US1769365A - Signaling system - Google Patents

Description

July 1, 1930. w. 1. BECA'OURI SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed J y 7. 1922 Patented July 1, 193Q v UNITED STATES OFFICE 'wLA Mm IWANOW'ITSQH nncnonnr, onrnrnoennn, Rossini,

SIGNALING sYsrEM Application filed July 7, 1922, Serial No."57 3,439, and in Germany' October 12, 1921.

the malefactors however cunning, to para lyze the working of the signaling by methods other than a direct damage, is nullified, even should the malefactorsknow in detail the general construction and the distinguishingparticularities of the entire system or of the parts it is composed of and should they possess precise reproductions ofthese parts.

According to-the inventiontwo synchronized mechanisms are used, the electric connections between which are provided insuch a manner that any disturbance will interrupt the relation. One of" the mechanisms I is placed in the protected premises, the other in some safe place ata certain distance from the first. In the safe pla'ce'is also provided a in the protected premise. I This member and the first mechanism control the circuit of an electro-magnet which, when disturbances occur, produces the operation of the signal.

The synchronized mechanisms are arranged to run in practical aperiodical manner, so that even ill-intended attempts based upon an ex-. act knowledge of the details ofthe device will be without success.

tioned attempts, one of the essentialpecularities of the system consistsv in such an arrangement of the protected premises that all. attempts intendedto force, perforate Ior melt the partitions of the depository,'will destroy the electric connection between the synchronic mechanism and, consequently start the working of the apparatus. 1

Finally, the apparatus is arranged to produce an alarm in case of the exhausting of the the alarm notwithstanding the most crafty member controlled by the mechanism placed Should one fear the possibility of ill-inten working battery,damage to'the electric bell, stoppage of the clockworkwhicl'i controls the working of the synchronical mechanismsand, generally, each time that some irregularity.

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As to the attacheddrawings, Fig.1 represents the general scheme of the system, Figs. 1 and 1? 'showdetailsof Figure 1;

Fig. 2 a'variation in theexecuting of one of the parts of the synchronized mechanisms;

1 Figure 3 is a plan view ofthe electromag netic mechanisms connected-t0 the time .0011- trolledswitch, and 1 Y Figure 4 is a detail perspective view'of the time controlled auxiliary device for starting the alarm when the mainbattery fails. c

The Roman numeral '1 demonstrates the inaccessible locality where, as shown in the illustrated example, is :situat'ed 'oneaof the synchronical mechanisms together withthe signaling device. r c y 1 I II designates the protected locality, for instance a safe.

The axles 1 and 30 are moved through a ro- 7. tating motion of. equal angular velocity produced by any mechanism of well. known construction." In the illustratediexample .the driving" mechanism consists ofaj battery (primary or; secondary) A, ayclo'ckwork '10 and two electro-magnets 13 and 33 connected by twoelectric wires 11 and-'12, the first of} which 11', hassupplementary devices furjtherdescribed. I i 1 c The clockwork-1O serves to interrupt pe: 85 riodically the'circuitx'of the battery A with which the electromagnets 13 and 33 are connected; in parallel. The electromagnets serveto drivethe synchronous mechanisms.-

On axle 1 are mounted two discs 2 and?) 9. provided with teeth or peripherical projections 4 and 5. The teeth of each disc are allof different.circumferential lengths and areseparated by the. intervals 4 and 5 which are" also of various lengths but the dimensions and dispositions of'the teeth on both discs are co-ordinated according to a definite law, as will be explained further. Onax le 30,11 the protected locality is mounted only one disc 34, with teeth or .peripherical proj eQ iQnS, m0

occurs in the normal working of the appara- 4 i 31 and intervals 31. The disposition of teeth and intervals is co-ordinated in a definite manner with the disposition of the teeth 4 and 5 on the discs 2 and 3.

A second battery B controls the electric'bell 14. One of the terminals of this battery is connected by the conductor 15 with the boss of a lever having fingers 6, 8 adjusted on its axle of rotation, from which it is electrically insulated and is capable of being attracted by the electro-magnet 7. The other terminal of this battery B is connected by the conductor 16 with theaxle of rotation 17 of the'lever with two arms 18 which are disposed in a horizontal position in which this lever, by the insulated extremity of one ofits arms effects the closing of'the contact 19 connected by the conductor 23, the winding of the electromagnet 21 and the conductor 24 with the finger 9, which is yieldably pressed against the axle 1 or the boss of the disc 2, 3.

- The other terminal of the battery B is connected with the right handcontact screw of the bell 14 by the conductor 26-and the con tact 19 19 which may be closed by means of an arm '19 of the lever 18. v In the position shown the lever 18 rests against the armature 22 and the contact 19 19 is open. I

At the moment illustrated by the drawing the circuit of the battery B is broken near the discs 2 and 3,'as neither of the branches 6 and 8 touch the corresponding disc.

T he arm 6 is arranged in the same plane as the disc 2 and the arm 8 in the same plane as the disc 3, so that each branch is-only co-operatingwith one-of the discs'and can never make contact with the other. The arms 6, 8 are parts of an armature controlled by the periodically operated electro-magnet"? in such a manner that at the release of the armature the arm 8 meets an interval of the disc 3 and is retracted bythe electro-magnet before it may make contact with the next tooth 5. The same is true for the arm 6 in the attracted position of the armature. Conta'ctbetween one of the arms and a tooth of the corresponding disc occurs only-when the synchronism 1s disturbed. WVhen the closing of the circuit takes place at this point (and this must happen without fail) at every damage or change in the electric connection between the syne chronous mechanisms 1 and 30), the electromagnet 21 is'energized and attracts the armature 22 on which reposes the long left arm of the lever18, so that the latter, influenced by its weight or by a spring, swings on its axle 17 to the left, which produces the closing of the contact 19 and of the contact 20, simultaneously with the breaking of the contact 19. The electric bell 14 is switched on to the circuit of the battery Band the signal, once released, continues its running even after they cause which started it (damage'or change of the electric connection) is eliminated. The switching off of the electric bell or any other lever 18 is released and moves downwardly,

'whereby it connects the battery B with the bell 14 through conductor 16 over 17, 19 20, bell'b'ack thr0ugh19 19 19 and conductor 26.

The synchronous mechanisms Iand'II are principally intended'to produce the closing of the circuit ofthe signal by any disturbance occasioning an irregularity in the synchronous running of these mechanisms. This is obtained with the help of an electro-magnet 7 whichacts on the armaturearms '6, 8 and is fed by the battery G connected by the conductor. 27 with the finger 36 bearing onthe axle 30 or the boss of the disc 34. The second conductor 28 connects the, .electro-magnet -7 with the inner layer 38 of the packingof the protected locality and by means of this layer and of the'conductor 39, with the contact dog 35 which, X at certain moments, (during the passing of the teeth 31 of the disc 34) closes the circuit of the electro-magnet 7 and in this way produces the attracting of its armature. These moments of the closing ofthe circuit are calculated in. such a manner that the attraction of the armature is produced before the extremity of the arm 8 touches the tooth of the disc 3 which approaches this extremity, and at the very moment when the arm 6, which isiturned simultaneously with the arm 8, enters the interval 4 of the disc 2. When the tooth 31'of the disc 34 touches the contact dog 35, the extremity of the arm 8, attracted by the electro-magnet '7, lets the tooth 5 of the disc 3 pass, whilst the extremity of the arms 6 will be placed in the intervals 4. In these conditions neither of the arms touches the corresponding disc; consequently the circuit of the electro-magnet 21 will continue to be broken and the electric bell 14 will not be rung. This play of the arms 6, 8 repeats itself as long as the synchronous rotation of the mechanisms 1 and 30 continues to take place. But as soon as one of the conductors 11 and 12 which connect the synchronous mechanisms, or one of the conductors 27 and 28 of theelectro-magnet 7 is damaged, one of the arms 6 or 8 makes contact with one of the teeth of discs 2,3, wherebyinfallibly the closing of the circuit of the electro-magnet 21 is the elect-ro-magnet 21 has been excited the.

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produced and consequently the ringing of the battery A stops, whilst the disc 2, 3 whose working circuit (battery A, coils 13, contact 10 and battery A) is intact,'continues its rotation because the coils 13, 33 are connected in-parallel in the circuit of battery A; this will disarrange thev synchronism of the. axles 1 and 30, the circuit of the electro-magnet. 21 will be closed by the disc v3 because of the contact of its tooth 5 with the arm 8 or by the disc 2, owing to the contact of its tooth with the other'arm 6.. In case of damage to one. of the conductors 27 and 28 the same result is obtained, in spite of the synchronous rota-..

factor, by shunting an apparatus similar to.

the mechanism 30-34 into the conductors 11', 12 and 27 and 28, wish to obtain the possibility of breaking the electric connectionbetween the protectedlocality D and signaling apparatus I to the right of the place of shunting he would have not only to possess a mechanism reproducing in detail and in a precise manner the mechanism 3034 switched off in this way, but also to know definitely. the phase of'the period at the moment when the switching offis effected. As such a shunting could notbe made instantaneously whilst to prevent the closing of the circuit of the electro-magnet21 the precise duplication of the phasesof the apparatus. is absolutely necessary-all attempts of this sort must fail :completely, even should the number of the-teeth on the discs 2, 3 and 34 be small. The projections 31 of the disc 34 (and, consequently too the projections 5 of the disc 3) are in general of very small breadth, for diminishingthe duration of contact between the pro ectlons 31 of the disc 34 and the contact dog 35,

whereby all ill intended attempts are made more difficult. I I

It is moreover possible byintroducing; a complication; in the arrangement of the synchronous. mechanism to render more diflicult still for the malefactors the preceding studying of the apparatus or to make absolutely a, impossible the connecting in of an auxiliary mechanism 'shortcircu'iting the mechanism 30-34, even supposing a-perfect knowledge of the arrangement; Fig. 2, taken as an example, represents a disc 37, destined to replace the disc 34. The disc 37 has a recess in which is arranged a smaller auxiliary disc 49 in the samelevel as disc 37 on the axle32 which is parallel to axle 30. This auxiliary disc 49 is rotatable around itsaxle and can.

' take part on the rotation of disc 37 for axle 32 is-in fixed relation to disc 37 by means of a frame connected with thelatter. The teeth as: well as the grooves oflthe auxiliary disc 49 are difierentfromeach other, and in the proximity of thecircumference pins 40 are arranged which are vertical in respect to the disc surface and are equally distributed thereon. On the frame, supporting the whole is the pawl 48, which movement is limited by pins. This pawl is so dimensioned that its.

free end cutsthe circlethe radius of which i is equal to the distance from the center of the axle 30 to the center of the pin which is farthest from the axle 30 and lies in the line connecting the centers of the axles 30 and 32. The auxiliary disc 49 can only rotate in the direction, of the arrow Z for the blocking system 41, 42 avoids the rotation in an opposite direction. .In case disc 37 rotates in the direction of the arrow at and the auxiliary disc 49 approaches pawl 48,.the pin 1 lying in the prolongation of the line connecting the centers of the axles 30 and .32 will be caught by pawl '48. The pin can therefore not rotate further with disc 37.

rection until released.': It will be released after disc 37 has turned so far further that the distance from the center of the axle 32 to the end of the pawl 48 is greater than the radius for the pins 40. The pawl 48 causes in this manner a rotation of disc-49 in the direction of the arrow 2 around axle 32, and" instead of tooth 45 the tooth 46 will enter into the cut-outbetween teeth 43 and 4.4 of'disc 37. This actionrepeats after a complete ro- The pin will be forced downwardly in radial'ditation of disc 37 and tooth 47 takes the place 7 of tooth 46.'.This change continues with each complete rotation of the disc 37. As the teeth of the disc 49 are of different breadth and readjust themselves "at each turn on the circumference of the disc 37,

the circumferential configuration of this disc changes after eachturn made byit. It

is therefore evident that when replacing the:

combined disc 34 by the combined disc 37, 49 it is necessary to provide the discs 2 and 3 with auxiliary corresponding discs, similar to the. disc49, these auxiliary discs producing in the outer configuration of the discs'2 and 3 variations like those of the disc 37.

Instead of only one auxiliary disc49, one could use two or a greater number of discs to render still more diflicult for the malefactor the solving of this .problem.

When a short circuit is made in the plates 50 and 38, and wire 12 connects the wire '12.

with the wire28, closing the following circuit from the battery B through conductors 15, 29 and 28' to plate 38, to plate 50,-con

ductors 12,, 12, 25 and 24 to coils 21,.and

thence through wire 23 and contacts 19 back to battery B. This attracts the armature 22 and causes'the alarm 14 to be sounded.

I In order that the electric bell should likewise be started in case of damage or exhaustion of the battery A, while the clockwork 10 still continues to run, the following device may be provided. Two cams 87, 88 (Fig. 3) are adjusted at an angle of 180 to the axle 10 ot'the clockwork 10 or to another axle whose motion depends on the latter. During the normal working of all the parts of the apparatus the axles 10 and 1 turn with the same angular velocity, so that both pairsot cams cannot come into contact. On the contrary, when the synchronous mechanism stops becauseof the damage to the battery A, the axle 1 stops too, while the axle 10 of the clockwork continues its rotating motion; therefore the cams 87 and 88 touch the cams 89 and 90 and the axle 10, being connected with the conductor 15 by the wire 81 (Fig. 1) an electric circuit is established (positive terminal of the battery B, contact 19, electromagnet 21, axle 10, axle 1, wire 81 and the negative terminal of the battery B) which starts the ringing of the electric bell 14 in the above mentioned way.

The electro-magnets 13, 33 are connected in parallel in the circuit of the battery A. Each of these electro-magnets is driving one of the synchronous mechanisms I, II, when their circuit is closed by means of the clockwork 10. r

The left arm of the lever 18 may be provided (Fig. 1) with a supplementary branch whose extremity 74 produces the closing of the circuit 75, 76 of the battery E of the auxiliary electric bell 77 when this lever leaves its horizontal position of rest being deprived of the support represented by the armature 22.. In this manner, simultaneous- 1y with the principal electric bell 14, the auxiliary electric bell 77 may be used to give a push to the brake lever 80 which produces the starting of the ordinary spring bell 58.

The electric bell 77 may also be arranged in such away that its ringing will not depend on the exactitude of the working of the magnet 21 and of the switch 74. For this purpose one may fasten on the axle ofthe arms 6, 8 similar arms insulated in relation to the first (these auxiliary arms arenot shown on the drawing), and working simultaneously with it and according to the same principle, and also connectthis lever, as well as the axle 59 of the finger 9, by the wires 81 and 82 (these being shown on the drawing by a dotted line for a certain part of their length) with the circuit of the battery E and ofthe the'bell-14 and the'contacts 83' and 84. In such a manner an interruption of the current in the contacts 83, 84 will occur and cause an alarm should the contacts 83 and 84 oxidize or the action of the spring at the bell armature slacken. 1 7

Switch 86 consists of a small yieldable lever, which can oscillate on the axle 60 andpos sessesat one of its ends a contact piece insu lated from the lever and rests with its other end on the bell armature 83. A very small movement of this armature permits the lever 85 to slip and causes an interruption of the circuit at contact 86, for the lever turns under the spring action around its axle.

Owing to the importance of the regular working of the battery B the exact-itude of its working should beassuredv The system according to the invention, permits tocontrol automatically the good condition of this battery. F or this purpose one may arrange a commutator mechanically connected with the clockwork and producing in determined intervals the commutating ot'the batteries B and C for a comparatively short time, so as the battery B should feed the circuit of the battery G and the battery C the circuit of the battery B. In that condition, if the battery B is out of order, this fact will immediately be signaled, as the switching on of the defective-battery into the line 27 28 disturbs the running of the electro-magnet 7 and, consequently, produces the starting of the alarm. The above mentioned commutator may be of any construction for instance, it may adopt the form of discs with insulated segments with fixed contact brushes or the form of an immovable disc with a ring contact on which slides the contact lever and so on.

The discs 2 and 3 at the central station are fixed on the shaft. 1 which also fixedly carriesthe ratchet wheel engaged by the pawl 101 which is carried by the armature 102 of the electro-magnet 18. A- similar movement is used to drive the disc 34 at the protected area, a ratchet wheel 103 being secured to the disc shaft30 and driven by a pawl 104 carried on the armature 105 of the electro-magnetic 33.

In concluding I may say that the described system of electric signaling assures the uninterrupted working of the signal in'the following cases (1)'Damagetothe conductors 11 and 12 which constitute the electric connection of the parts controlling the synchronical'working of the two mechanisms depositated in I diflerent places; v r

(2) Destruction of the line 27, 28 between the mechanism placed in the protected locality and the electro-magnet 7 deposited in a safe place and opposingthe closing of the circuit of another electro-1nagnet 21 whose running sounds the alarm circuit, a source of current, an electromagnet located at the central office and included in said main circuit, an interrupter for said main circuit located in the guarded structure, means for operating said interrupter so as to make and break said main circuit at predetermined moments, a two-armed lever armature for said electromagnet, a pair of movable toothed memberslocated at such a distance from said armature, that when the armature is'attracted, one of its 'arms tcan touch the teeth of one'of said members, but when said armature is not attracted its second arm can touch the teeth of the other member, means for moving said toothed members with such an angular velocity, that both arms of said armature, whether the latter is attracted or not, do not touch the teeth of said toothed members, but enter into the spaces between the teeth, and an alarm circuit in which said armature and said toothed members are included.

2. In an electric protective signaling system, the combination with a guarded structure and a central otfice, of a main control circuit including a source of current, an electromagnet located at the central office, a rotating interrupter for said main circuit located in the guarded structure, means for moving said interrupter, a pair of toothed.

discs located at the central oflice, a pair of electromagnetically actuated devices in said main circuit operable on the toothed discs to cause the latter to rotate synchronously with said interrupter, an armature for said electromagnet having the form of a twoarmed lever and located at such a distance from said toothed discs that when said armature is attracted one of its arms can touch the teeth of one of said toothed discs, but when said armature is not attracted, its second arm cantouch the teeth of the second disc, the

lengths of teeth of both discs and their relative positions being such that normally both arms of said armature, whether the latter is attracted or not, do not meet any of the teeth but enter into the spaces between them,

and an alarm circuit in'which said armature and said pair of discs are included.

3. In an electric protective signaling system, the combination with a guarded structure and a central 0lfice,of a main control circuit consisting of a battery, an electromagnet at the central office andtwo conduce tors extending from-the central office to the guarded structure, a rotating toothed disc with a contact dog located in the guarded structure and serving to make and break said maincircuit at predetermined 1 intervals, meansfor driving said toothed disc, a pair of rotating toothed discs at the central office, means for driving said pair of discs synchronously with said first named, disc, an armature for said electromagnet moving round a fixed axle at such a distance from'said pair of toothed discs, that whensaid armature is attracted, its one extremity can touch the teeth of'one disc, While, when said armature is not attracted, its second extremity can touch the-teeth of the other, disc, the lengths of the, teeth and their disposition on all the three discs-being so c'alculatedthat, during normaloperation Y of the device, both extremities of said armature, Whetherjthe latter is attracted or not, always enter into the spaces between, the teeth without touching 'anypof them, and'an alarm circuit, in which saidarmatu-re andsaid-pair of discs are included. y

' Ac, In an electric. protective system, the combination with a guarded structure. and a central oflice, ota main control circuit'consisting of a battery, an electromagnet at the central-office and two conductors extending from'the, central ofiicelto the guarded structure, of a rotary toothed disc with a contact dog located in the guarded structure and serving to make and break said main circuit at predetermined intervals, a pair of rotary toothed discs at the central ofiice, a mam clockwork, an interrupter, a battery and two i whether the latter is attracted or not, always enter. intothe spaces between the teeth without touching them, and 'an alarm'circuit in which said armature and said pair of discs are included. I H v 5. In an electric protective signaling system, the combination witha guarded structure, a central oflice, and an electric alarm circu1t therem, of'a c1rcu1t closer for said alarm circuit; and electromagnet for releasing said circuit closer, a pair of rotary toothed discs at the central office, a member with two spaced arms one for each disc so located that each arm'of the pair can enter into the spaces between the teeth of a respective disc, a controlling electromagnet at the central office serving to attract said two-armed member, a

rotary toothed disc and a'contact dog in the guarded structure serving to close the circuit of said controlling electromagnet, electromagnetic means for synchronously driving all the three toothed discs, the different teeth on said discs and the spacesbetween thembeing unequal, but the lengths of teeth on dilferent discs being so coordinated, that the said twoarmedmember always enter into the spaces between the teeth of said pair of discs without touching any of them during normal operation of the device, while, if the synchronis m between the discs or the circuit of the controlling electromagnet is disturbed, one of the arms of the two armed member disposed to engage the corresponding disc and close the circuit of the electromagnet to release the circuit closer. r

6. In an'electric protective signaling system, the combination with a guarded struc ture,"a central oliice and an electric alarmcircuit therein, of a circuit closer for said alarm circuit, an electromagnet for releasing said circuit closer, a pair of rotary toothed v discs at the central station, a third toothed disc in the guarded structure, a main circuit including electromagnetic mechanism for moving all the three discs synchronously, three auxiliary toothed discs mounted in cuttings made in the main discs on axles, fixed on the same, a two-armed armature for said electromagneticmechanisms located so that eachof its arms may enter into the spaces between the teeth of the respective one of the discs located at the central station, the lengths of the teeth on all thediscs" and their distribution being so calculated and the armsbe ing disposed at such a relative angle that during normal operation ofthe device neither of the arms of the two-armed armature can touch the teeth of their respective discs, and when the synchronism between the discs and'the circuit of the electromagnetic mechanisms' is disturbed, one of the arms of the two-armed armature is adapted to touch a tooth of the corresponding disc and close the alarm circuit.

V Intestimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name; WLADIMIR IWANOWITSCH BECAOURI.

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