US1756989A - Thick-butt shingle strip - Google Patents

Description

y 6, 1930. F. c. ovERBuRY 1,756,989

THICK BUTT SHINGLE STRIP Filed April 10, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l kgw @Q m PM I -I -I=1 Q M m Q May 6, 1930. F. c. OVERBURY 1,756,989

THICK BUTT SHINGLE STRIP Filed April 10, 1926 2 Shets-Sheet 2 Ifl uwzjar: fiaiwjai 601/60" I d2 ya.

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Patented May 6, 1930 UNITED STATES.

FREDERICK G. OVERBUBY, OF HILLSDALE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB, BY MESNE AS PATENT oer-lea SIGNMENTS, TO THE PATEKT AND LICENSING CORPORATION, OF BOSTON, IASBA- CHUSETTB, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS THICK-BUTT SHINGLE STRIP Application filed April 10,

This invention relates generally to fabricated roofing elements which are intended to be laid in overlapping Courses on a roof, exposing aportion of each element to the The base or foundation for material of this type ordinarily comprises felted fibrous sheet material, which is usually formed on a paper-making machine, of rag or asbestos fiber or the like. These fibrous sheets are sufficiently absorbent to be readily impregnated with liquid bitumen or equivalent saturant after which a suitable coating of impervious material, such as high melting-point asphalt, is applied to one or both faces of the saturated sheet, the coated areas while still sticky being surfaced with sand, crushed slate, tile or other mineral matter in granular or powdered form. Individual elements are then cut or otherwise separated from the sheet in any desired shape and size. Roofing elements of this type are well known to the art, but have been found objectionable on account of their flat and unsubstantial appearance when laid on a roof, also because the fiber ends exposed at the cut edges when the elements were cut from the sheet tend to absorb and give off moisture, the changes in moisture content warping and deteriorating the elements. It is therefore an object of this invention to ive the elements a more substantial and p easing appearance when laid by increasing the thickness of the element at the butt edge. In order that the successive courses of elements as laid on .a roof may fit more snugly one on the other, I provide means for making roofing elements with butts which are materially thicker than the heads, the thick portions of the shingles being tapered toward the head. Another object of the invention is to form the thick tapered butts by applying material to the sheet in separate areas before the sheet is cut. The areas maywbe so arranged that the sheet may be out either transversely or longitudinally to form strip shingles or individual shingles. The thickened butt adds to the appearance of the roof when laid, provides additional weight where needed to keep the shingle lying flat against those beneath it, tends to prevent curling .of the tabs, and economizes on ma- 1926. Serial No. 101,090.

terial by reason of the comparatively thin head.

It is also an object of this invention to make the roofing strip in such a way that one side will be finished to present the appearance desired when the roof is laid, while the opposite side will carry the extra layer of coating material to thicken the butt portion s of the strip. This permits the use of an ex-.

ceptionally thick butt-thickening. coat of thermoplastic compounds, such as asphalt. without detracting from the appearance or durability of the roofing element. The thickness of coating which cansuccessfully be applied in one operation is governed by the thickness of consiste.-cy or the viscosity of the coating material when applied. In carrying out one method of my invention, I applya thick tarry layer of asphalt to the butt portion. While a thicker coating may be applied with the asphalt in a semi-fluid rather than a fluid condition, it is more diflicult to make the surfacing granular material stick firmly to such a coating so as to form a satisfactory tions, the action of sunlight rays being particularly noticeable. If the coating is too thin, the hardening action extends all the way through and soon forms cracks which allow moisture to enter. On the other hand, if the coating is too thick, the contraction of the surface sets up stresses in the layer, particularly when it is cold and hard, which tend to cause cracks in the coating which extend through to the fibrous layer of the shingle. Between these extremes is a thickness of coating which gives best results in resisting the action of the Weather. In the case of the blown asphalt customarily used in coating elements of this type, the most desirable thickness is from .040 to .070 of an inch. It is obvious that the most serviceable asphaltthickened shingle is to be had by coating the upper or exposed face of the shingle with a layer of asphalt of this. thickness, the heavy reinforcing layer being applied to the under side where it will not be exposed to the weather. A further advantage to be obtained from putting a heavy coating of asphalt on the under side of a shingle strip rather than on the upper arises from the tendency of the asphalt to become more or less fluent according to its characterist under the heat of a summer sun. Vthile such fluency is slight even in midsummer, the surface of a thick layer of asphalt liable to slip, especially when weighted with grit, when laid on a roof with a steep pitch, This tendency of thick coating to flow under extreme summer. heat is avoided by having the thick coating ments to which the butt-thickening coat is applied to the rear face in such a way that it extends over the butt edge and the edges of any slots which may have been formed or cut in the butt portion of the element and merges with the front face coating to form a complete sealing coat covering the butt portion of the element.

On the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a diagrammatic arrangement of apparatus for carrying out my invention.

Figure 2 represents in perspective a pair of rolls for applying transverse bands of coating material.

Figure'3 shows a fragment of a sheet coated for transverse cutting.

' Figure 4 represents in perspective a set of rolls for applying longitudinal stripes of coating material.

Figure 5 shows a fragment of a sheet after being coated by the rollers shown in Figure 4. I

Figure 6 shows a fragment of a sheet coated longitudinally with a different arrangement of stripes.

Figure 7 indicates a cross sectional view of a finished shingle strip, slated on the coat 7 ing the rolls 24, 25.

Figure 14 is a perspective of a finished shingle strip of a different shape.

Figure 15 is a diagram showing how the strips illustrated in Figure 14 may be cut from the sheet.

Figure 16 is a side edge view of a series of laid strips showing how" the'successive courses engage one another.

Referring to the drawing in detail, 10 represents a roll of roofing base whichmay be the usual felt or any other desired equivalent. As shown, the felt is passed through a bath 11 of waterproofing satur'ant, the excess saturant being pressed therefrom by suitable rolls 12, 13 which are usually heated.-

The sheet may then be cooled by any suitable means, indicated at 9 such as a number of cooled rollers, refrigerating pipes chilled air, or any other suitable means. l ts upper surface then may be coated as by a spout 14 with any suitable waterproofing compound, such, for exam le, as blown asphalt. This coating may be distributed by rolls 15 which also serve as a support to guide the sheet between rolls 16, 17 The lower roller 17 is preferably made with an irregular periphery, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The raised portions of the peripheryoare arranged to pick up a layer of coating material from a suitable heated receptacle 18 and to apply the same to the'under side of the moving sheet. Instead of picking up the coating maing roll 17 may receive it from a feeding roll interposed between the roll 17 and the container so as to pick up a film of coating material from the container and transfer it to the raised areas of the roll 17. Theraised portions of the periphery are preferably so shaped that the radii will have a minimum value at the median lines 19 thereof, increasing graduallyltoward the edges 20. The roll minuted material, such-as crushed slate- Re-' ccptacles 23 may be provided to catch the excess slate falling from the sheet after pass- If it is desired to slate the upper side only of the shingle, as in Figare 8, the coating material 29 on the bottom of th shingle may be dusted with some suitable finely divided material, such as powdered mica or tale to prevent sticking. In this type of shingle, the slating defines the upper or exposed side of the shingle, the tapering butt-thickening layer of coating being on the bottom of the shingle, or the side next to the roof when laid. The sheet may then terial directly fromthe container 18, the coatment with respect to the sheet.

be passed between yieldingly mounted press rolls 26 to press the comminuted material and embed it more firmly in the coating. The sheet is then ready to be slotted, if desired, and cut as indicated in Figure 3 along the median lines 33, which are lines of maximum thickness of the coating 34 and on lines 35 midway between the spaced bands or areas 34 of the coating. The shingle strip thus produced will have a cross section somewhat as indicated in Figures 7 and 8, these forms of shingle having a base 27 with a coating 28 of uniform thickness on the upper side and a coating 29 on the lower side which covers the butt only of the unit and tapers toward the head. If it is desired to cut the shingle strips longitudinally instead of transversely as in Figure 3, the spaced areas of coating may be applied by a set of rolls such as are shown in Figure 4, wherein the upper roll 16 is c lindrical, the lower rolls .30, 31,

32 being 0 frusto-conical or double frustoto their arrange- The slope on the peripheries of these rollsas shown in Figure' 4 is somewhat exaggerated. Figure 5 shows a fragment of a sheet with bands of coating 38, 39, 40 applied by such a combination of rolls as is shown in Figure 4, the dotted linesshowing the lines of slittin 36 and cutting 37 to separate the indiv1 ual shingle strips. It will be apparent that two conical shape, "according rolls similar to the roll 31 may be used instead of rolls 30', with bands of coating Figure 6. I

If desired, the order of steps may be varied. For example, the sheet may be slotted (and also slit if the sheet is to be cut as in Figures 5 and 6) before the coating is applied or before it is passed into the saturating tank. In either case, the coating fluid will enter the cuts and slits and will thus coat the edges, as well as the surfaces of the sheet' The strips illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 may be so treated. Figure 9 represents a pair of strips of roofing material which may have been slit from a wide sheet of indeterminate length. These strips may be considered as being shown bottom side upward, since the surface appearing in these figures is intended to lie next to the roof when laid, while the opposite surface is to be the exposed surface when laid. By applying the butt-thickening coating from above, a thicker coating can be applied than by operating from below. It is 31 and 32 to produce a strip 4-1, 42, as illustrated in desirable to use sheet material which is strong enough to be self-sustaining ever a sufficient span to receive the coating'material Without a belt or carrier beneath the strip to sustain it as it passes the coating spout. Before reaching the condition shown in Figure 9, the strips may have rated or unsaturated roofing felt, slotted as at 49 of a slot 43 which coated. The final result may be somewhat 2 receive a film of coating the front (now strips may been slit from a sheet 10 of satu-.

43 by any suitable mechanism for the purpose, the same being well known in the art, and separated slightly as at 44 to allow coating material to flow over the cut edges and to seal them- Then a band 45 of heavy coating may be applied to the butt portions of the strips as I by mechanism indicated in Figures Hand 12. The coating-material covers the butt portions of the strips and flows over all the edges of the cut-outs 43 and the butt edges of the strips, merging with the coating on the front (now lower) side of the strip1 to form a complete t the strips as at 48, the part of the end of each unit to be exposed to the weather being a side has been pre-cutand shown in Fig. 13, the rear side of the strip being presented to view. Instead of the slots 43, the strip may have a zig-zag butt edge 50 as shown in Figure 14, these units being cut from the strip as indicated in Figure 15. The zigzag cutwhich may be used to form complemental strips in any one of a number of designs permits the coating of the butt portions of both strips with a band of coating material which is not much wider than the coated portion of one of the strips. It also applies the coating material to widely spaced tabs in such a Way that only a very smal amount of the coating drops through to be caught in the container below.

As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the pro-slit and slotted strip may be led over a guide and supporting roll 15, after which a band of coating may be applied as by a nozzle or spout 51 which may deposit the coating directly on the strip or on a spreading roll 52. The spout 51 is preferably 53 or other suitable means. As shown in Figure 12, the roll 52 may be suitably shaped to spread the band of coating 45 in any desired manner according to the shape of the periphery of the roll. A roll 54 may be located below the roll 52 to support the strips. The roll 54 may also be arranged to dip into a container 18 or otherwise material to apply to under) face of the strips. After being coated by the rolls 52, 54,- the strips may be led to surfacing devices as shown in Figure 1 and her'embefore described. The coating of the front face of the be applied, if desired, by means other than the roll 54, in which case this roll may be used simply as a supporting rollto cooperate with the roll 52 without touchin the coating material in the container 18. hen thus employed, the roll 54 should be heated and rovided witn a suitable scraper to clean a golf t e excess coating material that flows through the cut-outs in and space between the'strips from the upper face coating mechaanism.

Having thus described an embodiment of In this invention, it should be evident to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from its spirit or scope as defined by the appended claim. 15 I claim: a

A strip shingle comprising a base of felted sheet material having tab-definin slots, a coating of waterproof-compound o substantially uniform thickness covering the entire a front surface of the stri a coating of waterproofing compound 0 tapering thickness coverin the utt portion only of the rear face 0 the strip, said rear face coating being thickest at the butt edge of the strip,

5 a water roofing coat covering the butt edge an the slot edges and uniting with the front and rear coatings to envelope completely the butt portion of the shingle, and a ayer of grit adhering to and covering the 3 coating on said front and rear faces and edges.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my sig nature.

FREDERICK C. OVERBURY.

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