US1743344A

US1743344A - Gas cleaner

Info

Publication number: US1743344A
Application number: US93797A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hawley Charles Gilbert
Original assignee: Centrifix Corp
Current assignee: Centrifix Corp
Priority date: 1926-03-10
Filing date: 1926-03-10
Publication date: 1930-01-14
Anticipated expiration: 1947-01-14

Description

Jan. 14, 1930. c. G. HAwLl-:Y

GAS CLEANER 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 10 Jan. 14, 1930. 'Q G, HAWLEY 1,743,344

GAS CLEANER Filed March 1o, 192s 2 sheets-sheet 2 @zur Qffmzey u dummy panion Patented Jan.' 14, 1930 UNITED STATES CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY, oF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS', AssIcNoa 'ro CENTRIFIX ooni Parar orme PORATION, OF. CLEVELAND, OHIO, .5. CORPORATION OF OHIO GASv CLEANER IAppliiuttion led

llarch

10, 1926. Serial No. 93,797.

Myinvention relates to apparatus for freeing gas and air from impurities and has particular reference to the improvement of-blast furnace and producer gas cleaners; also warm and hot air cleaners. l

The cleaning of blast furnace gases of some `stack gases and of hot dusty air doubtless present the greatest number of difiicultiesto be surmounted and as my invention is adapted for successfull use even with such gases, the following description will be especially directed thereto.

, The further lobjects and the several elements of my invention and the novel process involved fully appear hereinafter and will be readily understood on reference to the accompanying` drawings. In 'said drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectlon of a gas cleaner of the downgoer type embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section lookin upward from the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 isa horizontal section lookin downward from the vline 3--3 of Fig. 1 ;v an Fig. 4 is a similansecy diseased is of the downgoertype. Immediately itis.

tion on the

line

4,4 of Fig.`1. As just stated, the apparatus here to be understood' that the chief feature of my invention and the hereindescribed process lof self aided 'separation are available for employment y gas cleaners of both the. upgoer and the h rizontal types. All arebroadly claimed herein; certain relatedv designs t e reof are specifically disclosed in my coma application. S. N. 94,083, of even date herewith. j

In the drawin 2 represents the vdowngoer inlet and 3l t e gas outlet. These are in laxial alinement and are widely separated.

The outlet is continued downward in the el-l bow 3 which terminates in the fiange 3".' Beginning at the inlet and extending downward and aroundand below the outlet 3 is a substantially cylindrical casing the bottom of which is formed into a hopper 4. As-shownv the elbow 3 extends preferably through one wall of the hopper 4; and the outlet opening' 3 is positioned well above the hopper. rThe body 5 of the casing is preferably somewhat larger at the bottom than at the top. It has a cover plate 6, of generally conical form that is attached to the lower end of the v,f 'as'pipe 2 at the ange 6'. The top of the casln'g may tially uniform spray or film of water that iiowsl downward upon'the outside ofthe casv ing, as indicated ,by the irregular lines'. 8

thereon. It will be understood kthat the trough here shown is merely a convenient form -of water sprayer and may be .replaced by other devices. The part 9 is a splice ring j that 1s supported at the top of the casing and.

spaced away from the outer surface thereof to assist in controlling the flow of water from the superposed spray headvor trou h. vAt th bottom the water'is caught in t e'annular trough 10 and is disposed of-through the drain pipe 10. f, y

The part 11 is av jacket spaced away from the bodyof the casing andthrough which air may be blown-or drawn to assist the water in `cooling the jacket for the purpose hereinafter explained. Or the use of water may be dis'- regarded and air alone used as the cooling agent. Conveniently, the trough 10 is formed into an air 'distributing ring or box 11 at the lower end of the casing and the air is delivered thereto through preferably tangential inlets 12, as shown'm Fig. 4. maximum of heat radiation from the casing it may be provided with a large number of radiating fins 13.

The acket and fins neednot be used where there is an abundance of cooling water avail able. Indeed the absorption of heat from the casing is sufficiently taken care of, in some cases, by merely exposing the casing tothe external cold air unaided by either water spray or air blast. l l 4 The member T is a whirl promoting or roducing tuyre which is suspended or ot erwise supported directly beneath 'and in open communication with the downcomer gas pipe Y 2. The member T herein shown comprises' a large number of tangentially positioned o ensure a blades 14, which are had at the apl by a ria and at the bottom rest upon the margin o the plate or closure '16. The latter receives the direct impact from the descending gases and by preference it is a tough'casting, man- I gane'sesteel'or the like, and is in the :form of a the other hand, if the tuyre T is held stationary, the, same in itself serves to direct and set the gases into vigorous rotation in a-direction indicated by the dotted arrows 18 of Fig. 3. Either directiomof rotation is suitable so far as the other p'arts ofthe gas cleaner are concerned and the user is left to his choice .A attention. By securelyhanging '80 -but should understand that' the member T when'used as a fan requires the expenditure of some little power for its rotation and, further, thatA because of unequal wear the `member T may rather quickly get out of balance and to that extent requiremaintenance or locking the member 4T in lplace and against rotation the same rotative effect upon the gas ,is se' cured at an expense of very little resistance to the gas flow and withoutzthe expenditure of external power; further, the effects of wear or abrasion by the particles carried bythe gas are less noticeable. .I-Iowever, asf some will desire to use` a tuyere which rotates, I .have herein shown what I regard as the best means for its support and rotation.

vvThe means just referred to com rise a central shaft 21 which rises through t e clear gas space within the casing.V The lower end of the shaft is provided with a tightly enclosed step bearing 19 which preferably hangs.v from the lower side of the elbow 3.. The' step casting also encloses the'gearing20 through the medium of which the shaft 21 is rotated from the motor 22 that is supported on the 'hopper bottomf 4.- The tu re bottomv 16 has a hub 16'al which is rigi ly fastened tothe up er end ofthe shaft 21. Thus both shafty an 'tuvre are .supported by the step bearing 19. The necessary second ea'ring 23 is arranged directly inthel clear gas space close beneath the tuyre bottom 16 and is sup-v ported by arms 23 that extend upward from voo the flan e or margin 3L of the gasoutlet 3. The gas aving been cleaned before it reaches the axial portion ofthe casing, it vshould be ap arent that the parts'23, 23', 21 and 20,

su erlittle wear and are of a substantially permanent character; Precautionary dust shields or collars 24 and 25 are provided at the upper ends of the bearing 23 and 20 respec tively.-

', The member 26is a wide flan e or collar"v been thrown tothe bottom of the casing, as j hereafter ex ilained.

The part 2 at the lower end ofthe gas pipe 2 is a guard `collar which bridges the gap betweenthe lowerfendof that pipe .and the top or ring 15 of the tuyre'T. The ring 27 may be dispensed with and the ring 15 is attached directly to the top ofthe casing, that is, when the .tuyre i's to be used as a stationary,'non rotative member., I

vAt times, and perhaps at all times,lit is desirable to add moisture to the gases and I provide novel meansto that end. Said means comprise the tangential water jet. pipes or nozzle 28 which are fixed in and project into the gas pipe 2. In each case a slot is cut in the pipe 2 `and the pipe laid in the slot. As best shown in Fig. 2each pipe is formed by a casting that has a -lange which covers the slot in the pipe and serves as a convenient means of attachment. One or more of these jet pipes may beused at the lower end of the pipe. 2 and if desired also at the top of the malncasing.

As about lto `be explained, the gas vto be cleaned ishot, hot enough to form its contents of water into steam and at no timeis enou h water used from the spray pipe to so lower te temperatureof the'gas as to avoid theevaporation of any water that may chance to belon suspended therein. Anticipating the fu disclosure of my novel process, it may here be mentioned that thewater involved instead of being permitted to .pass into suspension is carefully retained upon the externally cooled walls of the described casing and is thus kept in the form of water, atleast until the dust,

has beenv delivered to the hopper 4. Generally, the hopper need not be externally cooled, except as it is exposed to the external.

The latter is one of the chief aims of my inv vention.

The gas which enters the casing throu h the inlet 2 and the tu. re T contains usu y a high percentage lo moisture in the `form of su'erheated steam. That is,- the gas is usua y at a temperature exceeding 212.F.

and `contains so large an excess of heat a's to superheat the steam.l The tuyre, whether it be rotated or stationaryv serves'to project the dust laden gases into rotation and against the opposed wall of the casin thereby the centrifugal separation of the u'st is brou ht about and coincidently the moisture la en gas is caused to impact against the walls which are capable of absorbing the heat of the gases and steam, thus thrown into contact therewith. In this lmanner considerable steam is'c'ondensed on the inner walls with .the result that the inner surfaceiof the casing of dust, the jets may be turned on to ensure the uniform wetting of the internal surfaces of the casing. Indeed a small amount of water may be continually admitted through one or more jets, thus positioned at the top of the casing for the purpose of establishing a proper margin of'safety in the matter of retaining the dust thatis centrifugally separated against the aforesaid surfaces.

The gas that is set in rotation by the tuyre being constantly displaced at the top, naturally whirls towards the bottom of the casing and sweeping its walls 'aids in the positive delivery of the separated cases to the hopper 4' or other receiving space. There is little, if

. any, actual iiow of gas in that 'part of the hopper which is below the

flanges

3a and 26 at the-top oftheelbow, instead the gas which has been freed from dust against the casing is displaced inwardly, toward the axis of the casing and thus reaches the outlet 3. y To ensure the quiet movement of the gas at that time, the ap or space between the bottom of the tuy re and the outlet 3 is made very much larger than necessary for the accommodation of a stream of a size delined by the inlet 2. Thereby possible remixing effects are avoided and the dust is left in whirling condition along with the moisture on the wall of the casing. By far the better way in which to operate this apparatus is by condensing the dust retentive moisture on the inner surfaceb of the casing or by supplying the same through the described jets or equivalent means, but nevertheless it is to be understood that my invention comprehends the employment 'of the dust catcher without such aids, that is in a completely dry process.

Further various other modifications of my invention and different embodiments thereof will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.v Therefore my invention as to both scope andessential details is to be interpreted and ascertained from the appended claims as read in the light of the foregoing and is not to be construed as limited to the specific structures herein shown and described.

Having thus described my inventionV I Y claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters- Patent:

l. The hereindescribed dust collector adapted for cleaning gases which contain -con densible vapors, comprising a vertical casing having a hopper bottom and joined by an inlet pipe Yat `the top, in 'combination with an outlet centrallyV positioned within said casing far below said inlet, a pipe leading outward from said outlet, a whirl promoting tuyre positioned at the top of said casing in communication-with said inlet, and means for externally cooling the walls of said casing to the extent required to condense the vapors which impact the inner surface 0f said casing.

2. The hereindescribed dust collector, comprising a vertical casing having a bottom dust lcavity and joined by an inlet pipe at the top, in combination with an outlet centrally positioned within said casing-far below said inlet, a pipe leading outward from said outj let, awhirl promoting tuyre positioned at the top of said casing in communication with said inlet, and means for coating the external surface of said casing with liquid.

3. The hereindescribed dust collector adapted for cleaningY gases Awhich containl condensible vapors, comprisingja vertical casingV having a bottom dust cavity and joined by an inlet pipe at the top, in combination with an outlet centrally positioned within said ycasing far below said inlet, a pipe leading outward from said outlet, a whirl promoting tuyre positioned at the top' of said 'casing in rcommunication with said inlet, and means for air cooling the external surface of said casing to the extent required to condense the hot vapors Vwhich impact the inner surface of the casing.

4. The hereindescribed dust collector adapted for cleaning gases which contain condensible vapors, comprisinga vertical casing having a bottom dust cavity and joined by an inlet pipe at the top, in combination with an outlet centrally positioned within said casing far below sai'd inlet, a pipe leading outward from said outlet, a whirl promoting tuyre positioned at 'the top of said casing in communication with said inlet, and means for both water and air cooling the external surface of said casing to the extent required tocondense the hot vapors which impact the inner surface of the casing.

prising a casing havinga dust cavity at the bottom and joined by a hot gas pipe at the top, in combination with an outlet positioned within said casing above said cavity, a hot gas pipe leading from said outlet, av whirl promoting tuyre positioned far above said outlet, within said casing'and receiving the hot gas from said inlet, means for spreading water upon the internal surfaces of said tuyre to maintain a moisture film thereon, and means foreaternally'cooling said casing to prevent the evaporation of said film by the heat of the hot gas and to4 condense the hot vapors which impaet'the inner surface of the cas1ng.

In testimony whereof I have hertunto set my hand this 9th day of March, A.. D. 1926..

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY.