US1735769A - Stabilizer - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 12, 1929.

A. w. F. MANZEL STABILIZER Filed Feb. 27, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet l //v Vi VfO/Pq m MW Nov. 12, 1929. A. w. F. MANZEL STABILIZER Filed Feb. 27, l928 3 Sheets-Sheet Nov. 12, 1929. I A. w. F. MANZEL STABILIZER Filed Feb. 27, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet Patented Nov. 12 1929 OFFICE ADoLPH w. F. MANZEL, F

BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR'TO MANZEL BROTHERS (70., OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK STABILIZER Application filed February 27, 1928. Serial No. 257,293.

This invention relates to stabilizers for controlling relative movements of two parts, and particularly to the type commonly known as shock absorbers and widely used on motor vehicles for controlling relative movements of the chassis frame and axles.

An object of this invention is to generally improve and simplify stabilizers.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizer in which the operating arm may be connected to an oscillating shaft in a simple, effective manner; with which relative movement of the arm and shaft will be effectively prevented; and with which the arm may be easily and quickly removed should occasion demand. I

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizer of the fluid control type, with which relative movement in one direction of the parts to be controlled may be selectively and variably regulated independently of the regulation or control of the relative movement in thereverse direction; with which leakage of the control fluid will be effectively prevented; and with which expansions and contractions of the control fluid will be permitted without interference with the operation of the stabilizer.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizer which may be secured to one of the parts to be controlled in a simple and practical manner; and which may belargely or entirely formed of malleable metal and drawn or die formed to the desired size and form.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizer of the fluid controlled type, with which the use of packing to prevent loss of fluid will be largely or entirely unnecessary.

A further object "of the invention is to provide. an improved stabilizer of the fluid control type having improved Valve devices for controlling the fluid flow created by operation of'the movable parts of the stabilizer; with which the resistance to operation of the movable parts may be varied in a simple and practical manner; and with which maximum travel of the displacement member in a relatively small casing may be obtained in a simple manner.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizer which will be relatively simple, compact, light in Weight, effective in action, durable and inexpensive.

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection with the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a stabilizer of the fluid control type, constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan of the same;

Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the same;

' Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the same, with the casing applied to one of the parts to be controlled;

Fig. 5 is a transverse, sectional elevation of the same, the section being taken approximately along the line 55 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is another sectional elevation of the same, with the section taken approximately along the line 66 of Fig. 2; I

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation similar to Fig. 6, but illustrating the parts in a different operative condition; Fig. 8 is a front elevation'of the partition wall dividing the shell into two compartments; I

Fig. 9 is a plan of the same;

Fig. 10 is a transverse section of the same, the section being taken approximately along the line 10-1O of Fig. 8;

F ig.' 11 is a fragmentary, sectional eleva- .tlOIl of a portion of the device, and illustrating a modified construction of the control valve; v

Fig. 12 is a similar, fragmentary sectional elevation illustrating a still further embodiment of the controlling valve device; and

Fig. 13 is an elevation of the valve sleeve. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 10, the stabilizer includes .a shell 1 of cylindrical shape, having a tubular boss 2 extending axially outwardly from one end wall thereof and, closed at its outer Q spaced points of the shell, and this wall has end. The opposite end wall 3 of the casing may be removably attached to the shell in any suitable manner, such as by threading the wall 3 into the open side of the shell 1, as shown clearly in Fig. 5. The shaft 4 extends through a boss 50f the removable end wall 3, and is rotatably supported in the tubular boss 2 in the opposite end wall of the shell. The portion of the shaft between the end walls of the shell has an arcuate peripheral portion or surface 7 for considerably more than halfof its periphery, andthe remaining periphery is undercut and merges into a laterally extending wing 8 which has a thickness considerably less than the diameter of the arcuate portion 7. The wing 8 at its free end extends into close proximity to and fits the inner periphery of the shell 1, with only sufiicient clearance between the free end of the wing" 8 and the inner periphery of the shell to provide for lubrication between them.

A partition wall 9 extends chordlike across the, interior of the shell between peripherally an arcuate bearing surface 10 bearing upon the arcuate portion 7 of the shaft 4. The wall 9 has arcuate ends which fit tightly against the inner arcuate periphery of the shell, and is held against displacement or rotation by sleeves 11 which are inserted through apertures 12 in the periphery of the shell and threaded into openings or cavities 13 in the ends of the wall 9. A sleeve 11 is provided for each end of the wall 9, and the outer end of each sleeve is closed by a plug 14 which is threaded into the interior of the sleeve for adjustment to various extents along the sleeve.

The wall 9 divides the interior of the shell into two compartments, one of which may be designated or referred to as a control chamber 15 in which the shaft 4 and the wing 8 are disposed, and the other of which may be referred to as a reservoir-16. The wall 9 is provided with a plurality of passages 17 leading from the control chamber 15 at opposite sides of the shaft, and then ex tending approximately radially of the shell to the openings or cavities 13 in the outer ends of the partition wall 9. A branch passage 18 leads from the radial section of each passage 17 to the reservoir 16. A

piston 19 fits and slides in the radialsection of each passage 17 from the openings or cavities 13, and each pistonmayhave a collar 20 thereon limiting the extent tp which it will I move radially and inwardly in the passage 17. Preferably each piston 19 extends nearly across the opening from the passage 17 into the branch passage 18, so as to normally permit but a slight or restricted fluid flow from the passage 17 to the branch passage 18. A.

helical compression spring 21 is fitted over the outer end of each piston 19 and compressed between it and the inner face ofthe will be pushed outwardl and the fluid flow into the uncovered branc passage 18 will increase.

Thus the greater the pressure in the passage 17, the reater will be the extent of movement of t e piston 19 and consequently the larger the restricted opening through which the fluid passes from the passage 17 to the passage 18. A tubular cap 22 is threaded over and closes the outer end of the sleeve, and at its inner end seats against a shoulder 23 or collar on the outer periphery of the sleeve 11. The outer end of each sleeve 11 may be provided with a purality' of radial slits or slots 24 which extend from the outer end of the sleeve lengthwise thereof for some extent and towards the shoulder '23. r v The threads within the closing cap 22 are preferably tapered in a converging manner towards the closed end of the cap, so that when the cap is threaded upon the outer end of its related sleeve ,11,

its tapered threads will force the sections formed by the slits 24 inwardly into tight engagement with the lug 14:. To facilitate the inward flexing of t e sections of the slotted end of the sleeve 11, the sleeve may be provided with an annular groove 25 adjacent the shoulder 23, and in its outer periphery. When the cap 22 is threaded over the sleeve 11 and seated against the shoulder 23 the slotted end sections at the outer end of each sleeve 11 will be wedged or clamped between the cap and the plug 14, with the result that the plug 14 will be tightl further adjustment in eitli the cap 22 will be firmly secured against being unthreaded from the sleeve 11. The seating of the cap 22 against the shoulder 23 tightly closes the outer end of the sleeve 11;

The outer end of the shaft 4 may be noncircular or polygonal inshape, such as hexagonal, and an operating arm 26 is provided, adjacent one end, with a hexagonal aperture 27 which is fitted over the hexagonal end of the shaft 4. The end of the arm 26'ad-jacent 'the aperture 27 thereof is clamped against er direction, and

gether and tightly clamped upon the hexagonal end of the shaft 24. To prevent endwise displacement of the arm 26 upon the shaft 4," a kerf or slot 30 maybe cut transversely acrossthe hexagonal end of the shaft at one side thereof (Fig. 5) and the screw 29 extendsthrough this kerf or slot and thus acts as a key which prevents removal of the arm 26 endwise of the shaft. The free end of the arm 26 may have an eye 31 for connection to one of the parts to be controlled, such as to the axle of a motor vehicle.

The partition wall 9 may also have a pair of passages or conduits 32 extending therethrough between the reservoir 16 and the control chamber 15 at opposite sides of the wing 8. These conduits or passages 32 are preferably larger than the passages 17 and 18 so as to permit free fluid flow therethrough, and

each passage or conduit 32 may have a seat 33 therein against which a ball 34 may be pressed bya compression spring 35, the latter-being confined under compression within the conduit or passage and against the ball by suitable means, such as an annular ring 36 thread ed into one end of that passage or'conduit. The ball valves 34 are normally held closed by the springs and thus prevent fluid flow from the control chamber to the reservoir, but open freely and permit a reverse flow from the reservoirinto the control chamber at both sides of the wing 8. I

When the shaft 4 is oscillated by oscillation of the arm 26, the wing 8 will be oscil- 'lated to and fro in the control chamber 15,

and any fluid in the control chamber 15 will be displaced either direction by the oscillations of the wing 8. This control fluid may be any desired fluid but a suitable lubricating oil has been found verysatisfactory for this purpose because it is easily confined within'the shell and also lubricates the moving parts. When a fluid is displaced in either direction in the control chamber, it will pass through the passages 17 and 18 at the forward side of the wing, and the rate of displacement will be'controlle'd by the effective opening between the passages 17 and 18 through which the fluid passes into the reservoir. If the movement of the wing 8 is rapid, the pressure upon the fluid in the control chamber at the forward side of the wing will increase, and this increase in pressure will be exerted upon the piston 19 in a manner to push the latter outwardly and increase the effective opening into thepassage 18. The greater the pressure in the control chamber becomes, the

farther will piston 19 be opened, and consequently the greater will be the fluid flow from the control chamber into the reservoir.

The pressure required to move the piston 19 and enlarge the effective opening for fluid flow may be varied by varying the compression of the spring 21 in the manner hereinbefore expla1ned.- As the wing 8 displaces the fluid in the control chamber in either direction, it will create a suction rearwardly of itself and thereupon the liquid in the reservoir 16 will flow to'a limited extent through the passages 17 and 18 into the control chamber at the rear of the wing, and to a larger extent through one of the, passages or conduits 32 into the control chamber at the rear,

ofthe Wing 8, the ball valve in that conduit 32 opening to permit free flow of thefluid from the reservoir to the control chamber, the filling of the control chamber rearwardly of the moving wing 8 tends to break any suction caused by the movement of the wing, and therefore there will be little resistance to the movement of the wing upon the rear side thereof.

When the'wing 8 moves in the reverse direction, a reverse operation takes place, in that the fluid which has entered the control chamber at the rear of the wing will then be placed under compression and forced back into the reservoir under'the control of the other piston 19, and during such operation, the liquid in the reservoir will flowback into the control chamber at the now rear side of the moving wing 8. Thus regardless of the direction of oscillation of the wing 8, the

resistance at the rear side of the wing will sistance to movement in either direction may be selectively and inde endently varied as may be desired, merely By varying the compression of the spring 21.

While some of the fluid passing through each passage 17 may work along the piston 19 into the adjacent cavity or opening 13,

there is very little tendency for the fluid to enter the openings or cavities 13, because the passages 18 lead from thepassages 17 along the sides of the pistons 19 into the reservoir which is not under pressure, and therefore the resistance to flow into the reservoir through passages 18 is no greater, an'd probably is less, than along the pistons 19 into the openings or cavities 13. ,However, to prevent any of the fluid that might work into the cavities 13 from filling the sleeve 11 and then working out of the casing entirely in the event that the cap 22 fails to seal tightly the outer end of the sleeve, a bleed port 37 may be provided in the partition wall 9 connecting each cavity or opening 13 with the interior of the reservoir 16. I

The reservoir 16 may be filled in any suitable manner through an opening 38 in the top' of the casing, which opening may be closed by a tubular plug 39 threaded into the opening 38. This plug 39 may have. a cavity therein open at its inner end to provide an air or pneumatic compression chamber, enable expansion and contraction of the fluid in the casing without injury to any of the parts and without rupture of the within the casin shell thereof. Even. if the casing isfilled with a fluid until the fluid overflows through the opening 38, when the plug 39 is inserted it will have a small body. of air trapped in its interior which provides a pneumatic compression chamber for permit-ting limited expansion of the fluid of the shell or casing.

The partition wall 9 fitting over the arcuate portion 7 of the shaft may be reinforced by fins or flanges against bending or breaking, and for convenience each side of the wall 9 may have an arcuate flange 40 extending along the sides ofthe reservoir and fitting against the adjacent end wall of the shell.

To prevent loss of fluid which might work along the shaft 4 through the end wall 3 of the shell, a packing ring or gasket 41 of suitable material may be confined against the con cave outer end of the boss 5 by a sleeve 42 I which is threaded over the boss 5, an internal and the adjacent flange 40 of the partition annular flange 43 on the outer end of the sleeve closely fitting the shaft 4 arid forcing the packing ring 41 against the concave end of the boss 5. A locking nut 44 may also be threaded upon the'boss to engage with and a lock the sleeve 42.

However, to prevent further the movement of fluid along the shaft 4 to the outside of the casing, I, preferably provide an annular groove 45 in the shaft 4 at a suitable point in its bearing in the cover 3, and the end wall 3 at a'poi'nt in alinement with the groove 45, is

- wall 9 may have an arcuately elongated slot 49 alined with the branch passage 47. Thus if any fluid works along the shaft 4, it will collect in the annular groove 45 and pass upwardly along the passages 46 and 47 and through the slot 49 into the reservoir. There is usually very little, if any, pressure in the reservoir, an therefore any fluid working along the shaft 4 will be conducted into the reservoir instead of working past the packing ring or gasket 41. Inasmuch as the wall 3 is threaded into the open side of the casing,

the elongation of the slot 49 permits of a limited adjustment of the wall 3 in order to obtain a perfect closure.

The inner face of the wall 3 has a portion slightly telescoping within the inner periphcry of the open end of the shell 1, and a shoulder 50 seating against a shoulder 51 in the outer openedge of the shell 1. The engagement of the shoulders 50 and 51 definite ly locates the inward threaded adjustment of the end wall 3, and fixes accurately the distance between the inner face of the wall 3 and the opposite closed end of the shell 1.

The distance between the inner faces of the opposite end walls of the shell is approximately the width of the wing 8, there being only suflicient clearance to prevent binding, so that there will be no material loss of fluid from one side of the wing to the other as the wing oscillates to and fro in the shell. The

width of the wall 9 is also equal to the width of the wing 8 and therefore the wall 3 will abut against the sides of the wall 9 and,pre-: vent movement of fluid along the sides of the partition wall.

The threads between the peripheral edge of the end wall 3 and theinner periphery of the shell 1 are sufficiently loose fitting to enable a perfect continuous fitting of the shoulders 50 and 51 when the wall 3 is adjusted or threaded inwardly as far as it will go. If the wall 3 is tightened into the shell firmly, there is little danger of its becoming loosened with resulting leakage of fluid, but to further prevent any loosening of the wall 3, any suitable securing or locking means may be provided. For example, a screw 52 may be threaded into the outer face of the wall 3 adjacent its periphery, and the screw may carry a washer 53 which overlaps with the exposed edge of the shell 1. Thus when the screw 52 is tightened it will provide friction between the washer 53 and the open end edge of the shell 1 which will prevent unthreading of the wall 3 from the shell.

The shell or casing maybe mounted upon one of the parts to be .cgntrolled in any suitable manner. For example, the chassis frame 54 of an automobile to which the casing is usually attached may have an aperture or opening 55 drilled or punched therein to receive the tubular projection 2, and a nut 56 may 'be threaded upon the outer end of the boss 2 to clamp the shell firmly against one face of the chassis frame 54. A suitable lock washer 57 may be provided on the boss 2 between the nut 56 and the chassis frame 54.

To prevent rotation of the shell 1 in the aper ture 55, the rear face of the shell may have one or more studs projecting outwardly therefrom at spaced points, and the chassis frame 54 may have suitable openings drilled therein to receive these studs when the shell 1 is drawn against the chassis frame. When the shell 1 is formed of malleable metal, the

studs 58 may be formed by pushing or drawthreaded into the cavity or opening 13 in the adjacent end of the partition wall 9. This plug 59 may have a cavity or recess 60 extend- .ing lengthwise thereof from its inner endfor receiving the helical compression spring 21 which bears upon the piston 19. The plug 59 will be threaded inwardly until a shoulder 61 thereof seats against the outer face of the shell 1 To provide for adjustment of the compression of the spring 21, anynumber of suitable disks 63 may be disposed in the recess 60 in theplug 59 and against the closed end thereof, and by varying the number of disks 63, the compression of the spring may be regulated. The device is otherwise the same as that of Figs. 1 and'10.

' In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 12 the construction is similar to that described in connection with Figs. 1 to 10, except that the plugs 14:, springs 21, and pistons 19 are omitted, and a controlling plug 64 threaded into the passage in the sleeve 11. The inner end 65 of the plug 64 is reduced in size or otherwise formed tofit and move along the radial section of the passage 17, and control the fluid flow through the latter in a manner similar to the control by the piston 19, except that with this modified construction there is no automatic variation of the effective size of the passage 17 when the fluid pressure in the control chamber 15 increased. By screwing the plug'64 inwardly and outwardly, a selected regulation may be obtained at each side of the vane. This type of valve construction or regulation may be substituted foreither or both of the regulating valves of Fi s.1to11.'

i The operation of a stabilizer constructed in accordance with this invention would appear to be obvious from the foregoing description,

but will be briefly stated. Thecasing is filled with a suitable fluid, such as lubricating oil, and the compression of the spring 21 at each side of the casing suitably regulated. The shell 1 is mounted upon one of the parts whose movement is to be controlled, and the free end of the arm 26 is suitably. connected to the 'other member whose relative movement is to be controlled, sothat upon relative movement of the parts to be controlled, the arm 26 will A similar operation occurs when the wing moves'in the opposite direction. Onemay therefore, set the controlling valve devices for passages 17 to offer a different resistance when the oscillation is in one direction than when in the other direction. For example, when the stabilizer is applied to a motor vehicle, it

is desirable to regulate it to offer a minimum resistance during the approach of the chassis frame and axle, and to offer considerable resistance against separation of those parts such as occurs upon the rebound of the chassis frame after the parts have moved toward one another. lVith this improved device, thecontrolling valves may be set to offer only a minimum of resistance to the oscillation of the wing when the wing moves in the direction caused by an approach of the frame and axle,

and to offer a considerable resistance to the wing during rebound. The regulating plugs 14 and disks 63 will be suitably enclosed, so

that the average user will be less likely to attempt to change or tamper with the regulation which may be set by the person installing the stabilizers on a motor vehicle. 1 may be formed of malleable metal and drawn or die formed to the desired shape, and

the removable end wall 3 may be similarly formed or may be cast. With this improved stabilizer, oscillation of the pivotedvalve in either direction will be selectively controlled independently of the starting position of the.

vane, and thus independently of the loading of'the vehicle.

It will be obvious-that various changesin the details, which have been herein described and illustrated in order toexplain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilledv in the art within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A stabilizer for controlling relative movement of two parts, comprising a casing having a partition dividing the same into two compartments, a member extending into said casing and having a. wing movable to and fro in one of said compartments for propelling a fluid in that compartment first in one direction and then the other, a plurality of conduits, each having a one-way valve, con-. necting said compartments at opposite sides of said wing, whereby upon movement of said The shell wing in either direction a fluid may pass through one of said conduits to the space hehind said wing, additional conduits connect ing said compartments at oppositesides of said wing, and each having a control valve,

whereby a fluid displaced by said wing when I .the latter moves iireither direction may pass into theother of said com artments, and then return to the rear side 0 said wing, each of said control valves being selectively ad'ust able independently of one another and yield:

.ingly urged towards closed position, and

rection.

2. A stabilizer for controlling relative movement of two parts, comprising a casing having a partition dividing the same into two compartments, a member extending into said casing and having a wing movable to and fro in one of said compartments forpropelling a fluid in that compartment first in one direc-- tion and then the other, a plurality of conduits, each having a one-way valve, connecting said compartments at opposite sides of said wing, whereby upon movement of said wing in either direction a fluid may pass through one of said conduits to the, space behind said wing, and additional conduits connecting said'compartments atopposite sides of said wing and each having a control valve, whereby a fluid displaced by said wing when the latter moves in either direction may pass into the other of said compartments, and then return to the rear side of said wing, each of said control valves being yieldingly held in a partially open flow restricting position and operable, upon application of-pressure in the compartment containing the wing and at that side ofsaid wing, towards further open position to permit increased flow between said compartments; I

3. A stabilize-r for controlling relative movement of two parts, comprising a casing having a partition dividing the salne into two compartments, a member extending into sa d casing and having a wing movable to and .fro

in'one of said compartments for propelling a fluid in that compartment first in one direction and then the other, a plurality of conduits, each having a one-way valve, connecting said compartments at opposite sides of saidiwing, whereby upon movement of said Wing in either direction a fluid may pass through one of said conduits to the space behind said wing, and additional conduits connecting said compartments at opposite sides of said wing and each having a control valve, whereby a fluid displaced by said wing when the latter movesin either direction may pass into the other of said compartments, and then return to the rear side of 'said wing, each of said control valves being yieldingly urged in closing direction and held in a partially open flow restricting position and operable,

.upon application of pressure in the compartment containing the wing and at that side of said wing, towards further open position to permit increased flow between said compartments, each of said valves being also adjustable independently of one another to vary the yielding pressure with which it is held in fluid restricting position.

4. A stabilizer for relatively moving parts comprising a cylindrical casing, a shaft mounted for oscillation in opposite ends of said casing and extending through one of said ends, saidshaft having a wing withinsaid casing and closely fitting the inner periphery of said casing for movement along the same, said casing having a partition across.

its interior and fitting against said shaft to divide the interior of said easing into a control chamber with said wing, and a reservoir, means permitting one way fluid flow into said reservoir from said chamber. at both sides of said Wing, said partition having a passage therethrough at each side of said wing, each of said passages having a straight section extending approximately radially of said casing and having a branch extending laterally, from said section into said reservoir, a piston slidablein each straight section across said lateral branch thereof to variably restrict flow along said passage into said branch, said piston having means limiting its movement ina flow restricting direction, means carried by said casing and having an abutment adjustable toward and from said piston, and a spring compressed between said abutment andsaid piston for holding the piston yieldingly in its flow restricting position.

5. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical shell, a shaft extending between the opposite end walls of said shell and through one of said end walls, said shaft having a lateral wing extending therefrom into close proximity to the inner periphery of said shell,

a partition member extending across the interior of said shell between spaced points of its periphery and engaging with said shaft to divide the interior of said shell into a control chamber with said wing and a reservoir, means extendin through the peripheral wall of said shell and interlocked with said partition where the partition engages with the inner periphery of said shell, for preventing displacement of said partition, said partition having means for conducting fluid therethrough into said control chamber from said v reservoir at both sides of said wing, and valve controlled means also associated with said partition for conducting fluid from said chamber at each side of said wing into said reservoir, each of said valve controlled means being selectively adjustable independently of the other, whereby the resistance to fluid flow from said chamber at either side of said wing to said reservoir may be selectively controlled and varied.

6. In a stabilizer, a casing having a partition across its interior dividing the interior into two separate compartments, a displacement member fitted between said partition 7 and interior periphery of said casing vand movable to and fro in one of said compartments to displace the contents of that compartment first in one direction and then in the other, a tubular element carried by said casing adjacent opposite ends of said partition, said casing having passages therethrough at opposite sides of said member,

a valve in each element controlling one of said passages, and a bleed passage connectlng each of said tubular elements with that comtion and then the other, said casing having passages connecting said compartments at opposite sides of said member, a valve for each passage, each valve having a member extending into and variably restricting its passage, said casing also. having a bleed port connecting each valve from behind its valve memher with the compartment into which fluid is displaced through the control passage, whereby any leakage pasteither valve member may flow into the compartment into which fluid is displaced.

8. A stabilizer comprising a casing divided into a displacement chamber and a separate reservoir, a displacement member in said chamber for displacing fluidtherefrom into said reservoir, said casing having a passage,

connecting said chamber and reservoir, a piston moving in said passage and variably restricting flu1d flow therethrough, a tubular element carried by said casing and at its inner end receiving the outer end of said piston, and a spring carried by said tubular element and yieldingly pressing said piston in a direc'tion to restrictfluid flow through said passage, said casing also having a bleed port connecting the open end of said tubular element with said reservoir, wherebyany fluid workingpast said piston will flow into said reservoir. r

9. A stabilizer comprising a casing divided into a displacement chamber and a separate reservoir, a displacement member in said chamber'for displacing fluid therefrom into said reservoir, said casing having a passageconnecting said chamber and reservo r, a

piston moving in'said passage and variably restricting fluid flow therethrough, atubular element carried by said casing and at its inner end receiving the outer end of said piston, a spring carried by said tubular element and yieldm-gly pressing'said piston in a direction to restrict fluid flow through said passage, said casing also having a bleed 'port connecting the open end of said tubular element with said reservoir, whereby any fluid working past said iston will flow into said reservolr, said tubu ar element having means by which the compression of said spring may bevaried.

10. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical casing having a tubular boss extending axial- -ly therefrom and closed at its outer end, a

shaft in said tubular boss extending across, the interior of said casing and through the opposite end wall thereof, a securing member adjustably mounted on the projecting end of said boss, whereby when said casing is attached to a plate by the passing of its boss through an aperture of the plate, said securing member may be attached and tightened to clamp the casing thereto, and means Within said casing for yieldingly resisting oscillations of said shaft.

11. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical shell having a removable end wall, a partition wall extending chordlike across the casing between spaced points of its inner e-, riphery, said Wall having. passages therethrough face'to face to provide communica tion between the compartments into which said wall divides the interior of said casing,

said shell having apertures leading to the abutting ends of said Wall, and valve devices fitted in and closing said apertures in said shell and threaded into the abutting ends of said wall for holding said wall against displacement in said shell and preventing removal of said devices, said valve devices controlling fluid flow through said passages in said Wall, and means extending into said shell at one side of said wall for displacing fluid therein alternately-in opposite directions, the fluid flow through said passages restricting the movement of said displacing means.

12. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical casing having a tubular boss extending axially therefrom and closed at its outer end, a shaft in said tubular -boss extending across the interior'of said casing and through the opposite end wall thereof, a securing memer adjustably mounted on the projecting end of said boss, whereby-when said casing is attached to a plate by the passing of its boss through an aperture of the plate, said securing member may be attached and tightened to clamp the casing thereto, and means within said casing for yieldingly resisting oscil lations of said shaft, the end Wall of saidcasing having said tubular boss also having a projecting stud or interlocking engagement'with a plate n which said boss may be ments which may serve as a reservoir, a sleeve threaded into said casing, a.plug threaded into'said sleeve for adjustment into and out 'ofthe same, a valve element at the inner end of said sleeve and controlling fluid flow through one of said passages, a spring compressed between said plug and said valve member, whereby the compression on said valve member may be changed by adjustment of said plug, said sleeve having a shoulder facing its outer end, and a cap threaded over the outer end of said sleeve and fitted against said. shoulder for concealing said plug and sealing the outer end of said sleeve.

14. A stabilizer comprising a casing di-- -vided into separate compartments, a displace ment member in one of said compartments for displacing a fluid therein in alternate directions, said casing having passages between said compartments for conducting displaced fluid to and from the other of said compartments which may serve as a reservoir, a sleeve threaded into said casing, a plug threaded into said sleeve for adjustment into and out of the same, a valve element at the inner end of said sleeve and controlling fluid. flow through one of said passages, a spring compressed between said plug and said valve member, whereby the compression on said valve member may be changed by adjustment of said plug, said sleeve having a shoulder facing. its outer end, and a cap threaded over the outer end of said sleeve and fitted against saidshoulder for concealing said plug and sealing the outer end of said sleeve, the outer end of said sleeve being slit for some distance from said outer end toward said shoulder, and the threads on said cap being somewhat convergingly tapered toward the closedend of the cap, whereby when said cap is threaded over the slit end of said sleeve it will flex the sections at said slit end inwardly to tightly grip said plug, and said cap will be held against turning.

15. A stabilizer comprising a casing divided into separate compartments, a displacement member in one of said compartments for displacing a fluid therein in alternate directions, said casing having passages between said compartments for conducting displaced fluid to and from the other of said compartments which may serve as a reservoir, a sleeve threaded into said casing, a plug threaded into said sleeve for adjustment into and out of the same, a valve element at the inner end of said sleeve and controlling fluid flow through one of said passages, a spring compressed between said plug and said valve member, whereby the compression on said valve member may be changed by adjustment of said plug, said sleeve having a shoulder facing its outer end, and a cap threaded over the outer end of said sleeve and fitted against said shoulder for concealing said plug and sealing the outer end of said sleeve, said casing'having a port connecting the inner end of said sleeve with said reservoir, whereby any leakage past said valve member into said sleeve may flow into said reservoir.

16. A stabilizer comprising a casing, a

partition extending across the interior of the casing, said casing having apertures at points of abutment between the casing and said partition, a tubular element extending into said casing through and closing the aperture and anchoring the partition to said casing, a piston working in said casing, said partition having passages leading from opposite sides of said piston, and a valve element in I each tubular element extending into one of said assages and controlling fluid flow theret rough.

17. A stabilizer comprising acasing, a partition extending across the interior of the casing, said casing having apertures at points of abutment between the casing and said partition, a tubular element extending into said casing through and closing the aperture and anchoring the partition to said casing, a piston working in said casing, said partition having passages leading from opposite sides of said piston, a valve in each tubular element and extending into and controlling fluid flow in one of said passages, one of said valves being movable within its related tubular element to restrict variably fluid flow through that passage, a spring in said related tubular element yieldingly urging the movable valve therein in a direction to close said .passage against fluid flow therethrough, whereby when the pressure in the passage with the movable valve reaches a selected limit, said movable valve'will move in its related passage against said spring .to permit increased fluid flow in that passage.

18. A stabilizer comprising a casing, a partition extending across the interior of the casing, said casing having apertures at points of abutment between the casing and said partition, a tubular element extending into said casing through and closing the aperture and anchoring the partition to said casing, a piston working in said casing, said partition having passages leading from opposite sides of said piston, .a valve in each tubular elemefit and extending into and con-. trolling fluid flow in one of said passages, one of said valves being movable within its related tubular element to restrict variably fluid flow through that passage, a spring in said related tubular element yieldingly urging the movable valve thereinin a direction to close said passage against fluid flow therethrough, whereby when the pressure in the passage with the movable valve reaches a selected limit, said movable valve will move in its related passage against said spring to permit increased fluid flow in that passage, said tubular element with the movable valve having an adjustable abutment to vary the resistance offered by said spring to opening movements of the movable valve.

19. A stabilizer comprising a casing, a piston working in said casing, a passage con- I trolling the escape of a fluid compressed by said piston, a sleeve extending into said casing and anchored thereto, a valve element at the inner end of said sleeve having a por-' tion extending into said assage to control variably fluid flow therearough and operable, by pressure created in said passage by said piston, in a direction to permit increased flow through said passage, a plug in the outer end of said sleeve and adjustable in .a direction lengthwise thereof, a spring in said sleeve interposed'between said plug and said valve for urging said valve yieldingly in a closing direction, the adjustment of said plu varying the pressure of said s ring on sai valve, and a cap threaded over e outer end of said sleeve and contactin with said sleeve to seal the outer end of sad sleeve.

' 0 ihstable' in a direction lengthwise thereof,

20. A stabilizer comprising a easing, a" piston working insaid casin a passage con-, trolling the escape of a flui compressed by said piston, a sleeve extending into said casing and anchored thereto, a valve element at theinner end of said sleevezhaving .-a

portion extending into said passage to con- 'trol variably fluid flow therethrough and operable, by pressure created in said passage by said piston,in a'direction to permitincreased flow through said passa e, a lug in the outer end of said sleeve an ad- -a spring in said sleeve interposed between plug and said valve for urging said valve yieldingly in a closing direction, the

adjustment of said plug varying the pressure of said spring on said valve, and a cap threaded over the outer, end of said sleeve H and contacting with said sleeve to seal'the 1 displacement element movable ack and forth outer end of said sleeve, said sleeve being slit for some distancefrom' its outer end, and the threads in said cap being convergingly tapered toward the closed end of the cap, whereby when the cap is threaded over the, slit end of the sleeve, it will contract the outer end of the sleeve into tightly gripping engagement with said plug. 7

21. A stabilizer comprisin a cas' a in said casing to compress a fluid, said casing ha a assage through which the feud compresse .moves, a sleeve extending through said casing and communicating with 1 I said passa e, a tubular cap threaded to said sleeve, an 'closing the outer end thereof,

a valve element in said passage controlling fluid flow through that assage and a s acting between said va ve elenient am'fsaid cap to hold said valve element yieldingly and normally in one osition.

ADOL H W F. a s

" ZEL.

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