US1741519A - Dephlegmator or fractionating column - Google Patents

Dephlegmator or fractionating column Download PDF

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US1741519A
US1741519A US153782A US15378226A US1741519A US 1741519 A US1741519 A US 1741519A US 153782 A US153782 A US 153782A US 15378226 A US15378226 A US 15378226A US 1741519 A US1741519 A US 1741519A
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liquid
deck
vapor
dephlegmator
conduit
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US153782A
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Lyman C Huff
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Universal Oil Products Co
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Universal Oil Products Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/26—Fractionating columns in which vapour and liquid flow past each other, or in which the fluid is sprayed into the vapour, or in which a two-phase mixture is passed in one direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/16—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
    • B01D3/18—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal bubble plates
    • B01D3/20—Bubble caps; Risers for vapour; Discharge pipes for liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/54—Venturi scrubbers

Definitions

  • the improvements of the present invention more particularly relate to a de hlegmator or fractionating column provide with spaced decks OD-WlllCh are posltioned ejector nozzles so constructed that the vapors passing therethrou h draw in li uid and elevate it to the top the nozzles, t ereby effecting intlmate contact between the liquid and vapors and creating circulation in the body of liquid on each deck.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagra-mmatlc view of a fractionating tower equipped with ejector devices accordin to the present inventlon.
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical 7 sectional view of a section of a deck illustrating the construction of one type of ejector nozzle in combination with the liquid overflow pipe.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 illustratin a slightly diflerent form of ejector nozzle.
  • ig. 5 is another view similar to Fig. 2 illustrating an ejector nozzle having a spaced cap portion.
  • 1 designates the shell of a dephlegmator or fractionating column which in the present instance, is illustrated as disposed in a vertical plane.
  • This shell 1 is preferably made of metal, and depending upon the capacity of the plant with which it is used, may be from two to five feet in diameter more or less, and from twenty to thirty feet high more or less.
  • Its upper end is closed by a removable top cap 2 in which cap is disposed a vapor outlet pipe 3 which ma be controlled by a throttle valve (not shown)
  • a vapor inlet pipe 4 in which may be interposed a throttle valve (not shown) is shown in the lower portion of the shell 1, as is also a reflux condensate or llquid drawofi pipe 5 in which is interposed the valve 6.
  • each of these plates is provided with holes to receive the base of the ejector nozzles designated as a whole 8, which ejector nozzles project upwardly from said plate and are supported thereby.
  • Each ejector nozzle comprises an inner vapor conduit or passageway 9 defined by the Walls 10, which at their lower edge are provided with the flange or shoulder portions 11 for the purpose of being supported on the deck 7.
  • Adjacent to and spaced from the exterior walls of the walls 10 are walls 12 which define liquid passageways 13.
  • each ejector nozzle is preferably roadened out or provided with an enlarged surface for the purpose of-permitting a gradual overflow in the form of films and the like, rather than an abrupt overflow.
  • Cooling liquid or reflux condensate, or both, is permitted to build up in a substantial body as indicated by the letter A. (Fig. 2) on each deck 7.
  • a liquid overflow pipe 16 is provided for each deck 7.
  • this overflow pipe 16 is preferably maintained below the upper edge of the ejector nozzles 8 for the purpose of preventing the liquid in body A. overflowing the top of the ejector nozzles and defeating the purpose t e invention.
  • a shield or bafiie 17 disposed 1n spaced apart relation relative to the pipes 16 by the spiders or other supporting element 18.
  • This baffle or shield 17 is provided to keep the liquid from splashin over into the overflow pipe 16 and also to raw ofl liquid from the lower section of the liquid body.
  • the bottom of these overflow pipes 16 preferably extends below the liquid level A. on the deck below in order to form a liquid seal.
  • Perforated plates 19 may be provided between each deck above the Iejector nozzles, the perforations being so arranged that imperforate portions are disposed immediately above the outlet from the ejector nozzles to divert the vapors and prevent channelin Cooling liquid may be introduced throug either or both of the lines 20 and 21 in which are interposed valves 23..
  • the arrangement is such that vapors ascend only through the ejector nozzles. It is obvious that there may be any number of these nozzles on a deck, and that there may be one or more overflow pipes of desired size.
  • the overflow or down pipe 24 from the lower deck 7 extends well down into the reflux leg, and may discharge into an inverted cap 25 in order to convey the liquid out of the zone of incoming vapors which enter through the pipe 4. It is desirable that the liquid from the bottom tray be carried into the reflux leg without coming in direct contact with the incoming hot vapors, as it has been found that frequently the continuous rain of reflux and cooling liquid coming in contact with the incomin vapors causes an entrainment in said rain 0% lighter fractions of the vapors which necessarily have to be either removed before the reflux is returned for retreatment, or retreated.
  • the openin s 13 may be placed either below the liquid devel as illustrated, at the liquid level, or at any position under the liquid level.
  • the ejector nozzle illustrated in Fig. 4 is similar in appearance to ejector nozzle 8 illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, except that it is higher and causes the liquid to be carried to a higher elevation.
  • the outside surface of the nozzle is corrugated as illustrated at' 26 in order to expose the overflowing liquid to 3:016 surface to assist in liberating the light on
  • the ejector nozzle illustrated in Fig. 5' is of similar design to the nozzle illustrated in Figs.
  • cap portion 27 is placed over the outlet in order-to accomplish the same purpose as the imperforate portions of the plate 19. Where a nozzle of the ty e illustrated in Fig. 5 is used, it may be ound desirable to dispense with plates 19.
  • the cap 27 functions to break the bination a shell having impact of the rising vapors and throw the liquid particles which might be carried upwardly back into the body of liquid;
  • the dephlegmator of the present invention is adapted for use either under atmospheric, superatmospheric or sub-atmospheric pressure. It may be found desirable as illustrated in the drawings, to position the overflow pipes 16 alternately on each side of alternate decks.
  • A. dephlegmator comprising in combination a shell having a vapor and a vapor outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, spaced superimposed decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for each deck having portions projecting above the deck to permit the accumulation of bodies of liquid on each deck, vapor passageways mounted on each deck, said vapor passageways including a centrally positioned vapor conduit and a surrounding liquid conduit, said conduits merging into a common passageway at the upper part thereof, the lower end of said vapor conduit projecting through the associated deck, the lower end of the surrounding li uid conduit terminating above the deck but be ow the level of the liquid accumulated thereon.
  • a dephleginator comprising in c0mbination a shell having a vapor inlet and a vapor outlet, :1 liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, spaced superimposed decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for each deck having portions projecting abovethe deck to permit the accumulation of bodies of liquid on each deck, vapor passageways mounted on each deck, said vapor passageways including a centrally positioned vapor conduit and a surrounding liquid conduit, said conduits merging into a common passageway at the upper part thereof, said common passageway terminating above the level of the body of liquid accumulated on the deck, the lower end of said vapor conduit projecting through the associated deck, the lower end of the surrounding liquid conduit terminating above the deck but below the level of the liquid abcumulated thereon.
  • a dephlegmator comprising in comvapor inlet and outlet openings, a liquid outlet from the lower portion of the shell, decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for each deck, said pipes being so arranged that a body of liquid is permitted to accumulate on each deck, a vapor conduit extending through and projecting above each deck, an annular liquid conduit surrounding said vapor conduit, said annular conduit and said vapor conduit merging at their upper portions into a single passageway, said single passageway projecting above the body of the liquid on the associated deck. the lower end spaced superimposed I of said annular liquid conduit terminating above said deck but below the level of the body of liquid thereon.
  • a dephlegmator comprisin in combination a shell having a vapor in ct and outlet and a liquid inlet and outlet, spaced superimposed decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for-each deck having a portion projecting above the deck to permit accumulation of liquid thereon, vapor passageways in each deck comprising ejector elements forming separate vapor and liquid passageways merging in a commonvpassageway, the upper edge of each ejector being broadened out to provide an enlarged surface for permitting a gradual overflow in the form of a film.

Description

L. C. HUFF DEPHLEGMATOR OR FRACTIONATING COLUMN Dec. 31, 1929.
Filed Deg. 10, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet z/entar 20 vertical sectional I Patented Dec. 31, 1929 PATENT OFFICE LYMAN C. am, OF CHICAGO,
ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR 'I'O UNIVERSAL OIL PBODITCTS COI- PANY, O1 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA DEPHLEGHA'I'OB OB FRACTIONATING COLUMN Application filed December 10, 1926. Serial No. 153,782.
The improvements of the present invention more particularly relate to a de hlegmator or fractionating column provide with spaced decks OD-WlllCh are posltioned ejector nozzles so constructed that the vapors passing therethrou h draw in li uid and elevate it to the top the nozzles, t ereby effecting intlmate contact between the liquid and vapors and creating circulation in the body of liquid on each deck.
It is of the utmost importance in the fractionation or dephlegmation of hydrocarbon oil vapors, particularly that a maximum 1nt1- mate contact take place between the 011 and vapors for the purpose of securing efiicient fractionation. The present inventlon has been designed to accomplish this in a very effective manner.
In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagra-mmatlc view of a fractionating tower equipped with ejector devices accordin to the present inventlon.
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical 7 sectional view of a section of a deck illustrating the construction of one type of ejector nozzle in combination with the liquid overflow pipe.
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 illustratin a slightly diflerent form of ejector nozzle. ig. 5 is another view similar to Fig. 2 illustrating an ejector nozzle having a spaced cap portion.
Referring more in detail to the drawings, 1 designates the shell of a dephlegmator or fractionating column which in the present instance, is illustrated as disposed in a vertical plane. This shell 1 is preferably made of metal, and depending upon the capacity of the plant with which it is used, may be from two to five feet in diameter more or less, and from twenty to thirty feet high more or less. Its upper end is closed by a removable top cap 2 in which cap is disposed a vapor outlet pipe 3 which ma be controlled by a throttle valve (not shown A vapor inlet pipe 4 in which may be interposed a throttle valve (not shown) is shown in the lower portion of the shell 1, as is also a reflux condensate or llquid drawofi pipe 5 in which is interposed the valve 6.
Referring now more particularly to the structure comprising part of the present invention, throughout the height of the dephlegmator there are provided superposed spaced decks or trays 7 supportedin any obvious manner, for instance by lugs projecting from the inside wall of the shell. Each of these plates is provided with holes to receive the base of the ejector nozzles designated as a whole 8, which ejector nozzles project upwardly from said plate and are supported thereby. Each ejector nozzle comprises an inner vapor conduit or passageway 9 defined by the Walls 10, which at their lower edge are provided with the flange or shoulder portions 11 for the purpose of being supported on the deck 7. Adjacent to and spaced from the exterior walls of the walls 10 are walls 12 which define liquid passageways 13. These liquid passageways 13 and the walls 12 as well as the walls 10 sweep or flare inwardly to the upper edge of conduit 9 where they meet in the space 14. The up er edge of each ejector nozzle is preferably roadened out or provided with an enlarged surface for the purpose of-permitting a gradual overflow in the form of films and the like, rather than an abrupt overflow.
The operation of the ejector nozzle should be apparent from the description and the illustration shown in the drawings. Cooling liquid or reflux condensate, or both, is permitted to build up in a substantial body as indicated by the letter A. (Fig. 2) on each deck 7. As the vapors sweep upwardly through the conduit 9 and exit into the space 14 the force of these vapors will create in effeet a suction action in the liquid passageways 13, thus elevating liquid from the body A. through the passageways 13 and 14 to the top of the nozzle thereby effecting an intimate contact between the liquid and vapors and also creating circulation in the body of liquid on the plate. A liquid overflow pipe 16 is provided for each deck 7. The upperedge of this overflow pipe 16 is preferably maintained below the upper edge of the ejector nozzles 8 for the purpose of preventing the liquid in body A. overflowing the top of the ejector nozzles and defeating the purpose t e invention. At the entrance to eac overflow pipe 16 is a shield or bafiie 17 disposed 1n spaced apart relation relative to the pipes 16 by the spiders or other supporting element 18.. This baffle or shield 17 is provided to keep the liquid from splashin over into the overflow pipe 16 and also to raw ofl liquid from the lower section of the liquid body. The bottom of these overflow pipes 16 preferably extends below the liquid level A. on the deck below in order to form a liquid seal.
Perforated plates 19 may be provided between each deck above the Iejector nozzles, the perforations being so arranged that imperforate portions are disposed immediately above the outlet from the ejector nozzles to divert the vapors and prevent channelin Cooling liquid may be introduced throug either or both of the lines 20 and 21 in which are interposed valves 23.. The arrangement is such that vapors ascend only through the ejector nozzles. It is obvious that there may be any number of these nozzles on a deck, and that there may be one or more overflow pipes of desired size.
As another feature of the present invention, the overflow or down pipe 24 from the lower deck 7 extends well down into the reflux leg, and may discharge into an inverted cap 25 in order to convey the liquid out of the zone of incoming vapors which enter through the pipe 4. It is desirable that the liquid from the bottom tray be carried into the reflux leg without coming in direct contact with the incoming hot vapors, as it has been found that frequently the continuous rain of reflux and cooling liquid coming in contact with the incomin vapors causes an entrainment in said rain 0% lighter fractions of the vapors which necessarily have to be either removed before the reflux is returned for retreatment, or retreated. It is to be understood of course, that the openin s 13 may be placed either below the liquid devel as illustrated, at the liquid level, or at any position under the liquid level. The ejector nozzle illustrated in Fig. 4 is similar in appearance to ejector nozzle 8 illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, except that it is higher and causes the liquid to be carried to a higher elevation. In addition, the outside surface of the nozzle is corrugated as illustrated at' 26 in order to expose the overflowing liquid to 3:016 surface to assist in liberating the light on The ejector nozzle illustrated in Fig. 5'is of similar design to the nozzle illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, and in addition the spaced cap portion 27 is placed over the outlet in order-to accomplish the same purpose as the imperforate portions of the plate 19. Where a nozzle of the ty e illustrated in Fig. 5 is used, it may be ound desirable to dispense with plates 19. The cap 27 functions to break the bination a shell having impact of the rising vapors and throw the liquid particles which might be carried upwardly back into the body of liquid;
It is tube understood that the dephlegmator of the present invention is adapted for use either under atmospheric, superatmospheric or sub-atmospheric pressure. It may be found desirable as illustrated in the drawings, to position the overflow pipes 16 alternately on each side of alternate decks.
I claim as my invention:
1. A. dephlegmator comprising in combination a shell having a vapor and a vapor outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, spaced superimposed decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for each deck having portions projecting above the deck to permit the accumulation of bodies of liquid on each deck, vapor passageways mounted on each deck, said vapor passageways including a centrally positioned vapor conduit and a surrounding liquid conduit, said conduits merging into a common passageway at the upper part thereof, the lower end of said vapor conduit projecting through the associated deck, the lower end of the surrounding li uid conduit terminating above the deck but be ow the level of the liquid accumulated thereon.
2. A dephleginator comprising in c0mbination a shell having a vapor inlet and a vapor outlet, :1 liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, spaced superimposed decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for each deck having portions projecting abovethe deck to permit the accumulation of bodies of liquid on each deck, vapor passageways mounted on each deck, said vapor passageways including a centrally positioned vapor conduit and a surrounding liquid conduit, said conduits merging into a common passageway at the upper part thereof, said common passageway terminating above the level of the body of liquid accumulated on the deck, the lower end of said vapor conduit projecting through the associated deck, the lower end of the surrounding liquid conduit terminating above the deck but below the level of the liquid abcumulated thereon.
3. A dephlegmator comprising in comvapor inlet and outlet openings, a liquid outlet from the lower portion of the shell, decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for each deck, said pipes being so arranged that a body of liquid is permitted to accumulate on each deck, a vapor conduit extending through and projecting above each deck, an annular liquid conduit surrounding said vapor conduit, said annular conduit and said vapor conduit merging at their upper portions into a single passageway, said single passageway projecting above the body of the liquid on the associated deck. the lower end spaced superimposed I of said annular liquid conduit terminating above said deck but below the level of the body of liquid thereon.
4. A dephlegmator comprisin in combination a shell having a vapor in ct and outlet and a liquid inlet and outlet, spaced superimposed decks mounted in said shell, liquid overflow pipes for-each deck having a portion projecting above the deck to permit accumulation of liquid thereon, vapor passageways in each deck comprising ejector elements forming separate vapor and liquid passageways merging in a commonvpassageway, the upper edge of each ejector being broadened out to provide an enlarged surface for permitting a gradual overflow in the form of a film.
LYMAN C. HUFF.
US153782A 1926-12-10 1926-12-10 Dephlegmator or fractionating column Expired - Lifetime US1741519A (en)

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416724A (en) * 1944-10-09 1947-03-04 Phillips Petroleum Co Fractionation apparatus
US2457658A (en) * 1946-09-12 1948-12-28 Peabody Engineering Corp Gas and liquid contact apparatus
US2497136A (en) * 1946-08-27 1950-02-14 Standard Oil Dev Co Vapor-liquid contacting unit
US2507325A (en) * 1947-11-17 1950-05-09 Petro Chem Process Company Inc Bubble tower construction and method of fractionating vapors
US2510590A (en) * 1948-02-25 1950-06-06 Lummus Co Liquid-contact device
US2523126A (en) * 1947-11-20 1950-09-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Apparatus for countercurrent contact of fluid materials
US2580791A (en) * 1950-07-17 1952-01-01 Infilco Inc Deaerating apparatus
US2581881A (en) * 1948-06-11 1952-01-08 Du Pont Aqueous formaldehyde distillation
US2797904A (en) * 1953-11-27 1957-07-02 James T Voorheis Multiple venturi scrubber
US2804941A (en) * 1956-02-21 1957-09-03 Arthur J L Hutchinson Vapor-liquid contacting method
US2804935A (en) * 1956-07-27 1957-09-03 Arthur J L Hutchinson Vapor-liquid contacting apparatus
US2924295A (en) * 1953-12-08 1960-02-09 Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc Method and apparatus for contacting liquids and vapors
US3295841A (en) * 1963-02-19 1967-01-03 William L Rifenberick Liquid-vapor contact method and apparatus
US3332214A (en) * 1965-11-10 1967-07-25 Nat Dust Collector Corp Method and apparatus for collecting contaminants from gases
US3334470A (en) * 1965-11-10 1967-08-08 Nat Dust Collector Corp Method and apparatus for collecting contaminants from gases
US3357688A (en) * 1964-04-09 1967-12-12 Whirlpool Co Rectifier for absorption refrigeration system
US3381679A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-05-07 American Air Filter Co Ventilation and scrubbing assembly
US3396515A (en) * 1967-03-23 1968-08-13 Neal A. Wright Air dryer
US3399870A (en) * 1964-06-25 1968-09-03 Shell Oil Co Apparatus for contacting gases and liquids
US4164399A (en) * 1977-09-28 1979-08-14 American Air Filter Company, Inc. Wet scrubbing device
US4578226A (en) * 1983-01-22 1986-03-25 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke Ag Venturi scrubber for dust-laden gases
US20040183216A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2004-09-23 Alan Cross Gas - liquid contactor
US20050045100A1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2005-03-03 Derderian Garo J. Reactors, systems with reaction chambers, and methods for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US20050217575A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Dan Gealy Ampoules for producing a reaction gas and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers
US20080029028A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2008-02-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for depositing material onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers
US7581511B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-09-01 Micron Technology, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing microfeatures on workpieces using plasma vapor processes
US7588804B2 (en) 2002-08-15 2009-09-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Reactors with isolated gas connectors and methods for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US7699932B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-04-20 Micron Technology, Inc. Reactors, systems and methods for depositing thin films onto microfeature workpieces
US8133554B2 (en) 2004-05-06 2012-03-13 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods for depositing material onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces
US20120073663A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-03-29 Uop Llc Apparatus and process for distributing vapor and liquid phases
WO2013166528A1 (en) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Mintek Mixer settler column

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416724A (en) * 1944-10-09 1947-03-04 Phillips Petroleum Co Fractionation apparatus
US2497136A (en) * 1946-08-27 1950-02-14 Standard Oil Dev Co Vapor-liquid contacting unit
US2457658A (en) * 1946-09-12 1948-12-28 Peabody Engineering Corp Gas and liquid contact apparatus
US2507325A (en) * 1947-11-17 1950-05-09 Petro Chem Process Company Inc Bubble tower construction and method of fractionating vapors
US2523126A (en) * 1947-11-20 1950-09-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Apparatus for countercurrent contact of fluid materials
US2510590A (en) * 1948-02-25 1950-06-06 Lummus Co Liquid-contact device
US2581881A (en) * 1948-06-11 1952-01-08 Du Pont Aqueous formaldehyde distillation
US2580791A (en) * 1950-07-17 1952-01-01 Infilco Inc Deaerating apparatus
US2797904A (en) * 1953-11-27 1957-07-02 James T Voorheis Multiple venturi scrubber
US2924295A (en) * 1953-12-08 1960-02-09 Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc Method and apparatus for contacting liquids and vapors
US2804941A (en) * 1956-02-21 1957-09-03 Arthur J L Hutchinson Vapor-liquid contacting method
US2804935A (en) * 1956-07-27 1957-09-03 Arthur J L Hutchinson Vapor-liquid contacting apparatus
US3295841A (en) * 1963-02-19 1967-01-03 William L Rifenberick Liquid-vapor contact method and apparatus
US3357688A (en) * 1964-04-09 1967-12-12 Whirlpool Co Rectifier for absorption refrigeration system
US3399870A (en) * 1964-06-25 1968-09-03 Shell Oil Co Apparatus for contacting gases and liquids
US3334470A (en) * 1965-11-10 1967-08-08 Nat Dust Collector Corp Method and apparatus for collecting contaminants from gases
US3332214A (en) * 1965-11-10 1967-07-25 Nat Dust Collector Corp Method and apparatus for collecting contaminants from gases
US3381679A (en) * 1966-05-26 1968-05-07 American Air Filter Co Ventilation and scrubbing assembly
US3396515A (en) * 1967-03-23 1968-08-13 Neal A. Wright Air dryer
US4164399A (en) * 1977-09-28 1979-08-14 American Air Filter Company, Inc. Wet scrubbing device
US4578226A (en) * 1983-01-22 1986-03-25 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke Ag Venturi scrubber for dust-laden gases
US7588804B2 (en) 2002-08-15 2009-09-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Reactors with isolated gas connectors and methods for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US20050045100A1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2005-03-03 Derderian Garo J. Reactors, systems with reaction chambers, and methods for depositing materials onto micro-device workpieces
US20040183216A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2004-09-23 Alan Cross Gas - liquid contactor
US6832754B2 (en) * 2003-03-18 2004-12-21 Alan Cross Gas-liquid contactor
US20080029028A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2008-02-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for depositing material onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers
US7581511B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-09-01 Micron Technology, Inc. Apparatus and methods for manufacturing microfeatures on workpieces using plasma vapor processes
US7584942B2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2009-09-08 Micron Technology, Inc. Ampoules for producing a reaction gas and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers
US20050217575A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Dan Gealy Ampoules for producing a reaction gas and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers
US8133554B2 (en) 2004-05-06 2012-03-13 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods for depositing material onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces
US9023436B2 (en) 2004-05-06 2015-05-05 Micron Technology, Inc. Methods for depositing material onto microfeature workpieces in reaction chambers and systems for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces
US7699932B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2010-04-20 Micron Technology, Inc. Reactors, systems and methods for depositing thin films onto microfeature workpieces
US20120073663A1 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-03-29 Uop Llc Apparatus and process for distributing vapor and liquid phases
US8517353B2 (en) * 2010-09-27 2013-08-27 Uop Llc Apparatus and process for distributing vapor and liquid phases
WO2013166528A1 (en) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Mintek Mixer settler column
AU2013255986B2 (en) * 2012-05-02 2017-08-03 Mintek Mixer settler column

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