US1728683A - Aeroplane - Google Patents

Description

Sept. l 7, 1929. K. v KARLlczEK AEROPLANE 4 Sheets-Sheet Filed May 3l, 1928 Irwentw /f/ Kaw SePt- 17, 1929- I K. KARLlczEK 1,728,683

AEROPLANE Filed May 31. 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet. 2

-Inven-tor l ttorngyv Sept. 17., 1929. K. ,KARLlczEK AEROPLANE Filed May 5l, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet I n 'ventr Sept. 17, 1929. K. KARLlciEK AEROPLANE Filed May 3l, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet Patented Sept. 17, 1929 UNITED STATES KARL KARLIGZEK, OF DETROIT?, MICHIGAN AEROPLANE Application filedr May 31,

The present invention relates generally to an aeroplane and more particularly to an improved rudder structure therefor.

The prime object of the invention resides in the provision of rudders at the ends of the wings of an aeroplane having sections above and below `the wings and means for controlling the rudders so as to steer the aeroplane either vertically or horizontally.

Another very important object of the invention resides in the provision of a rudder structure of this nature which is exceedingly simple in its construction, strong and durable, easy to manipulate, thoroughly efficient and reliable in use and operation and otherwise well adapted tothe p'urpose'for which it is designed.

Vith theabove and numerous other ob'- jects in view as will appear as the description proceeds, the invention residesin certain novel features of construction and in the combination and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of an aeroplane embodying the features of my invention.

Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary view, showing the end of one wing with one of the improved rudder structures thereon, in one position.

Figure f1 is a fragmentary end View of the front edge of one wing, showing the rudder structure in another direction.

Figure 5y is a similar view showing still a third position.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional view, through one ofthe wings showing the improved rudder structure.

Figure 7 is a sectional view, taken substantially .on the line 7 7 4.of Figure (i.

Figure 8 is a vertical longitudinal section takenthrough the fuselage substantially on the line 8-8 of Figure l.

Figure 9 is a horizontal .detail section taken substantially on the line v.9 9 of Fig- 50 ure 6.

1928. Serial No. 281,688.

Figure 10 is a perspective' view of one of the rudder structures.

Referring to the drawing :in detail, it will be seen that the numeral 5 denotes ay fuselage, and numeral 6 the wings extending 5 laterally'therefrom in the usual well known manner. These parts may be conventional.

I shall now proceed to describe one of the rudder structures in detail, as both kare identical in construction, and anfunderstand- 6o ing of one in detail will be sufficient to fully exemplify the utilityg and advantages ofy the invention. f f 7 Each rudder construction comprises a shaft 7, connecting blades 8 and 9 disposed 65 on the endsl of the shaft 7 and extending laterally thereof and in planes oblique to the shaft.l f

Theblades 8 and9 are disposed in parallelism to each other. The shaft 7 at its 70 center has ay pair of oppositely directed arms 10,-'with rollers 11 journaled in the ends thereof and rollers 12 journaled` about intermediate portions thereof. In the end of the Wing, the upper and lower coverings Mare provided with registering openingsl 15. Plates 16 are disposed about the sha-ft 7, and operate ywithiny theeoverings 141, to maintain the openings 15 closed at all'times, and these plates are guided by means of annular `members 17 securedto the inside of the covering 14, solthat the plates 16 move between the coverings and the' annular ymembers. Plates 18 and 19 aremounted between` the coveringll being supported on braces 20. e5 rIhe plates 18 and 19 are disposed' in spaced parallelism, ,andare constructed with central registering openings 21 and 22 respectively. The arms 10 extend between the plates and the rollers 12 function as anti-friction bearings therebetween. kA pair of arcuate tracks 23 are ymounted 'by means of supporting frame 241 on the plate 18, at opposite sides of the shaft 7 and eccentric thereto and eccentric to each other.y l

Carriages 25 have rollers 26 ridable on the rails 23. Cables 27 are secured to opposite sides of the shaft 7 by means of eyes 28,` and are trained over pulleys 29 mounted in the carriages 25 and then over pulleys 30 `and` pulleys 3l to be attached to opposite sides of the intermediate portion of a lever 32, which is rockable in the fuselage and has a notched quadrant 33 associated therewith 'for cooperating with the detent structure 34. Obviously, therefore, by rocking the lever 32, the shaft 7 may be rocked on the arms l0 for tilting the blades to change their angles of incident to the wind.

A pair of arcuate guides 40 are mounted between the plates 18 and 19 concentric about the shaft 7 on opposite sides thereof and sub stantially between the spaces between the tracks 23, as may be noted from the dotted line showing'of these guards in connection with the full line showing in Figure 7. |The arms l0 move within the guides 14 and the end rollers bear against the arcuate end portions of the guide. Each guide is provided at its end with inwardly directed extensions 4l in' which are ournaled rollers 42. Cables 43 are secured to the ends of the arms 10 and are trained over the pulleys 42. @ne Vcable 43 of each arm is trained over pulleys 45 and 46, and then is connected with the other cable 43 to a cable 47. y

The cables 47 are trained over pulleys 48 and secured to opposite sides of an intermediate portion of a lever 49 which has a notched quadrant 50 associated therewith cooperating with a detent structure 5l. 0bviously, therefore, by rocking the lever 49 the arms may be swungto rotate the shaft 7 about its own axis and when the shaft is rocked about its own aXis, the carriages 25 willmove along the tracks 23 as will be quite clear from close inspection of Figure 7 and the eccentric positions ofthese tracks in re'- lation to the shaft will prevent the shaft from being rocked unless the lever 32 is actuated.

A few examples of the utility of this invention will be sufficient. lVith the two rudder structures disposed as shown in Figure l,

itwill be seen that a right hand turn will be made by the aeroplane, since t-he righthand rudder structure offers resistance to the wind while the left hand rudder structure offers practically no resistance. The left hand rudder structure is disposed as shown in Figure 4, or may be disposed as shown in Figure 5. Positioned in Figure 4, would tend to prevent side slipping in making a right hand turn. The right hand rudder may be positioned as shown in Figure 3, or the angle of incident may be changed. lith both rudders disposed in a like direction, it will be seen that the angle of incident of the rudders may be changed so as to elevate the aeroplane in its Hight or vcause the `gradual descent thereof; ff p I Furthermore, these -rudders may be vused for preventing andcommg out of nose dives and tail spins and may be very efficiently used in preventing nose dives during a landing.

It will be further seen that the structure is exceedingly simple and convenient and compact in its arrangement of parts. The rudders may be easily and readily manipulated by the two levers. a pair of levers 32 and 49 to each side of the operator. The rudders themselves will be thoroughly efiicient and reliable when properly manipulated through the levers.

lt is thought that the construction, operation, and advantages of this invention will now be quite apparent to those skilled in this art, without a more detailed description thereof. The present embodiment of the invention has been disclosed in detail merely for the purpose of exemplification, since in actual practice it will attain the features of advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description. lt will be apparent that changes in the details of construction, and in the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. ln an aeroplane, a pair of wings, rudvder structures on the ends ofy the wings,

each including an upper blade above the wing, and a lower blade below the wing, and means for turning the blades about vertical and horizontal axes.

2. yIn an aeroplane, a pair of wings, rudder structures on the ends of the wings, each including an upper blade above the wing, and a lower blade below the wing, means for turning the blades about vertical and horizontal axes, the blades of each rudder structure being disposed in parallelism.

3. In an aeroplane, a pair of wings, rudder structures at the ends of the wings, each rudder structure comprising a shaft extending through the wing and having a blade at its upper end and a blade at its lower end, and means for rocking the shafts on their axes, and means for tilting the shaft.

4. In an aeroplane, a pair of wings, rudder structures at the ends of the wings, each rudder structure comprising a shaft eXtending through the wing and having a blade at its upper end and a. blade at its lower end, `means for rocking the shafts on their axes, means for tilting the shaft, said blades being disposed obliquely to the shaft, and the blades of each shaft being disposed in parallelism.

5. In an aeroplane, a; wing comprising an upper and a. lower covering, bracesv between the. coverings, said coverings having vopenings, a shaft extending through the openings, a pair of plates between the coverings and attached to the braces to be disposed in spaced parallelism to each other, arms extending from the shaft between the plates, said plates having openings through which the shaft extends and means for tilting the shaft on the axes of the arms, and means for rocking the shaft about its own axis by swinging the arms.`

6. In an aeroplane, a wing Comprising an upper and a lower covering, braces between the coverings, said coverings having openings, a shaft extending' through the openings, a pair of plates between the coverings and attached to the braces to be disposed ink

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