US1720603A - Refrigerating machine - Google Patents

Description

July 9, 1929. MAlURl ET AL 1.720.603

REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l July 9, 1929.

s. MAIURI ET AL 1,720,603

REFRIGERATING MACHINE Patented July 9, 1929.

UNITE-D STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GUIDO MAIURI AND FOB'I'UNATO NINO MORASCHI, OF TURIN, ITALY, ASSIGNORS '10 ANTON EDWIN ANDERSON AND RAOUL FELICE BOSSINI, BOTH OF LONDON,

ENGLAND.

BEFBIGEBATING MACHINE.

i. Application filed July 14, 1925, Serial m. 43,504, and in Italy June 3, 1924.

' This invention relates to a refrigerating machine for absorption of ammonia or any other substance having the same property and has a continuous automatic functioning without pump or any other moving parts, thus obviating the use of a prime mover and stuffing box. The machine is absolutely enclosed within itself and is so arranged that by its action the concentrated solution from the absorption tank returns automatically to the boiler. v In order that our invention may be properly understood and readily carried into effect, we have hereunto appended two sheets of drawings, of which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation illustrating our invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the absorption pulsometer. v

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a slightly modified form of the boiler arrangement shown in Figure 1.

In carrying out this invention and re ferring to the drawings, A is the boiler which can be heated by gas, steam, electricity or any other source of heat. In this boiler A the ammonia solution is heated so that it vaporizes the ammonia. The ammonia vapor rises from the boiler A and passes through the piping F which is of large diameter, and then through the piping I to the condenser coil E. An absorption tank G is provided inside the condenser coils E, which condenser'coils E 85 are contained inside a cooling tank L. The cooling water enters the cooling tank Lat the inlet J, and leaves at the outlet K. This cooling water circulates in the helicoidal space formed by the condenser coils E, cool- 40 ing tank L and absorption tank C.

- It is obvious that by obtaining the correct size of cooling tank L and the correct spacing or pitch of the coils E, it is possible to obtain a maximum of cooling effects.

The ammonia vapor is liquefied in the con; denser coils E by giving its heat to the cooling water in the tank L, and through the regulating valve M passes into the evaporator N from which the refrigerating action of the evaporation is communicated to a refrigeration tank or freezer, or to any other efi'ect required and from the evaporator N by means of the pi e O the ammonia vapor flows to the absorption tank C.

In the boiler A the weak ammonia solutlon at the bottom is compressed by the pressure of the boiler A into the pipe G and the outflowmg of the necessary quantity of liquid is regulated by the valve H. This weak ammonia solution coming through the valve H becomes mixed with the vapor in the upper part of the pipe 'G. The mixture now goes to the top of the absorption tank 0 where a cone Z spreads it on the internal surface ,of the absorption tank C. On its wayto the bottom it becomes richer in ammonla andits fall is retarded by the coil D situated round the inner surface of the tank C. The saturated solution is pushed up the coil D, to the automatic apparatus which is hereinafter designated as the absorption pulsometer and is provided to pass the rich ammonlacal solution from the lower pressure of the absorption tank C to the higher pressure in the boiler A by introducing it into the pipe F. a

The piping F is of sufiiciently large diameter to allow the passage through it of the pipe G, which pipe G carries the weak solution of ammonia from the boiler A to the absorption tank C. To admit of obtaining the maximum effect of the exchange of temperature between the weak solution of ammonia passing from the same with the result of the maximum relief of gas, the pipe G passes throughthe lower portion of the pipe F so as to be in complete contact with the solution in the same pipe F. As the two solutions are moving in opposite directions the exchange of temperature is most efficient. The absorption pulsometer of which Figure 2 is a section constructed as follows B is a hollow receptacle of ball-shape formation in which is situated a floating ball Q of sheet iron or other suitable metal and to which is attached a lever S projecting at its end.v At a convenient distance from the projecting point the lever S engages with an iron or other weight P of cylindrical form and having a hole through which the lever passes, the size of the hole being such as to enable the float to rise to a certain height before acting on the weight P. This weight P is provided at the upper and lower sides each with a spherical ball retained in a recess in said wei ht and balls respectively can close or open t e valve T or R, the valve T being twice the diameterv of the valve R. The opening T .is in communication with the coil D, Figure, 1, which terminates in a rich solution at the bottom of the tank 0 and 'the valve R is incommunication with the upper end of the pipe F and thus to the boiler A.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows l The weight P is calculated so as to withstand the .maximum pressure which can be produced at the valve R, which is a difference between the pressure in the boiler A and that in the tank C. When the weight P is down the valve R is closed, and the valve T is open. Hence the ammonia vapor contained in the spherical hollow receptacle B will dissolve in the solution coming from the tank C and so allows this solution to' fill the receptacle B which will float or raise the sphere or ball 0 and at one stage the lever S will act on the weight P and so doing, open the valve R and close the valve T. At this moment through the valve R ammonia solutionwill pass on and bring the pressure in the receptacle B to the pressure of the boileriS. As the valve T is twice the diameter ofthe valve R the difference of pressure is eater than the pressure wanted by the wei t P, acid so the weight will hold the valve closed. From the valve R which is open, the solution which fills the rece tacle B will flow slowly into the boiler As soon. as the lever drops in the receptacle B, the ball Q, will act on the lever S and bring down the weight P, open the valve T and close the valve'R. The ammonia solution in the receptacle B will dissolve. the solution for the tank C and the operation will be carried out as before. The valves T and R and the play between the lever S and the weight P are so designed as to allow only the flow of the quantity of the solution necessary to the proper functioning of the' apparatus, and hence to regulate functioning of the apparatus it is necessary to only once properly adjust the valves H and N.

In an apparatus of-small capacity all the pgrts can be closed and welded as a closed dy and delivered to the customers without requiring any interferences from them.

The person in charge or using same has only to light the heating appliance and turn on the condensing water to put the apparatus in action and without having to think about lubrication matters or stufling box. It is possible also in small appliances to dispense with the regulating valve H by' adding in the boiler A an auxiliary apparatus consisting of the float U, Figure 3, which by means of the lever closes and opens the valve W of the pipe G. The efiect of this float is to keep the level constant in the boiler.

- All the regulating valves can be dispensed with if necessary.

The floats A and U are situated in receptacles where the pressure varies and to avoid,

the possibility of an excess of pressure crushing them, an opening V has been provided at the top part of them in which a return valve is held open from the outside to the inside so as to allow the ammonia vapor to enter when the external pressure rises, and to retain same when the ex ternal pressure drops, by this means very thin metal can be employed in construction with absolute safety.

Other substances having the same properties as (ammonia and water can also be used in the apparatus described.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is:

Refrigerating apparatus comprising a vaporizing still, a condenser, a duct connecting the still and condenser, an absorbing tank,

an evaporator forming a conduit between the nately open and close said valved connections according to variations in liquid level in said ulsometer tank, said means comprising a oat said pulsometer tank and a weight also in said tank and connected to said float for operation thereby.

In witness whereof we aflix our signatures.

GUIDO MAIURI. FORTUNATO NINO MORASCHI.

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