, .1923, Serial 'separate'horizontal lines, each horizontal flue need communicate With only part, in the present instance only about one-half, of the total number of flame flues. By this conf struction there is brought about a proportionate reduction in the volume of flow which must bemaintained through the horizontal flue and a resultantdecrease in the size of the horizontal flue. This reduction in size of the horizontalflues has an important advantage that it enables a considerable thickening and strengthening of the walls of the oven structure in the region of the horizontal flues. Moreover, theimproved flue COIlStIUCtlOIl permits an increase in theheight of the upper flame fiues, with a corresponding increase in the height of the coking chambersso that the latter maybe made narrower in width,

a development greatly facilitating the coking v of high volatile coals, and yet the increase-c volume of combustion products is taken care of, without making it necessary to enlarge the horizontal flue dimensions to sizes incon Sistent with adequate strength of the wall construction in the horizontal. flue region.

The flue construction of the invention is furthermore or great importance in oven batteries fired with.extraneouslyderived gas, such as producer gas, which results in an increased Volume of combustion products, for the reason that adequate flue spaces must be provided to collect and feed tothe downflow operating flame flues this increased voltime. The invention prov des adequate accommodation to suohincreased volume ofv combustion products without introducing an 7 "Figurel is across.

No. e54,e75.., Renewed March. 27, e'eolI In addition tothe objects recited above, the nvention comprehends a novelregener ator construction and system of flow therethrough and through the dues, promoting uniformity of distribution, and has 'forother objects such other improvements-or advantages in construction or operation asiarie I 'found to obtain in the structures and devic'e's' hereinafter described or claimed. 7 I I v In the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, and showing, for purposes or exempliflcation, apreferred form and manner in which the invention maylible embodied and practiced, but Without limiting the claimed invention to suchillustrative instance or nstances:

'se vertical Section v element ofweak ness into the wall structure;

through a coke oven battery'embodying'fea tures above specified and equippedwith the improvements i of the present v invention, the viewbeing taken longitudinally through; a heating wall and a ,pairot connected regenerators'in planes indicated by the line AA ofFigQ; g is a composite vertical sectional elevation taken longitudinally ofacoke oven Figure? 2 battery, in planes indicatedby, the lines B-B and Cf C OITFig. '1; f x f a ll. v Figure 8; is horizonta section taken in the plan'e indicated by the line D:D, 'ot Fig. 2; Figure t is anotherhorizontal section taken in the plane indicated bythe line E E of In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the invention is incorporated ina combination coke oven battery, i. e., a battery hav-' ing provision for beingv fired alternatively with an eXtraneously derived, relatively lean gas, such as producer gas, or'with a relatively rich gas, such as cokeoven gas. For convenience, the presentdescriptionwill be con 7 finedtothepresent illustrated e nbodiment of the invention in'such a combination oven battery, certain features of the, invention may be applied to other structures, for eX-f-j ample, to ordinary so-called ,colieovkens fired with coke oven gas, or ordinaryjso-called v sa vensf fire wlthjp ce g lh n e the liiivention is not confined in its scope, exe

' Leo embodiment herein described cept as hereinafter claimed, to the combination oven, nor to the specific use and specific as an illustrative example.

The byproduct coke oven battery shown in the drawings includesv the structural feature of a plurality of crosswise elongated spaced heating walls 11, 11, which provide intermediate crosswise elongated coking chambers'or 'retorts 112,12 of the. horizontal chamber oven tyjpeza Supporting walls-1'3, 13 extend crosswise of the battery and,'according to the pres- 1 ent embodiment of the invention, are located both beneath the heating walls 11 and the coking'c'hambers "1 2. Th ese supporting walls collectively form the main-support for the entire" superstruoture or the battery and are themselvessupported upon aflat mat or f platform. which constitutes. the sub-foundation upon whichthe entire battery rests.

' Thecoal to'be poked-is charged intolthe coking chambers, 12 through charging. holes f j1l45'locate'd in the top 15 ofthe battery and "heating wall 11 is positioned directly above the respective cok- 1 g chambers as shown in Fig. 2. These charging holes lt are equipped with the usual removable covers forclosing the tops of the coking; chambers during the coking or dis-' tillingof the coal." The evolved gases and distillation products are discharged from the tops of the respective coking chambers 7 through the usual gas outlets (not shown) and thence through ascension pipes;,( not shown) finto the usual gas collecting main,- through which the gases and distillation products paratus. iv .e vIHeat for coking the charges of coal" in the pass to the by pro duct recovery apseveral coking .ch'ambers;12 is derived from. the crosswise heating walls 11, which form; .theside wallsof, the vcoking chambers. Each provided with [vertical Referring more partzcularlyto the flame -flues 17 each heating wallare "disposed into. the two main groupsM and N corresponding 'tdthe respective horizontal flues gw'ith whichfsaidgroups communicate. Each main group offiameflues; M or N, 'isdivided;

intosub-groups of fines Oand P, in accordance with the'direction of flowof the heating "gases through the fines; When the flame luesof theitwo groups'Q ofeach heating wall areioperating'for' inflow, i, e; combustiomthe flame flues of the twogroups P are operating 1 for outflow; ife. discharge of the combustion 7 products; Assh'o'wn'in Fig; l, thetwo groups "Qofflame fluesmayjbetermed outside groups ncethyiare' disposed nearer to the'si de walls of; the "battery?structure; whereas the ,two o "g oups? of flame n s m y' e m side 7 "ba h groups, being located in the interior of the t y Stru ture- ,1. Itti outside r fer t f'har groupsof fiues operate jcor c'ur:

"other: reversa b y ostered. n the rege'n erators is imp a-r'ted'to the medium, wh ch passes through the regenera'-' b H side group gin-'onejdlrection, for example,

for inflow while both inside groups P are 13.'Located in'the middle lengthwise vertical plane ofthe battery, ave calpartition 19, as shown in Fig. 1,'whifch ends from the mat of the battery to the hammer theout lying coking chamber or heating wall and interconnectsthe supporting walls13. The

regeneratois which are respectively located on opposite sides, of the battery, extend inwardly to the partition 19 and are separated thereby,'aszclearly shown inliig.l, This arrangement permits control from opposite sides of thebattery of the flow through the .regener ators, thereby assi -iting thenovel flue arrangement in promoting uniformity, of

distribution; Each reg enerator-lSis a oham- 1 her containing the checkerbrick 2G, with a distributing sole channel 21 underneath and communicating withthecheckerbricka', Daring alternate outflowfrever sal periods, the

.regenerators are heated by thehoticombustio'n products from the fiame flues andpdur ing thief '7 periods, l the :heatljso L oo' invention; the sever-ah regenerators, taken 1 longitudinally of the batteryi' farelgrouped; into the alternate airs R correspondingwith andloperating forjflowin the same direction I as anou tside' groupoffiues O or one heating} wall 'andlan insidelgroup of flu'es' P1 of one or ;the adj acen't; fheatiiig .fwalls jand v into ;intermediate pairs S of regeneratorscorrespondheating wall and an o'utsidegroup or": fines O "or one ofthe ad'acentheatin walls lVith' this QOIlStlllCtlOfl, each regeneratorror pair of regen'erators which operate sin'iilarly as :to flowas connected with an outside grou of fines O 'of one heating wall andnan inside group of fiuesP, ofoneoftheadjacent heatingwalls. The heating. walls are V,grorpfed into the alternate walls T andintermediate .wa ils,

fines O of'thealternate heatingTwalls'T are operating for inflow; the outs de groups 0 heintermediate"heatin walls Ufare 0 (r tor outflow. etthis tnnethe'in ide grorps otfiues-P of the alternat would be opcra ting for outflow 'ahc the inmg with-andoperating tor flowinth'e same directionasan ins de:gro'u'p offlues P of one of the battery, the inflow 're'generators and corresponding, groupsbf fines are switched to outflow, and the outflow groups; of lines and regenerators are switched-to inflowroperation. I

a Each regenerator is provided with two series of ducts 23 and 24: of which the-outside series of ducts leads to and connects the re- 1 generator with the corresponding outside group of flame flues O of one heating wall and the, inside series of ducts 24 leads to and connects the regenerator :with the inside group of fines P of an adjacent heating wall. 1 his novel :arrangementof the ductconnections between the regenerators and the lines of the heating walls permits'each main group M or N of flame fines, with its cominunicably connected regenera-tors, to be operated accordingto the regenerative reversal -p'rincipleindependently of the other main group offlues of the same heating wall, and thus permits the employmentof as'man'y horizontal or'bus fines as there are nain groups of combustion lines in any heatingwall 'ot the battery. Moreover, the hereinbefore described duct connections between regenerators and flame flues permit operation ofthe battery jalterna 'tively with a relatively rich gas, such as colie oven gas, or with a preheated relatively lean eXtraneously derived; gas, such as producer gas, according to the combination oven principle, a a V v Each' flame line 17 of each heating wall has at its top a port or opening 25 for draft and the passage of combustion productsor waste gases. These ports 25' connect the flame fines 17 with the horizontal or bus flues 26 located in the heating walls above the flame hues and corresponding tothe main; groups M' and N of the several heating walls. ;Il1ere are in" each heating wall, accordingto the present embodiment of-the in'vention tw'o .of the'se horizontal fines 25 arranged in end.-

wlse relation to each other and respectively iii serving approximately one-half of the flame flues of the heating wall. Itshould be noted that a sub-group O or Pa'of flame fines com-' "prises appro'ximatelyone-half of the main group, or about one-fourth of the total number of fines ofthe heating wall. On account of the division of the "flow above the-flame lines into a pluralityof-horizontal flues 26, the individual horizontal-fines are not required to be of so great capacity as that nec-' .essary inthe known practice employingthe single horizontal flue. Consequently. the cross-sectional area of each horizontal flue 25 maybe materially reduced proportion ately withthe reduced number "of connected flame fines, with the result that thethickness and strength of the heating walls ar'feisub- ,stantiall increased in the re ionof thehori- V y a t: .7

.z'ontal. fines. H Moreover, because of the fact that the necessity :for redistribution of the flow between the horizontallflues and flame flues is confined to'a reduced number of flame fines, in the present instance only about onehalfiof the total number of flame flues in the heating wall, uniformity in distribution of r the flow between Iflame lines and regenerators the outside groups and the: channels 30 the lines of the inside groups P. These channels respectively communicateby gas ducts 31 with their corresponding flame flues.

Within the several "ducts 31- are located the, usual nozzles '32. The supply offcoke oven gas to the respective channels and may be derived from coke oven gas mains ofthe usual type which extend longitudinallyat the opposite sides of the battery. Suitable mechanism is provided for controllingi the supply of fuel gasto the channels 29xand 30, as required-by battery operation. :When firing the battery with extraneously derived lean gas, such" as producer gas, all the'channels 29 and 30 arecut off from the coke oven gas supply. Assuming that the alternate pairs- R of 'regenerators and that the outside groups 0 "of the alternateiheating, walls .1 and the inside groups. P of-the intermediate heating walls U are operating for inflow, and that thelintermediate pairs S of regenerators and the'inside 'groups P of thealternate heating walls T and outside groups 0 of the intermediate heatingwa'lls;

U are operating for outflow, a supply of pro- 'duc'er :gas is permitted to vuflow into one regenerator G of each alternatewpair Passing throughw-sald regenerators G, the

producer gas is preheated beforebein'g, de-

liverediinto the burning fla'me flues During the lnflow of producer gas through such regenerators G, inflow of air is maintained rin the other 'regenerators A of; thealterna'te,

palrs R. The air passingupwardlythrough the regenerators A finally enters the burning flame flues tosu'pport the combustion of the producer gas that is delivered thereto by the regenerators G. During theinflow through the regenerators Rand the connected flameflues, the waste gas fromthe horizontal tlu'es 26 and the outflow operating groups .ol' flues is flowingthrough both regenerat'ors of the connected intermediate pair's S,- sothat'sai d a regenerators S: operate as waste gas regenerators W. On reversal ofthe flowythe inflow operating regenerat-ors *becoinelout- 'In operatingthe battery with coke oven;

I gas; the supply of producer gas to regener- 'atoi's G is shut oif and air is permitted to flow into such 'regenerators in place of the tained in such of the channels 29 and 30 which feed the upburning'flues;, "The revers- 1 erators 1n communication with the outer air and concurrently all of theoutflow' operat flues; a pair of horizontal 'flues in eachheating mechanism is operated ateach reversal] to place; all .ofthe inflow loperating: regen ing regenerators inj'communication with the -exhaust.',.

, a plural ty-of coklng chambers heatlng walls contlguous to such coking chambersand respectlvely comprising vertical combustion The invention as hereinabove. set forth 1 is embodied 1n a particular forin of construction, but may bezlva'riously embodied Wlllhlll' theiscope of the claims hereinafter ma de. @--I claim: Y

* 1; In a coke oven battery, in combination:

fluesi; a'pair of horizontalfilues in each heating-wall and respectively connecting approXimatelyo-ne-half of the combustion flues of their-respective heating wau eaeh group of combustionflues "so connected by :hori- "zontal. flues being constituted; of an outside sub-group for flow one "direction and an inside sub-group for flow in the op'positeidi' motion; and crosswiseregenerators grouped in pairs in respect oftheu gas'iflow," withthe v alternate "pairs *operatingior inflowwhile "the? intermediateipairs *oprate for outflow,

eachi regenerator being-connected b'y duct V ymeans'with an outsidesub-group'bffl-uesof one heating wall and an inside-"subgroup of fl'uesof one ofthe next adjacent heating; $7 I c ing flow connection with a pairof regenera5, tors through which'flow'may be maintained walls, and each subgroup of said 'flues havin ithe samefdirection in one as in ,the othe'r extraneously derive flt'hereo'f, the inflow regenerators being jointly operable forconveying airto the ifiues or separately operable for conveying air a'ndan I f gas? substantially as Specified. 7 1

'2'. Ina'coke oven battery; in, combination:

"a plur'ality'of coking'chambers lieating walls contiguous to such coking, chambers and respectively comprising vertical combustion 1 'flues; a pairoffhorizontalfluesin each heat- L tal flues being constituted of an outside sul'- 1 group-for flow-in one-direction and an inside *sub-group for flow in thel oppositedirection;

ing wall and respectively connecting approximately onehalfo'f the combustion fines of their respective heating f walls, each group 1 of combustion 'flues' so connected horizon} and crosswise regenerat'ors grouped in pairs {in resp ectf of the gas flow, with the alternate V pair's operating for-inflow while the inter- .7 mediate" pairs operate for outflow, eachre- I generator being connectedby duct means' with an outside subgroup offlueso'f one heating wall and an inside sub-group; offiues of one of the next adjacent heating-walls, and

each sub-group of said -flues having flow connection with a pair of regenerators through j 3; In a coke oven battery,incoinbin'ation:

a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such cokingi'chambers and-respectivelycomprising. Vertical combustion ing wall and respectively connecting approximately one-h a-lf of the combustion flu'es of their respectiveheating walls, each group tal 'fiues'being constituted of an outside subgroup forflow in onedirection and an inside subgroup for flowin the opposite dlrectlon; 1

and regenerators grouped in pairs-in-respect of combustion fines so connected by horizonof the gas flow, with the alternate pairs operatingfor inflow while the intermediate pairs operate for outflow, ea'chiregenerator being connected bygdu'ct means with an outside subgroup'of flues of'one heating-wall and an in side subgroup of 'fluesfo'fgone of the nextad- 'jacent heatingwallsyand 'each sub groupro'f saidfines havinggflow connectionwith a pairof regenerators through which flow may be r A maintained'in the same direction in one as in the other thereof, the inflow regenerators being j'ointly operablefor conveying airito the fines or separately" operable for conveying I air an dfan 'extr aneously derived gas ;s'ubs tantiallyas specified A. 111 a coke oven batterv, in combination:

a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls *contiguousto'such coking chambers and respectively comprisingvertical combustion 'flues; apair of horizontalflues ineach heatingwall and'respectively connecting approxi l 'mately one-half of the} 'combustion flues of their respective heating walls; each' group of v combustion flues so connected by horizontal 'flues being constituted of an outsidesub' group for flow in one 'direction and an inside sub group for flow in the'o osite direction; and

regenerators grouped in pairs in respect of the'gas flow; withathealternate pairs iop'er' ating for inflow whilethe intermediate pairs operate'for outflow; each regeneratorbein'g connected byduct means with an outside sub-group of 'flues'of one heatingwall and! e an inside subgroupoffiues'ofone of the neXt Z adjacent heating walls, and'eachsub-group of i said flues'having flow connection with "a pair of fregenerators" through which-flow maybe mainta'ined in the same direction inane asin the other'thereof; substantially assp ecifiedf l 5. In'a coke' oven battery, incombination'zf V e a 'pluraltiyvof coking chambers; fheating "walls contiguous to such coking? chambers '1 a c and respectivelycOmpriSingSVertical1coInbus tionflues disposed into main grou s a plurality of horizontal flues in each heating wall and respectively connecting the combustion flues of each of said main groups, each group of combustion flues so connected by horizontal flues being constituted of an outside sub-group for flow in one direction and an inside sub-group for flow in the oppo-f site direction; and crosswise regenerators grouped in pair inrespect of the glass flow, with the alternate pairs operating for inflow while the intermediate pairs operate for outflow, each regenerator being connected by duct means with an outside sub-group of flues of one heating wall and an inside sub-group of flues of one of the next adjacent heating walls, and each sub-group of said flues having flow connection. with a pair of regenerators through which flow may be maintained in the same direction in one as in the other thereof, the inflow regenerators being jointly operable for conveying air to the flues or separately operable for conveying air and an extraneously derived gas; substantially as specified.

6. In a coke oven battery, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively comprising vertical combustion flues disposed into main groups;

a plurality of horizontal flues in each heating wall and respectively connecting the combustion flues of each of said main groups, each group of combustion flues so connected by horizontal flues being constituted of an outside sub-group for flow in one direction and an inside sub-group for flow in the opposite direction; and crosswise regenerators grouped in pairs in respect of the gas flow, with the alternate pairs operating for inflow while the intermediate pairs operate for outflow, each regenerator being connected by duct means with an outside sub-group of flues of one heating wall and an inside sub-group of flues of one of the neXt adjacent heating walls, and each sub-group of said flues having flow connection with a pair of regenerators through which flow may be maintained in the same direction in one as in the other thereof; substantially as specified.

7. In a coke oven battery, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively comprising vertical combustion flues disposed into main groups; a plurality of horizontal flues in each heating wall and respectively connecting'the combustion flues of each of said main groups, each group of combustion flues so connected by horizontal flues being constituted of an outside sub-group for flow in one direction and an inside sub-group for flow in the opposite direction; and regenerators grouped in pairs in respect of the gas flow, with the alternate pairs operating for inflow while the intermediate pairs operate for outflow,

each regeaaator being, a m tted 15y d af inea'nswith an outsides'ub-group'offlues of,

one heating wall and aninsideub-grttp of flues of one of the nezita'djac'entrh eatingf walls, and each sub group offsaid' fl'ues'h'a ing flow connection with a pair of regenerators through which flow may be maintained'iii the same 'di're'eti'oiiin one as in the other thereof; substantially as specified.

8. In a coke oven battery, in combina tion: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking cham-v bers and respectively comprising vertical combustion flues; a pair of horizontal flues 'in each heating wall and respectively connecting approximately one-half of the combustion flues of their respective heating an outside sub-group of flues of one heating wall and an inside sub-group of flues of one of the next adjacent heating walls; substantially as specified.

9. A coke oven battery having side by side coke chambers with intermediate heating walls, characterized by heating walls individually comprising both inflow groups and outflow groups of combustion flues, with bus flues connecting inflow groups with outflow groups, in combination with pairsofregenerators of which both regenerators of a pair are communicably connected in parallel with the same combustion flues, each such pair of regenerators being individual to a group of flues of each heating wall on opposite sides of an intervening coking chamber connected for flow in the same direction; substantially as specified.

10. A coke oven battery having side by side coking chambers with intermediate heating walls, characterized by heating walls individually having at least two groups of inflow flues and at least two groups of outflow flues, with a bus flue connecting an inflow group with an outflowgroup,combined with pairs of inflow and outflow regenerators, each such pair of regenerators being connected with a similarly operating group of flues of each of the two heating walls on the opposite sides of an intervening coking chamber; substantially as specified.

11. In a coke oven battery, in combination: a plurality of coking chambers; heat ing walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively comprislng combustion flues in groups; bus flues 1n the heating walls respectively connecting the comb ustion flues of each of said groups, each group of combustion flues so connected by a bus flow in one direction and another sub-group,

each ether; substantially 'as. specified.

foi Outflow 111' the opposite direction, the in-, flow and outflow sub-groups 'in adjacent heating Walls being Staggered with respect to JOSEPH VA AC RENQ

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