US1755990A - Pump for oil wells - Google Patents

Description

April 22, 1930. R. 'G. HAWLEY PUMP FOR OIL WELLS Filed June 15, 1927 Z'Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR TTORN April 22, 1930. R. G. HAWLEY PUMP ,FOR OIL WELLS Filed June 15, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Patented Apr. 22, 1930 ,noycnoncn-rrawnny, or BRADFORD, PENNSYLVANIA .PUMP ron OIL .WELLS Applicationlfiled June, 15,

My inventionconsists in the novel features hereinafter described, reference being had *to the accompanying drawings which show one embodiment :of'my invention selected by me for purposesof illustration, and the said inventioniis fullydisolosed inthe following description and claims.

' r In the operationof oil 'well punips a considerableamountof sand-is :forced up through the :barrel during the :pumping operation.

This sand hasa greater specific gravity than theoil-andztends to settle to the bottom ofthe tubing, i'between the tubing and the .exterior of the barrel, and after anconsiderable period of-oper-ation .the sancl packs solidly in thespacearound the'barrel, which makes it extremely difficult to withdraw the barrel. It

is necessary to renew the cups or gaskets of the pump plunger fromtiinetotime, as they become worn,.and it is also necessary to remove :the sucker rods andbarrelrat times for the .lpurpose of removing paraflin, and as the barrel is frequently 1000rfeet -or more below the surface, the-sanding in ofthebarrel often makes it impossible to withdrawit with the sucker rods, and it .is frequently'necessary to pull up the tubingzwith the rods and extract the barrel from the tubing above ground. This often'res'ultsdn injuryto the'barrel, and in. any :case results in material loss of time andmoney'. The-main feature-of my invention consists insproviding means for preventingtne accumulation of sand between the ba'rrel and theitubing, so ithat the barrelcan be readilywithdrawn with the rods whenever this may become -necessary without dai'1gero'finjury to the barrel.

In carrying. out 'my invention the upper portion ofthe barrel isprovided with a head, having asleeve of smaller'diameter movable vertically through a\ collar secured to the upper end ,of -thegpump valve, said head and collar being provided pwith opposed annular clampingfaces for engaginga'laterally expansible packing ring, and said head being provided with laterally extending discharge 7 apertures locatedabove the,packin g ring, or packer, and below a partition provided with an aperture through which the-pumprod only y Pa s-me ers p ori l efo locking 1927. Serial No. 198,882.

the head and collar in positionto expand the packer and close off the tubing below the same, which surrounds the barrel, thus preventing any sand from working down he tween the tubing and the barrel. Anysand which may collect while the pump is not wording, between the head and the tubing, will be driven out by the jets of oil discharged horizontally and with great force through the discharge apertures, on'its wayto the'surfaceof the ground through the tubing, so that there is no possibility ofthe pump bar-rel becoming sanded-ind, or wedged in the-casing,.b.y an accumulation of sand.

My invention also includes certain' novel f atures of construction andconibinationo'f parts hereinafter .described and particularly pointed outfinthe'claiins, whereby the packer may be ,connaressedor released, and whereby the :punipbarrel together with the connected parts may be readily withdrawnyfrom the tubing.

Referring to the aceompanyingdrawings,

1. represents a sectional w'iewspartlyin ele tion showing the lower partof the 'well tub. ig,'the pumpbarreland pump.

:Fig. 2 isa similar 'viewshowing :the-upper part of the pump barrel,-=thel-head and connecting-collar.

:Fi Sisan.enlargedsectional View of the barrel head andattaching collar,=showing the packer Ein position before it -is laterallyXeX- panded.

Fig-4: isasiinilar =view showingzt-he parts in the positionwhich they occupy-When the packer is under compression and is expanded laterally against :the inner surface .of :the tubing. o

Fig. ,5 is aidetail vviewof theiupp'er part-.of the barrel head iand a part carried by the pump rod litllidlSllGlEGI rods,zfor turning .the head to lock itimopen orclosedposition with respect;tolthe;packer.

Referring .to the drawings, 1 represents the tubing which extends down into the well frointhe surfaceiofthe grounduto the desired depth at which-the oil isto bepumped. Rho lower portion of the tubing, 1, is preferably provided with a portion, 2, of reduced'd ameter, forming an annular seat,-3, upon which the" pump barrel is supported when in operative position. 4 represents the pump barrel, which 'is provided adjacent to its lower end with a shoulder, 5, to engage the,

seat, 3, of the tubing, below which point the barrel is preferably provided with a portion of reduced diameter, carrying the cups, 6, fitting the reduced portion, 2, of the tubing and making a tight joint therewith, below which the barrel is provided with the usual strainer, 7. The upper end of the barrel is provided with a collar, 8, having an annular clamping face, 9, at 1ts upper end, to engage the annular packer.

and provided with an annular clamping shoulder, 12,.a bove the shoulder, 9, of the collar, 8, an annular compressible ring packer, 13, being inserted between the shoulders, 9 and 12., This packer may be formed ofany suitable material, as'rubber, cork, or cork composition, leather, or lead of thin gauge. The opposing faces of the shoulders, 9 and '12,.are' also preferably provided with annular lips, indicated at 12 at their outer edges, whichhave 'a tendency to hold the I packer within them so that when it is corn- 7 pressedvertically it will be forced outward betwcensaid lips, against the wall of the tubing, while the inner portions are firmly held in positionaround the sleeve, 11. The

head, 10, is provided above the shoulder, 12, witha plurality oflateral discharge apertures, indicated at 14, and preferably disposed horizontally, and above said apertures the head is provided with a partition, indicated at 15, having an aperture, 16, therein, of a size to snugly fit the pump rod, or

polished rod,17, connected with the plunger,

18, of the pump. vThe upper end of the head is provided with a closure, 19, having a guiding aperture,20, for. the pump rod, 17, also fitting the rod snugly, and forming practically a stuffing box. 1 The interior of the head between the closure, 19, and the partition, 15, is preferably of greater diameter than'the pump rod, forming an annular space, 21, surrounding the same, and thus reducing the friction on the rod. The pump rod, 17 is provided above the closure, 19, with a top piece, or connection, 22, having'a threaded aperture, 23, in its bottom, into which the upperend of the pump rod is threaded, the

I said top piece being provided with a threaded stem, 24, adapted to be connected to the lower sucker rod section,25, as shown in the draw- I ing. The upper end-of the head and the top piece, 22, are provided with interlocking por tlons, to permit the head of the pump barrel to be rotated from the top of the'well, when desired, byturning the sucker rods. In this instance the .top piece, 22, is shown provided on opposite sides with lugs, 26, adapted to engage recesses, 2?, 1n the upperpart of the 10 represents the head" 0f the barrel provided with a sleeve, 11, adapted to slide vertically in the collar, 8,

indicated at 32'. r

closure, 19, as bestseen in Fig. 5. I also 2 provide means for locking the head 10, and the collar, 8, in the open position in wh1ch the packer is not compressed, and 1n the closed position in which the packer is compressed vertically and expanded laterally.

Inthis instance I have shown the sleeve, 11,

of the headprovided with a stud, 28, which maybe a heavy screw projecting therefrom and engaging a bayonet slot in the collar 8 indicated asa whole at 29,-and comprising a lower horizontal locking portion, indicated 7 at 30, "a centralvertical portion indicated at 31, and an upper horizontal locking portion,

' The pump barrel 'is provided at its lower end with the usual-standing valve, or bottom valve,33, engaging a-seat, 33*,and the lower end of the. pump rod, 17 isprovided with a valve casing, 34, carrying the plunger valve, or traveling valve, indicated at 35. ,The plunger is also provided with a plurality of cups, ,or gaskets, indicated at 36, tightly fittingthe barrel, an ,oil'passage, indicated at 37 being provided through the plunger to thevalve seat, 35*,of the valve, 35.. The valves are shown as being in the formiof ball valves, each provided with a suitable cage.

- lar, 8, asshownin Fig. 3, so that in lowering the barrel into the well, the pin, 28, may be relieved of unduestrain. I prefer, however, to so construct the parts that the strain will be, divided between the collar, 38, and the pin,

28,:so that both may be relied upon in'lowering. or lifting the pump barrel. In lowering the-barrel into the well a sucker rod section is screwed on to the stem, 24, of the top'piece, 22, and'the barrel and suckerrod are lowered into the tubing, 1. Additional sections-of. the sucker rod are connected and the barrel lowered until the shoulder, 5, comes to restupon'the seat, 3, at the bottom of the tube, as indicated in Fig. 1.

When lowering the barrel'into the well, it will be understood that the packer is in the condition shown in Fig. 3, that is to say, is not compressed vertically. As soon as the lower end ofthe barrel is seated, a suitable wrench is applied" to the upper end of the uppermost sucker rod section and the sucker rods are turned in a direction tofmove the pin, 28, alongthe horizontal portion, 32, of

the locking slot,- 29, so asto bring the pin into i vertical alignment with the vertical portion, 31 of'the slot, the interlocking projections,

26 and'recesses, 27,-of'the top piece, 22, andthe head, 10, (or closure, 19, thereof) permit the head to be turned with the sucker rods, thereby carrying the pin'laterallyin the slot, 29, as stated. As soon as the pin has been brouglitinto alignment with the vertical por-. tion, 31, of the slot, 29, the head, 10, will move downward under the weight of the sucker rods, compressing the packer, 13, vertically and expanding it horizontally into contact with the inner surface of the tubing, 1, as indicated '.-in Fig. 4:. The sucker rods are then rotated still further, so as to carry the pin,.28, into thehorizontal section, 30, ofrthe slot, 29, thus locking the'parts inltheir adj usted position. The sucker rod may now. be lifted sufiiciently to permit of the desired strokeof the pump plunger and connect it to the pumping means, which may be of any desired character, to efiect the pumping of the well." It will be understood that on the up stroke of the plunger, the traveling valve, 35, will remain seated, and the suction of the plunger will draw the oil from below the pump barrel into the pump barrel through the valveseat, 33?, thereby lifting the valve, 33. On the down stroke of the plunger the valve, 33, seats, and the oil within the barrel passes up through the valve seat, 35, lift-- ing the traveling valve, 35, the oillcontinuing to pass u a as :the plunger reciprocates, until it reaches the partition, 15, of the "head, 10, where it is forced laterally in jets against the inner surface of the tubing immediately above the packer, and thence upward through the narrowrchannel between the head and the tubing, ant then between the sucker rods I and the tubing, to thesurface ofthe. ground where it is conducted to any desiredpoint by suitable pipe connections. It will, be seen that no sand can collect between the pump barrel and the tubing under .any circumstanceswhatsoever, as no .oil can pass below the packer, 13. Anysand which may tend to collect between the upper portion of the head above the packer and thetubing, will be dislodged by the jets ofoil discharged laterally a through the apertures, 14, and carried upward with the oil. The oil passes throughtho holes, 14, at considerable pressure and at greater velocity than it passes upward through the pump barrel, or through the tubing, as the holes, 14, are .of relatively smaller diameter, so that the jets of oil will clear away any sand which tends to collect above the ,packer, at every stroke of the pump, keeping the oil agitated and carrying the sandfout with the oil. It follows,.therefore, that the barrel cannot become wedged in the tubing, and may be readily-drawn out when it is desired, as for the removal of paraflin from the sucker rods, or for the re moral and replacement of, any of thecups,

or gaskets,-of the pump -plunger,:or for'any other purpose.

To remove the barrehthesucker rods are detached from the pumping apparatus and lowered, and at :the same time rotated by a suitable wrench until the interlocking parts, as the projections, '26, and recesses, 27, .OfzthG top piece and head are broughtinto engagement. The sucker rods are then turned in a direction to bring the locking pin, or stud, 28, into alignment with the vertical portion, 31, of the slot, 29, when the sucker rods may be raised, thereby drawing up the pump rod, 17, until the plunger strikes the collar, 38, and lifts the sleeve, 11, and head, 10, so to bring the collar, 38, into engagement with the lower end of the collar of the pump barrel, and as herein shown the stud, or pin, 28, against the upper edge of the slot, :29. The upward movementof the head,.10, will re lease the packer, and the further upward movement of the, sucker rods will draw the pump barrel entirely from the well, the several sections of the sucker rod being -unscrewed as .the lifting of the pump barrel proceeds, in the usual manner. The packer may, on being freed, resume its original 'position if sutficiently-elastic, or it may'break up as the barrel is withdrawn from the well, but the expense of replacingthesingle packer, which is the onl' part liable to injury in the removal of t e barrel, is comparatively inexpensive, and the difliculty of re moving a sanded-in barrel with the .eX- pense and trouble and possible destruction of the barrel, are entirely eliminated.

What I claim and desire to secure byfLetters Patent 'is:

1. .In'a pump for oil wells, thecombination of a barrel provided with a :plunger and pump valves, a pump rod connected withsaid plunger, said barrel having its upper portion provided with horizontally disposedrdischarge apertures, an annular compressible packer carried wholly by and surrounding the barrel immediately below said discharge apertures and having a released diameter substantially less than the intcriordiameter of theflsurroundingtube or casing, whereby the barrel. may be passed intothe wellzto any depth without bringing the packer zinto contact withthe tube, means for retaining the packer in uncompressed condition while-the barrel is being lowered into the well and means for releasing said retainingxmeans and forcing said packer laterally into contact with the surrounding tubeto prevent deposit of sand between the barrel and tube below discharge apertures, discharging against the inner faceiof the enclosing tube, an annular packer carried wholly by and surrounding the. barrel immediately below said discharge apertures, and means for forcing said packer into contact .with Ithe surrounding tube, whereby the deposit of sand between the barrel and tube below said discharge apertures is prevented, and the discharge of the oil pumped through said discharge apertures will'prevent theaccumulation ofsand above said apertures,"

'3. In a pump'for oil wells, the combination :of'a barrel, aplunger therein and pump valves, and'a pump rod connected with the plunger, said barrel being provided adjacent to-its upper end with a horizontal partition having an aperture fitting the pump rod, said barrel having laterally disposed discharge apertures below said partition, an annular packer carried wholly by and surrounding the barrelimmediately below the discharge apertures, and means for forcing the packer into contact with the. surrounding tube, whereby the deposit of sand around the barrelbelow thepacker is prevented, and the oil pumped is forced laterally through said dis:

charge apertures immediately above the packer, to prevent the accumulation of sand around the barrel above the packer.

4. In an oilpump, the combination of a barrel provided at its upper end with a head movable vertically with respect to the barrel,

andproviding an annular recess between a 7 portion of said head and a part rigidly connected with the barrel, a compressible packer 7 located in said recess, "said headvbeing provided immediately above the packer with horizontally disposed discharge apertures communicating with the interior of the barrel, whereby the packer may be compressed vertically and expanded laterally into contact with the surrounding tube by a longitudinal movement of the'head with respect to the barrel, and means for lockingthe head with respect to the barrel'to hold the packer under compression.

barrel provided at its upper end with a head i 5. In an oil pump, the combination of a movable vertically with respect to the barrel, and providing an annular recess between a portion" of said head and a part rigidly connected with the barrel, a compressible packer located in said recess, saidhead'being pro- -vided immediately above the packer with V packer in compressed pos'ition.

6. In'an oil pump, the combination of a barrel provided at its upper end'with a head movable vertically with respect to the barrel, and providing an annular recess between a portion of said head and a part rigidly-connected with the barrel, a compressible packer located in said recess, said head being providedzimmediately above the packer with horizontally disposed discharge apertures communicating with the interior of the barrel, whereby the packer may be compressed vertically and expanded laterallyfinto contact with the surroundingtube by a longitudinal movement of the head with respect to the barrel, and locking means for locking the head with respect to the barrel, comprising a locking stud on one of said parts. and a locking slot in the other of said parts, having vertical and horizontal portions to engage saidstud. I

'7.-In a pump for oil wells, the combination of a barrel provided with a plunger and valves, and a pump rod connected with the plunger, said barrel being provided with a head movable vertically with respect to the barrel and a hollow sleeve extending within a portion rigidly connected with the barrel, an annular recess being provided between the head and a part rigidly connected with the barrel and surrounding said sleeve, an annular packer in said recess, the said head being provided above the packer with laterallydisposed discharge apertures communicating with the interior of the valve, said sleeve and the part connected'with the barrel and surrounding the sleeve being provided the one with a locking stud and the other with a lockingv slot having vertical and horizontal portions, a part connected with the pump rod and provided with portions to interlock with portions of said head, to enable said head to be rotated to move said stud into and out of engagement with the horizontal portions of the locking slot.

8.'In:a pump for oil wells, the combination of a barrel provided with a plunger and valves, and a pump rod connected with the plunger, said barrel being providedwith a head movable vertically with respect to the barrel and a hollow sleeve extending within a portion rigidly connected with the barrel, an annular recess being provided between the head and a part rigidly connected with thebarrel and surrounding said sleeve, an annular packer infsaid recess, the said head being provided above theipacker with laterally disposed discharge apertures communieating with the interior of the valve, said sleeve and the part connectedwith the barrel and surroundin the sleeve'being provided theone with a locking stud and the other with a locking slothaving vertical and horizontal'p'ortions, a part connected with the pump rod and provided with portions tointerlock with portions of said head, to enable said head to be rotated to move said stud into and out of engagement with the horizontal portions of the locking slot, and

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a lifting collar on the sleeve connected with said head, for engaging the part rigidly connected with the barrel to relieve the locking stud from undue strain in inserting and removing the barrel.

9. In a pump for oil wells, the combination of a barrel provided with a plunger and valves, and a pump rod connected with the plunger, said barrel being provided with a head movable vertically with respect to the barrel and a hollow sleeve extending within a portion rigidly connected with the barrel, an annular recess being provided between the head and a part rigidly connected with the barrel and surrounding said sleeve, an annular packer in said recess, the said head being provided above the packer with laterally disposed discharge apertures communieating with the interior of the valve, said sleeve and the part connected with the barrel and surrounding the sleeve being provided the one with a locking stud and the other with a locking slothaving vertical and horizontal portions, a part connected with the pump rod and provided with portions to interlock with portions of said head, to enable said head to be rotated to move said stud into and out of engagement with the horizontal portions of the locking slot, and a lifting collar on the lower end of said sleeve for engaging the part rigidly connected with the barrel, said sleeve being constructed to engage the plunger when the latter is raised to its fullest extent to remove the barrel from the well. 7 a

I 10. In a pump for oil wells, the combination of a barrel provided adjacent to its lower end with a reduced portion forming a shoulder to engage a seat in the well tube and support the barrel therein, said reduced portion being provided with means for fitting the interior of the tube and making a tight joint therewith, said barrel being provided with a plunger and pump valves and a pump rod connected with the plunger, a collar rigidly secured to the upper end of the barrel and forming a part thereof, a head provided with a downwardly extending sleeve of reduced diameter fitting within said collar, and provided with a lifting collar below the same, a packer surrounding said sleeve and located between the barrel collar and said head, a locking stud on said sleeve, a locking slot in said barrel collar having horizontal and vertical portions for engaging said stud and locking the head with respect to the barrel with the packer in normal and also in compressed position, said head being provided above said packer with a partition having an'aperture therein fitting the .pump rod, and with horizontally disposed radial discharge apertures located between said partition and the packer and communicating with the interior of the barrel, a top piece connected with the pump rod and provided with means for attaching it to the sucker rods, said top piece and said head being provided with interlocking portions to permit said head to be rotated by the sucker rods, the said plunger being constructed to engage the lower end of said sleeve when lifted to its highest position in the barrel, to raise the head with respect to the barrel and to enable the barrel to be suspended from the sucker rods in lowering the barrel into the well and removing it therefrom.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature.

ROY GEORGE HAWLEY.

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