US1735160A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 12, 1929. J. DESTREE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed April 15, 1927 I!!! ill III flllllfllllllfll /I/l l A IZUEJ'Zi'UP JD 25122- 22 Patented Nov. 12, 1929 JOSEPH DESTREE, OE BRUSSELS, BEGIUM aorormrro FIREARM Application filed April 18, 1927, Serial No. 183,542, and in Belgiuni J'annary 11, 1927.

a The present invention relates to an automatic fire-arm in which the pressure of the gases which discharge the bullets is employed for producing the displacement of a member 5. taking part in the operation of the fire arm.

Th1s member may be the breech block, or a bolt on the latter, or any other member.

The invention relates to an arrangement which, in spite of the sudden action of the gases, permits comparativelyv gentle movements the amplitude of which is easily adj ustable tobe communicated to the said member.

The invention consists essentially in employing the gases themselves for exerting a braking action on the movement which they roduce, this result being attained in employng the gases themselves for exerting braking action on the movement which they have produced immediately that the member is put into motion.

In my other specification No. 183,541, of even date an arrangement is described which is similar to the present one but in which the motive action of the gases is transmitted through the medium of a fairly powerful spring in order to produce by its expansion the various automatic operations.

The present invention is based on the obser-' vation of the fact that the nature of the adjustment which can be obtained by the opposing action of the gases themselves even when the passages of the gases are of fairly large section is such that it is in no way indispensable to oppose, in addition to the motive action of the gases, a'spring which acts as a damping and intermediate device. It has previously been known to construct pparatuses .in which the braking gases mpinge upon the face of the braking mechanism in the cylinder containing the motive gases,

, after whichsuch motive gases arejalreadyv the end of 't considerably retarded. Such'admission of the braking ases is in addition eflfected at he stroke of the member in a manner that itself displaces it at a very great speed during the greater part of the stroke,

I promoting a shock upon the parts which are related thereto.

F Thepresent invention provides in particular for the construction of a fire arm in which act the reverse operations being effected by "aperture 2. When this projectile has passed the breech is opened and the cartridge case ejected by means of a mechanism actuated by a piston upon whichthe gases produced by the combustion of the powder are made to the expansion of one or several springs com pressed by the action of the gases.

To this end, according to the invention, the gas isadinitted through a fairly large orifice permitting the gases to pass, away rapidly during the return stroke of thg piston, the

movement of theJatter belng checked during its forward stroke well before it reaches the end of the stroke by admitting the gases on to its other face througha fairly large aper- (i ture situated, relatively to the first one, on the outlet side of the barrel.

The invention also provides a means for reducing the braking action by forming holes in the cylinder containing ,the piston, these holes being formed onthe side on which the braking action is produced and leading to the atmosphere.

In another form of the invention a current of gas is employed for exerting a braking action upon a member unlocking the breech block moved by the gases themselves.

The accompanying drawings illustrate diagrammatically, by way of example, the

barrel 1 in the wall of which have been pierced two fairly large apertures 2 and 12 communicating with the ends 015 a cylinder 3 containing a piston 4. When a projectile is fired, the gases force'the latter out, driving this piston in the direction of the arrow 6 as soon as the projectile has passed'beyond the beyond the aperture 12, the gases exert a braking action upon the movement of the piston. During its movement in the direction of the arrow 6, the piston 4, through the medium presses a spring and locke 1 By means of this arrangement, the gases are rapidlyexpelled and yet no part is bro- .ken on account of the method of braking employed." If the action of the gases is more energetic than usual, the braking action 1ncrea'ses proportionately.

The invention also provides for .the. possibility of regulating the strength of the braking action by piercing one or more holes to 13 in the cylinder 3, at the side oh which the gases exerting the braking action are admitted.

In the case shown in Figure 2 the invna tion is applied-to the control of the movement of anunlocking member 20, which,

whenjt occupies its locked position produces a connection between the 'barrel l8 and the breech block 21 of an automatic pistol.- The said member 20 is formed by a bridge plece sliding in a'directionat right angles to the axis of thebarrel 18 and provided with two lugs or projections such as 20' engaging, for

' producing the locking action, in corresponding notches in the breech block 21. Durmg '35 firing, the gases which expel the bullet protime, by engaging inthe hole 18 of the bar rel 18, the displacement of the member 20 in the direction of the arrow X, the effect of which is to unlock the breech block.

The movement of the member, 20 is immediately damped by a'jet of gas driven in the opposite direction through an orifice .19 in a member mounted upon the barrelby means of screws 19 for example. a The gas is led to the orifice 19 through a duct 19. disposed in the'axis of a second hole 18,.--.formed in the barrel 18. As soon as the a member 20 is displaced-in the 'directionof thezarrow X, the breech block is displaced 5o backwards under the faction if the gas, com- P pressing the recuperating spring 21 disposed in one of the usual ways. W

latter returns into its initial .position under theaction of the returns ring 20*."

The inclined planes 0 the lugs 20" then 1 'An automatic fire arm comprising a member'ztaking place in the" operation. of theufirearm, means for directly 'conducting"proect1le expelhng gases from the barrel to said I en the gases have ceased tqi actupon the member 25) the member to effect movement-of the member in one direction and means for subsequently conducting the gases directly from the barrel to said member in such manner as to act on -means for directly conducting projectile ex.-

pelling gases from one portion of the barrel to one face of the plunger for displacing the plunger rearward, and. means for subsequently. conducting the gases directly from another portionof the barrel to theother face of the plunger. r V

3. An automatic "fire arm comprising a fixed barrel, a cylinder, a plunber inthis cylinder directly. connected to the breech block,

means for conducting projectile expelling gases directly from one portion of the barrel to one face of the plunger for. displacing the plunger rearward, means for subsequently conducting the gases directly from another portion of the barrel to the other face of the plunger, the said meansfor conductlng the gases to the aforesaid faces of the plunger bemg such as to present afairly large section for the passage of the gases.

fl. An automatic fire arm comprising a fixed barrel, a cylinder, a plunger in this cylinder directl connected to the breech block, a passage 0 fairly large section extending from the barrel to the end of the cylinder op posed to the breech block, asecond passage of fairly large section extending from a point of the barrel at a distance from the breech-a little greater than for the first passage, to the other-end of the cylinder. y

5. An automaticfirearm comprising a fixed barrel, a cylindeiga plunger in this cyl-' inder directly connected to the breech block,

- a passage of fairly large section extending from the barrel to the end of the cylinder .opposed to the breech block, a second passage of fairly large section extending from a'pomir of'the barrel at a distance from the breech .a little" greater than, for thefirst passage, to

the other end of the cylinder, holes in the cylinder near this last end for'connecting this part .of the cylinder with the atmosphere- 6.,An automatic; fire'arm comprising a fixed barrel, a member normally locking the breech block -by direct engagement therethe other face of the element.

little greater than for thefirst "passage, to

7 'An automatic fire. arm comprising a fixed barrel, a member normally locking the with, a passagejof'fairly large section exases must act for unbreech block by direct engagement therewith, a passage of fairly large section extending from the barrel to the face of this member on which the gases must act for unlocking the breech block, a second passage of fairly large section extending from a point of the-barrel at a distance from the breech a little greater than for the first passage, to the other face of the element, a spring soliciting the said member toward its locking position.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

JOSEPH DESTREE.

Images