US1772396A

US1772396A - Aeroplane

Info

Publication number: US1772396A
Application number: US412204A
Authority: US
Inventors: Kertesz Frank
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: BEACON ACQUISITION Corp
Priority date: 1929-12-06
Filing date: 1929-12-06
Publication date: 1930-08-05
Anticipated expiration: 1947-08-05

Description

Aug. 5, 1930. F. KERTES Z 1,772,396

AERQPLANE I Filed D60. 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY Aug. 5 1930.

F. KERTESZ 1,772,396

AERQPLANE Figled Dec. 6, 1929 7 Sheets Sheet 2 ATTORNEY Aug. 5, 1930. F. KERTESZ 1,772,396

AEROPLANE Filed Dec. 6, 1929 77 Sheets-Sheet ATTORNEY F. KERTESZ AEROPLANE Aug. 5, 1930.

7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. 6, 1929 ATTORNEY Aug. 5, 1930. E I 1:772396 AEROPLANE Filed D60. 6; I 1929 7 Sheets -Sheet 5 F-. KERTESZ AEROPLANE ATTORNEY Aug. 5, 1930. F. KERTESZ AEROPLANE Filed Dec. 6, 1929 .7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Patented 5, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT} OFFICE MK KER'IEBZ, OF PO'I'TSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA.

AEROPLANE Application med December 6, 1529. Serial no. 412,204.

rearward vertically arranged rudders and forward and rearward pairs of horizontally arranged rudders, each pair of rudders being driven by a'power plant, with means for controlling the pitch of the blades of the propellers to enable the plane to move vertically and horizontally.

This invention also consists in certain other features of construction and in the combination and arrangement of the several parts, to be hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and specifically pointed out in the appended claims. g

In describing the inventionin detail, reference will be had to the accompanying drawings wherein like characters denote like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, and in which Figure 1 is an elevationof the improved craft, with parts broken away.

Figure 21s a top plan view thereof.

Figure 3 is a front view.

Figure 4 is a section on line 44 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a section on line 5--5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a section on line of Figure 4.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary plan view of one of the vertical propellers and its associated parts. 7 Figure 8 is a section on line 8--8 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a section on line 9-9 of Figure 8.

Figure 10 is anend view ofone of the clutch members.

Figure llis a partial view of one of" the propellers, showing the ribbed face of the holders for ,the blades thereof.

Figure 12 is an edge view of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a section on line 13-13 of Figure 12.

Figure 14 is a view of the ribbed face of the member to which the holders of the blades are pivoted. I

Figure 15 is a section on line 1515 of Flgure 7.

Figure 16 is a detail sectional view showing one of the covering means used to cover the exposed parts.

Figure 17 is a detail sectional view showing how a power plant is supported.v

Figure 18 is a view of one of the levers.

,In these drawings, the letter A indicates the fuselage of the craft, which is provided with the landing wheels 1, the windows 2 and the doors 3. The tail part of the fuselage carries the usual vertical and horizontal rud ders 4 and a wing 5 is suitably attached to the fuselage in spaced relation from the top thereof, as shown in Figures 1 and 3. Four transverse supports 6 are suitably attached to the top of the fuselage .and project beyond the sides of the same, two of these supports being arranged under the side edges of the wings, with another support arranged adjacent the front end of the fuselage and the fourth support arranged adjacent the rear end thereof.

A power plant and its housings are sup ported by the right hand ends of the mlddle supports, as shown generally at 7, and a similar power plant assembly is supported by the left hand ends of the middle supports, as

shown at 8. Each power plant assembly includes a shaft 9 driven from the power plant and. having a-hub 10 at each. end thereof which is formed with a head 11 at its outer end, the outer face of each head having a plurality of ridged ribs 12 thereon, the grooves ,formed by the ribs receiving the ridged ribs 13 formed on the pair of holders 14 to each of which a propeller blade 15 is attached by the bolts 16. The ribs of the two holders 14 are pivotally connected with the ribs of the head by a pin 17 passing through the centers of the ribs so that the two holders are supported for rocking movement on the head and thus the pitch of the propeller blades can be varied. A link 18 is pivoted to each holder and these links extend through the notches 19 arranged at opposite sides of the head 11 and are pivoted to opposite sides of the flange of a sliding cap-20 on the hub 10 of the shaft 9.

A rod 21 is slidably arranged in each bearing part 22 of the power plant assemblies and the hub 23 of a fork 24 is fastened to the outer end of the rod, the fork engaging a groove 25 in the member 20, so that when the rod 21 is moved inwardly, the fork will move the member 20 in the same direction and thus the links 18 will be caused to tilt the propeller blade holders on their pivots 17 to change the pitch of the blades.

A shaft 26 is journaled on each middle support 6 and has an arm 27 at each .end thereof which is connected by a link 28 with a projection 29 on the hub 23, so that when the shaft 26 is rocked, the member 20 and its associated parts will be slid in one direction or the other to change the tilt of the blades. The rear shaft 26 is connected by a link 30 with a hand lever 31 arranged in the fuselage, so that by manipulating this hand lever, the blades of the rear vertical propellers can have their .pitch changed The front shaft 26 is attached by the connections 32 to a lever 33, so that by manipulating this lever, the pitch of the blades of the forward vertical propellers'can be varied. As will be seen, the same power plant operates a forward propeller and a rearward propeller.

A power plant assembly, shown'generally at 34, is supported by the end supporting members 6 and the shafts 35 of these assemblies are connected by the beveled gears 36 with the vertical shafts 37 which drive the horizontal propellers 38, one of which is arranged at each end of each forward and rearward supporting member 6. The blades of each propeller are connected in the same mannor with the heads of the shafts, as before described, so that the blades can havo th eir pitch changed and the forks 39 for shifting the members 20' of each pair of propellers 38 are connected by the links 40v with the arms 41 on a shaft 42, the shaft 42 for the front set of propellers being attached by the connections 43 with a hand lever 44, while the shaft 42 for the rear set of propellers is attached by the connections 45 with a hand lever ,6 so that by manipulating these hand levers 44 and 46, the pitch of the blades of the propellers 38 can be changed, as before described. I

'prefer to place the levers 44 and 46 close together, so that they can be manipulated by one hand, when desired.

The gears 36 are enclosed by thehousings 47 and all exposed parts are covered by canvas or the like, as shown at 48 in Figure 16. The supports for the motor assemblies are connected together at their inner ends by the trough-shaped parts 49, as shown in Figure 17, so that portions of the motors extend into the trough-shaped member.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided two pairs of vertical propellers and two pairs ofhorizontalpropellers, the propellers being arranged at the sides of the fuselage, with the wing 5 arranged on a plane which is substantially the same as the plane of the top of the circular path of the vertical propellers, as shown in Figure 1. Each pair of propellers is driven from one power plant-and the pitch ofthe forward pair of vertical propellers is controlled from a single lever, thepitch of the rear pair of vertical propellers being controlled from anhorizontal propellers being controlled by a third lever and a fourth lever controllin the pitch of the blades of the rear pair of orizontal propellers.

When the pilot wishes to takeoff, all the propeller blades should be placed in neutral position. Then the four motors are started. After the propellers reach a high speed, the lever 31 is moved back with the right hand and the lever 33 moved forwardly with the left 'hand. These actions will place the blades of the forward vertical propellers 15 in a position where they will tend to move the craft forwardly and the two rear propellers 15 will be tending to move the craft rearwardly. Thus the craft is prevented from moving either forwardly or rearwardly and the air from the four propellers is compressed and forced up under the wing, which tends to lift the craft. Then the two levers 44 and 46 are pulled backwardly at the'same time, which will move the horizontal propellers 38 into operative position, and these propellers will move the craft upwardly. If the craft does not move upwardly on an even keel, the blades of the propellers38 can be adjusted by the hand levers so that the uneven pull can be adjusted, so that the craft will assume an even keel as it moves upwardly. When the craft reaches the desired height, the control stick is grasped by the left hand and the lever 31 by the right hand and then said lever 31 is moved forwardly a certain distance to reverse the blades of the rear propellers 15 so that these propellers 'will act with the front propellers 15 to drive the craft forwardly. The machine will now' levers 44 and 46 and pushes such levers forwardly until all four lifting propellers 38- are in neutral position. The craft-now 1s traveling forwardly and allthe pilot has to do is'to tend to hisregular controls. It is preferable to have all four lifting propellers rotate at high speeds atall times in neutral position because in this position, they give the machine a greater liftingcapacity and balance it better without hindering its flight.

When the plane is flying at high speed, the two motors operating the lifting propellers can be reduced in speedto save fuel, but

- they should never be stopped entirely. When it is desired to land the craft, the propellers '15 are set as in rising so that they will work against each other and drive the air under the wing and the lifting propellers are set.

at such a pitch as to permit the craft to move downwardly slowly and thus land without damage. When in flight and it is desired to fly at lowspeed, the rear propellers 15 can I be set so that they will pull backwardly can learn to fly easier with this improved aeroplane than with the old type because the learner has more time to think and it is-not necessary to travel at high speed.

Each of the levers 31, 33, 44 and 46 is preferably arranged as shown in Figure 18.

Gas and oil tanks 50 are located at the bottom of the fuselage. A vacuum tank 52 is located at the centerof the wing, as shown in Figure 1, and acts to distribute the gas from the gas tank to the motors.

It is thou'ght'from the foregoing description that the advantages and -novel features of the invention will be readily apparent.

It is to be understood that changes may be made in the construction and in the combination and arrangement of the several parts, provided that [such changes fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is 1. An aeroplane comprising a fuselage, a wing connected with the fuselage above the same and spacedtherefrom,supportingmeans extending laterally from the sides of the fuselage at the top thereof, a pair of lifting propellers at each end of the front supporting means, a pair of lifting propellers at each end of the rear supporting means, front and. 'rear vertically arranged propellers supported from the ends of the middle supporting means, power means for driving each pair of propellers and means for changing the pitch of the propeller blades whereby the plane can be caused to move vertically and horizontally.

*. 2. An aeroplane comprising a fuselage. a

wing connected with and supported above the fuselage, four transverse supports connected with the top of the fuselage, a lifting propeller at each end of-each of the front and rear supporting means, a longitudinally extending shaft supported at each end of the middle supporting means, a propeller, at each end of each shaft, said propellers being vertically arranged, a power plant for driving each shaft, a power plant for driving each pair of lifting propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the pitch of the blades of each pair of lifting propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the pitch of the forward driving propellers and manuallyoperated means for adjusting the pitch of the rearward driving propellers.

3. An aeroplane comprising a fuselage, a

wing connected with and suported above the fuselage, four transverse supports connected with the top of the fuselage, a lifting propeller at each end of each of the front and rear supporting means, a longitudinally extending shaft supported at each end of the middle supporting means, a propeller at each end of each shaft, said propellers being vertically arranged, a power plant for driving. I

each shaft, a power plant for driving each pair of lifting propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the pitch of the blades of each pair of lifting propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the pitch of the forward driving propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the pitch of the rearward driving propellers, each of such means including a hand lever arranged in the fuselage, with the hand levers which control the pitch of the blades of the liftingpropellers arranged close together so that they canbe manipulated by one hand, when desired.

4. An aeroplane'comprising a number of I lifting propellers, a pair of'forward driving propellers, a pair of rearwardly driving propellers, power means for driving the propellers and means for adjusting the pitch of the blades of each propeller, such means comprising a ribbed head on the end of each propeller shaft, said ribs being ridged, a pair of blade holders for the blades of each propeller, ridged ribs on each holder, the ribs on the holders fitting between the ribs on the head, a central pivot pin passing. through the ribs for pivotally connecting the holders with the head, a sliding member on the shaft, links connecting opposite sides of the sliding member with opposite sides of the holders, whereby sliding movement of the member will cause the holders to pivot on the head and manually operated means for moving the sliding members.

5. An aeroplane comprising a fuselage, a wing supported from and above the fuselage, a pair of transverse supporting members connected with the top of the fuselage and arranged under the front and side edges of the wing, a power plant assembly longitudinally arranged and supported at each endof said pair of supporting members, said assembly including a shaft, a propeller on each end of each shaft, whereby the two propellers on each shaft are driven from the power plant, a transversely arranged supporting member adjacent the front" of the fuselage, a similar member arranged adjacent the rear of the fuselage, a power plant assembly carried by each supporting member, each assembly including a shaft, a vertical shaft at each end of each front and rear supporting member, gears connecting the vertical shafts with the power plant shafts, a horizontal propeller driven from each vertical shaft, manually operated means for adjusting the blades of each pair of horizontal propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the blades of the forward driving propellers and manually operated means for adjusting the blades of the rearward driving propellers.

6. Anaeroplane comprising a fuselage, a wing supported from and above the fuselage, a pair of transverse supporting members connected with the top of the fuselage and arranged under the front and side edges of the wing, a power plant assembly longitudinally on each shaft are driven from the power plant, a transversely arranged support ng member adjacent the front of the fuselage, a similar member arranged adjacent the rear of the fuselage, a power plant assembly carried by each supporting member, each assembly including a shaft, a vertical shaft ateach end of each front and rear supporting member, gears connecting the vertical shafts with the power plant shafts, a horizontal propeller driven from each vertical shaft, manually operated means for adjustin the blades of each pair of horizontal prope lers, manually operated means for adjusting the blades of the forward driving propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the blades of the rearward driving propellers, horizontal and vertical rudders at the rear end of the fuselage, means for controlling the same from the interior of the fuselage, tanks in the bottom of the fuselage for oil and gas, a vacuum tank connected with the under part of the wing for distributing gas rom the gas tank to the motors and covering means for those parts of the device which are exposed.

In testimony whereof I affix mysignature.

FRANK KERTESZ.

arranged and supported at each end of said pair of supporting members, said assembly including a shaft, a propeller on each end of each shaft, whereby the two propellers on each shaft are driven from the power plant, a transversely. arranged supporting member adjacent the front of the fuselage, a similar member arranged adjacent the rear of the fuselage, a power plant assembly carried by each supporting member, each assembly including a shaft, a vertical shaft at each end of each front and rear supporting member,

gears connecting the vertical shafts with the power plant shafts, a horizontal propellerdriven from each vertical shaft, manually operated means for adjusting the blades of each pair of horizontal propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the blades of the forward driving propellers, manually operated means for adjusting the blades of the rearward driving propellers, horizontal and vertical rudders at the rear end of the fuselage and means for controlling the same from the interior of the fuselage.

7. An aeroplane comprising a fusela e, a.

wing supported from and above the fuse age,

a pair of transverse supporting members connected with the top of the fuselageand arranged under the front and side edges of the wing, a power plant assembly longitudinally arranged and supported at each end of said pair of supporting members, said assembly including a shaft, a propeller at each'end of each shaft, whereby the two propellers