US1734219A - Transmission regulation - Google Patents

Transmission regulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US1734219A
US1734219A US11977A US1197725A US1734219A US 1734219 A US1734219 A US 1734219A US 11977 A US11977 A US 11977A US 1197725 A US1197725 A US 1197725A US 1734219 A US1734219 A US 1734219A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transmission
amplifier
line
grid
potential
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US11977A
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English (en)
Inventor
George T Lorance
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AT&T Corp
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Western Electric Co Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Electric Co Inc filed Critical Western Electric Co Inc
Priority to US11977A priority Critical patent/US1734219A/en
Priority to DEST40659D priority patent/DE493123C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1734219A publication Critical patent/US1734219A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02Details
    • H04B3/04Control of transmission; Equalising
    • H04B3/10Control of transmission; Equalising by pilot signal

Definitions

  • TRANSMISSION REGULATION Filed Feb. 27, 1925 hye/rfan' George [Zora/7c? w tain the transmission eificienc wave signaling system invaria le or var1able- Patterned Nov. 5, 1929 UNITED smras PATENT oF ica GEORGE T. LORANCE, OI NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK TRANSMISSION REGULATION Application filed February 27, 1925. Serial No. 11,977.
  • This invention relates to transmission regulation, and particularly to amplifier circuits.
  • An object of the invention is to adjust the transmission characteristics of a translating device or circuit.
  • a related object of the invention is to regulate the gain of a vacuum tube amplifier.
  • Another object of the invention is to mainof a carrier only within narrow limits, under wide variations in transmission conditions.
  • the invention provides means for regulating the gain of a vacuum tube amplifier by manually or automatically controlling the coupling impedance thereof.
  • one or more three-electrode vacuum tubes are employed as coupling impedances between the stages of a vacuum tube amplifier.
  • the gain of the amplifier is a function of the filament to plate impedance of the coupling tube which, in turn, is a function of 1ts grid potential, and the gain of the amplifier is controlled, in accordance with the invention, by re lat-ing the grid potential of the coupling tu e.
  • the invention is particularly adapted for stabilizing. the transmission characteristics of a repeater circuit, such as is employed for example in a carrier wave signaling system.
  • a repeater circuit such as is employed for example in a carrier wave signaling system.
  • changes in t e attenuation of the transmission medium produce corresponding variations in the overall transmission e uivalent of the system, and result in large uctuations in the volume of a telephone or other message being transmitted.
  • the pilot current is selected from the line at the repeater point, rectified and applied to the grid of the coupling tube.
  • the polarity of the direct current potential impressed on the grid of the coupling tube is such that for an increase in the level of the pilot current, the gain of the amplifier is decreased, and for a decrease in the level of the pilot current the gain ofithe amplifier is increased.
  • FIGs. 1 to 4 inclusive, are circuit diagrams illustrating different applications of the invention, likereference characters indicating corresponding parts in the several figures.-
  • an incoming transmission line section terminates in the primary winding of an inputtransformer 5, and an outgoing line section E terminates in the secondary winding of an output transformer 6.
  • the two-stage amplifier connecting line sections W and E includes a air of threeelectrode vacuum tube ampli ers 7 and 8 connected in tandem.
  • the input circuit of the tube 7 is connected to the secondary winding of transformer 5, and the output circuit of the tube 8 is connected to the primary winding of transformer 6.
  • the output circuit of the amplifier tube 7 is coupled to the input circuit of the amplifier tube 8 through a shunt impedance controllin tube 9.
  • a constant space current is supplie to the tubes 7 and 9 through choke coil 10 from batery 11, which may also supply space current to the tube 8.
  • the alternating voltage in the output circuit of tube 7 is impressed upon the grid of the amplifier tube 8, through condenser 12 and resistance 13.
  • the voltage supplied to the grid of the second stage tube de ends upon the value of the coupling impe ance, being large when the coupling impedance is large.
  • the impe ance of the choke coil and of the resistance 13 may be made very high, the filament to plate impedance of the coupling tube 9, being comparable to the filament to plate impedance of. tube 7, will be the controlling factor in the ratio of impedancesupon which 8 depends.
  • the gain of t e amplifier is a function of the filafinent to plate impedtu e.
  • a two-way repeater may be provided by duplicating the circuit to provide a path for operation in J the opposite direction.
  • a pilot current is also impressed upon the line' section W in the usual manner at the distant terminal, not shown.
  • the pilot current is selected from the output of the repeater, to the exclusion of all other frequencies, by means of a selective circuit 16, which may be either a tuned e selected pilot current is then amplified in an amplifier 17 and rectified by means of a rectifier 18 ofany well known type.
  • a lowpass filter 19 is included in the output circuit of the rectifier to prevent the transmission of any unrectified components of the'pilot current to the grid circuit of the coupling tube 9.
  • the output of the rectifier 18 isso poled that the direct current potential thus impressed upon the grid of the coupling tube will oppose the direct current potential from the grid polarizing battery 14.
  • the potentiometer 15 is so adjusted that the total grid potential, and hence the filament to plate impedance of the coupling tube 9, will be such as to provide the desired amplifier gain when the transmission efliciency of the line section
  • An increase or decrease in the direct current potential in the output of rectifier 18, in response to an increase or decrease in the transmission efliciency of the line section W will, therefore, result a correspond:
  • e amplifier is t us made selfregulatmg, an increase in the amplitude of the pilotcurrent causing-a decrease in the gain of the amplifier, and a decrease in the amplitude of the pilot current causing a corres ondin increase in gain.
  • the first stage of the amplifier includes a pair of three-electrode electron discharge,tubes 20 and 21 connected in pushpull relation
  • the second stage of the amplifier includes a pair of tubes 22 and 23 similarly connected.
  • tubes 24 and 25 areconnected in shunt across the input circuit of tubes 22 and 23 in the manner shown.
  • the gridcircuits of tubes 24 and 25 are paralleled with respect to the source of grid potential while the plate circuits are paralleled with respect to the source of late potential. In all other respects, the grid and plate circuits are connected in a manner similar to that 'described above. This shunt connection pro-.
  • the amplitude of the second harmonic willvary as the square of the amplitude of the pilot current.
  • - Fig. 4 shows a single stage amplifier employing a vacuum tube as a coupling impedance in its input circuit.
  • This modification may be substituted for the portion of the system above the dotted line ab of Fig. 2 to provide a single stage pilot-controlled amplier.
  • the in ut impedance of the am lifier tube 8 is contro led by coupling tube 9, t e filament to plate impedance of which is automatically regulated in response to changes in the incoming pilot current, in the manner described above.
  • a translating device having input and output circuits, a transmission line connected to said translating device, a three-element electron discharge device havin a filament, plate and control element, said lament and plate being associated with said input circuit effectively in shunt to said translating device, and means independent of the instantaneous value of current in said line to control the potential of said control element.
  • an amplifier having divided input and divided output circuits, three-element electron discharge devices each having a filament, plate and control element, said filaments and plates being associated with said input circuit effectively in shunt to said amplifier, and independent of said shunt connection means to control the potential of said control elements.
  • a variable transmission line an amplifier comprising a pair of electron discharge tubes connected in tandem, a coupling impedance comprising an electron discharge tube in shunt to said first mentioned tubes, a source of grid potential for said coupling tube, and means independent of the instantaneous value of current in said line for varying said grid potential to regulate the gain of said amplifier.
  • variable transmission line a translating device having input and output circuits associated with said line, an electron discharge device in said input circuit in shunt to said translating device, and means independent of periodic changes of current in said line for varying the internal impedance of said discharge device when in accordance with the transmission efficiency of said line.
  • variable transmission line a translating device having input and output circuits ass0- ciated with said line, a three-element electron discharge device having its filament and plate connected across said input circuit, a source of grid potential for said discharge device, and means independent of periodic changes of current in said line for varying said grid potential in accordance with the transmission efliciency of said line.
  • a variable transmission line over which a pilot wave is transmitted a translating device having input and output circuits associated with said line, a three-element electron discharge device having its filament and plate connected across said input circuit, a source of rid potential for said discharge device, an means for varying said grid otential in accordance with the amplitude 0 said pilot wave.
  • a repeater comprising a three-element electron discharge device havin input and output circuits associated with said line, a second threeelement electron discharge device having its filament and plate connected across said input circuit, a source of id potential for said second discharge dev ce, and means for varying said (grid potential in accordance with the amplitu e of said pilot wave.
  • variable transmission line over which a pilot wave and signaling waves are transmitted
  • a repeater associated with said line and comprising a pair of three-element electron discharge devices connected in tandem
  • a coupling impedance comprising an electron discharge tube in shunt to said first mentioned tubes, a source of grid potential for said coupling tube, and means for varying said grid potential in accordance with the amplitude of said pilot wave.
  • a repeater comprising a three-element electron discharge device having input and output circuits associated with said line, a second threeelement electron discharge device having its filament and plate connected across said input circuit, a grid circuit including a source of grid polarizing current for said second discharge device, means at said repeater for selecting the pilot wave from said line, means to produce from the selected pilot wave a direct current potential whose amplitude depends upon the transmission conditions to which the pilot wave has been subjected, and means to impress the direct current potential so derived upon said grid circuit in opposite polarity to said grid polarizing current to control the gain of said repeater.
  • a variable transmission line over which a pildt wave and signaling waves are transmitted, a repeater associated with said line and comprising a pair of three-element electron disc arge devices connected in tandem, a coupling impedance comprising a three-element electron dischar e device in shunt to said first mentioned evices, a grid circuit including a source of grid polarizing current for said cou ling device, means at said repcater for se ectin the pilot wave from said line, means to pro uce from the selected pilot wave a direct current potential whose amplitude depends upon the transmission conditions to which the pilot wave has been subjected, and means to impress the direct current potential so derived upon said grid circuit in opposite polarity to said grid polarizing current to control the gain of said repeater.
  • a variable transmission line an impedance element the impedance of which is inde endent of the instantaneous magnitude of t e voltages of the transmitted currents, and means to apply a control potential to said element in accord-' ance with the attenuation on said transmission line, said impedance being a function' of said applied control potential.
  • an amplifier having divided input and divided output circuits,-a transmission line connected to said amplifier, three-element electron discharge devices having control elements, said devices beingconnected in said output circuit effectively in shunt to said amplifier, and means for controlling the potential of said control elements in accordance with the current attenuation. in said line but independently of instantaneous values of current therein.
  • an amplifier having input and output circuits, a transmission line connected to said input circuits an impedance element having two pairs of terminals, two of said terminals being connected across said output circuit means independent of the magnitude of potentials applied to said pair of terminals but dependent on controlled potentials applied to the other pair of terminals for controlling the 'impedance of said element, and meansfor automatically varying the potential applied to the last mentioned pair of terminals in accordance with thetransmission conditions on said line but independent of periodic changes of potential therein.
  • an amplifier having input and output circuits, a transmission line connected to said input circuit, an impedance element having two pairs of terminals, two of 'said terminals being connected acrosssaid output circuit means independent of the magnitude of potentials applied across said two terminals but dependent upon controlled potentials applied to the other pair of terminals for controlling the impedance of said element, and means for varying the potential ap lied to the last mentioned air of termina s only in accordance with t e attenuation. on said transmission line. 16.
  • a wave translating system com risin a air of space discharge devices, divide grld and plate circuits therefor each having a common branch, each of said space discharge devices having a cathode, anode and grid element, means to apply currents to the space paths of said devices in series, and means to appl a control potential to the grids of said evices in parallel across the common portion of their id circuits, said space discharge devices 0 ering an im edance to said currents which is substantially independent of their magnitude but which is a function of said control potential.
  • a transmitting medium having signaling energy impressed thereon, a space discharge device in shunt to said medium, and control means independently connected to said medium for varying the impedance of said space discharge device only in accordance with transmission conditions obtaining on said medium.
  • a transmitting medium having signaling energy impressed thereon, a space discharge device connected in shunt to said medium, and control means connected to said medium for varying the impedance of said space discharge device independently of periodic oscillations in said medium but in accordance with the volume of the energy impressed on saidmedium to control the volume of energy transmitted over the system.
  • a transmitting circuit having signaling energy impressed thereon, a space discharge device connected in shunt to said circuit, and control means connected to said circuit for varying the impedance of said space discharge de-' mission line whose transmission characteristic is subjectto change, of a space discharge device having its cathode and anode connected in shunt relation with respect to said line, said device having a grid or control element, a circuit for varying the potential of the grid of said device in accordance with changes in the transmission characteristics of said line and means in said circuit for preventing the potential of said grid from following signaling variations transmitted over said line.
US11977A 1925-02-27 1925-02-27 Transmission regulation Expired - Lifetime US1734219A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11977A US1734219A (en) 1925-02-27 1925-02-27 Transmission regulation
DEST40659D DE493123C (de) 1925-02-27 1926-02-27 Anordnung zur Regelung des UEbertragungsgrades in von Wechselstroemen durch-flossenen Signalsystemen mit Verstaerkern

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2700068A (en) * 1948-11-16 1955-01-18 Muller Egon Nicolas Pulse multiplex system
US3456191A (en) * 1964-10-06 1969-07-15 Philips Corp Level control system for a communication system of the type in which a pilot signal is cotransmitted with information signals between an initial station and a final station
US4225822A (en) * 1977-03-24 1980-09-30 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Amplitude modulation circuit for a transmitter
US5668499A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-09-16 Peavey Electronics Corporation Tube type power amplifier with distortion control

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE767352C (de) * 1935-01-17 1952-06-13 Lorenz A G C Verfahren zur Geheimhaltung von Sprech- oder Signalwechselstroemen
DE754298C (de) * 1935-07-04 1952-07-17 Emi Ltd Niederfrequentes UEbertragungssystem mit selbsttaetiger Amplituden-regelung durch eine quer zum UEbertragungsweg geschaltete Impedanz-Mehrgitterroehre
DE1078182B (de) * 1958-05-02 1960-03-24 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Einen Transistor enthaltender Vierpol mit regelbarem UEbertragungsmass

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2700068A (en) * 1948-11-16 1955-01-18 Muller Egon Nicolas Pulse multiplex system
US3456191A (en) * 1964-10-06 1969-07-15 Philips Corp Level control system for a communication system of the type in which a pilot signal is cotransmitted with information signals between an initial station and a final station
US4225822A (en) * 1977-03-24 1980-09-30 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Amplitude modulation circuit for a transmitter
US5668499A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-09-16 Peavey Electronics Corporation Tube type power amplifier with distortion control

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Publication number Publication date
DE493123C (de) 1930-03-05

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