US1719642A - Furnace and lining material therefor - Google Patents

Description

July'z, 1929.

E. G. BA1LEY FURNACE AND LINING MATERIAL THEREFOR Filed Aug. 2e, 1924 .l l. l .l 1 lllllllllllrlllllul Il lllllllllml. llzllLlnll-Llllll l l f l 1 l l ller/IA Patented July 2, 1929. 1,719,642

UNITED STATES PATENT\ OFFICE.

yERVIN G. BAILEY, or CLEVELAND nE'IeHTs, omo, AssIGNoE, BY MESNE AssIGnmEN'rs, To FULLER Lumen COMPANY, A coRPoRATIoN 0E DELAWARE.-

EURNACE AND LINING MATERIAL TEEEEEOE.

Application led August 26, 1924.`y Serial No. 734,333.

This invention relates to furnace construcwork of the furnace wall so that the metallic tion and refractory lining material therefor, portion of the tile will seat upon a considerand is shown embodied in a boiler furnace. able portion of the surface of one or more of The purpose of the invention is.' to secure a the tubes, and the tile also has provision for serviceable and durable furnace construction clamping or fastening each tile independentwhich will withstand a high temperature and ly in place with its metallic portion in conthe destructive action of high velocity flame tact,V with the tubes.

travel and impingement of ne particles of Inn the completed furnace wall the. tiles molten ash, such as is encountered in large are clamped or vfastened to the tubesl so as'to furnaces burning gases or pulverized solid be in contact with one anotheraround their fuel. marginal parts, and the tiles are set with In the lar-ge furnaces which in recent years the refractory face portion at the inside of have been constructed for large steam plants, the furnace, which thus is completely lined and especially those in which powdered coal Wlth refractory material and may have much is used as a fuel, it has been found that vwith the same appearance as if composed wholly the bestv refractory materials andv best cono f refractory material such as the bricks or struction ava`ilable,vthe furnace walls have Atiling in the usual construction'of furnace been very short lived, owing largely to the ',Walls. fluxing of the ash and the rapid wearing The refractory portion of the lining of away of the furnace wall, when subjected to the furnace is, however, relatively quite the high temperature and violent movement thin, and together with the metallic portion of the gases and ash particles resulting from to which it is intimately united, and which the use 0f pulverized solid fuel. lies in firm, intimate Contact with Water The rapid deterioration of the furnace tubes, a'OIdS agood'heat conductor from walls and the cost of renewing them have the inteI'OI eXpOSed faCe Of the lining t0 the constituted a very serious drawback to the water in the tubes. .v use of powdered coal as a fuel, although iny By this construction the heat is conducted some respects it has a marked advantage fromfthe refractory materiall to the water over solid fuel and the stoking and burning with sufficient rapidityto preventA the refracappli'ances employed in connection theretory material from being heated to a temperwith. A ature sufficient to weaken it, or to result in the A furnace wall composed mainly of water fusion of ash and slag upon it, so that it is tubes, while being more durable than one extremely durablev as compared Wlth the made of refractory masonry, is objectionable usual refractory wall constructlon, but as because it kee .s the furnace wall at too low contrastedwith a water tube wall it attains temperature of the fuel.

In accordance. with the present invention, the furnace wall is composed in part of water ,A i tubes which supply the structural strength from the refractory portion of the wall is combustion ofthe fuel and gas in a state of good efficiency.

or most effective combustionv a suiiiciently high temperature to keep the The heat/which is ,thus .conducted away for the wall, said tubes being used in conalmost entirely imparted to the waterl in the F junction' with a novel lining material contubes and thus serves the purpose of genersisting of a composite tile formed in part of ating steam Without substantial waste of refractory material and in part of cast iron hea l `f or equivalent material intimately united to In the accompanying drawing, the refractory portion and together there- Fig. l represents the side wall of a furwith constituting a unitaryv tile. nace of a construction embodying this inven- YThe refractory portion of the tile is subtion, a portion of the outer portion of the stantially like the lface portion of an ordi-D wall being shown as broken away to show nary tile or bricksuch as is used in refracthe water tubes and the refractory lining tory masonry, while the metallic portion, pf .material secured thereto. cast iron, is shaped with reference to the Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the tiles as tubes which constitute the structural frame they adjoin one another in the furnace wall,

loo

a portion of one of the said tiles being shown in longitudinal section.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of one ofthe tiles showing the rear or back portion which is to be in contact with the tubes; and

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of a portion of the furnace Wall, one of the tiles being l shownin section on line @n2 of Fig. 3 and the other tiles of the course in plan.

In the illustrated example of the invention the side wall of the furnace is composed of a number of vertical water circulating tubes 2 connected at the lower end with a header or manifold, 3, into which the cooler water is introduced, and at the upper end with the water space of the boiler in any suitable Way for securing the circulation of water through the tubes as in common practice.

The spaces between the vertical tubes 2 are closed and the furnace is provided with a continuous refractory lining by the employinent, in conjunction with the tubes, of refractory tiling composed of composite tiles of a construction such as is represented in Figs. 2, 3 and 4.

Each tile is composed of a facing member l0 of refractory material of substantial thickness and a backing or body portion 12 of metal intimately secured to or interl'ocked with said facing member 10 of refractory material. l

The proper union of the refractory facing member and metallic backing may be attained by first manufacturing the facing member with suitable recesses and rabbets as. shown, and then placing the same in a mold such as used for casting metals, having a cavity adjacent to the refractory portion of proper shape for the metallic portion of the tile. The molten metal is then run into the mold and entering the cavities and rab bets of the tiling as shown at 14, 15, becomes completely interlocked therewith and forms intimate union with the refractory portion throughout the entire contacting surface thereof.

The metallic backing or body portion of the tile is also formed with suitable seats 16 to t and make a close contact'with the pipes 2 against which the tiles are to be secured, said seats extending the full length of the tile and affording the maximum area attainable of contacting surfaces between the pipes and tiling.

In order to obtain maximum conductivity of heat from the refractory lining to the 'water in the tubes a lead or other soft metal gasket may be placed between the rough cast body portion of the tiling, and the rough surface of the tubes. as indicated at 13; this soft material being compressed into close and intimate Contact with the surfaces between which it lies by the pressure of the devices employed for securing the tiling to the pipes which will be hereafter described.

The interlockingv metallic portions 14, 15, of the tile do not extend through the entire thickness of the refractory portion, which thus provides an uninterrupted layer of re, fractory lining material over its entire inner surface, which is exposed at the inside of the furnace.

The rear metallic portion of the tile is also provided with a notched recess as shown at 17 to form a hold or anchorage for the head of a. bolt 18, by which the tile is secured to the tubes 2, a suitable saddle or clampv member 19 being interposed between the nut and the tubes 2 so that each tile unit is detachably secured to and supported by the tubes substantially independently of the others.

rlhe metallic portion of the tile is here shown as offset with relation to the refractory portion at the upper and lower edges as best shown at 20, 21, Fig. 2, to afford an overlapping joint between the successive horizontal courses of the tiling and contribute to the rendering of the furnace wall air tight.

While the tubes and tiling are sufficient for the wall structure, the wall is shown in Figs. 1 and 4 as completed by a layer 30 of nonconducting material applied on the outside of the tiling and covered by plates 31 of sheet metal which are secured together and also secured to the furnace wall by some of the bolts 18 which are extended through to the outside of the furnace as shown in dotted lines at 180, Fig. 4.

Some of the advantages ofthis construction of a boiler furnace have already been indicated. The composite tiling, when in place, affords by its face portion, a complete refractory lining or Wall area for the furnace, .superficially like that usually `employed but of relatively sm'all thickness as compared with the usual masonry wall, whether a solid wall or a hollow air-cooled wall. The intimately united interiocked metallic portion 12- affords adequate strength and support for the relatively thin refractory material, and also rapidly conducts the heat therefrom to the water in the circulating tubes 2 against which the tiles are clamped. j

The refractory portion of the lining becomes heated to a sufficiently high temperature to maintain the combustion in the carry and is not subject to any mechanical stress.

The use of the tiling obviously is not limited to boiler furnaces, and for other uses the metallic body portion may be properly shaped to co'-operate with the circulating cooling medium, Whatever it may be, and to be secured to the framing or structural body portion ofthe Wall to meet` the conditions which may be encountered.

It is to be understood that the form, size, and proportion, of the componentsof the tile may be Widely varied without departing from the invention, and that tiling of similar character and in similar structural relations may be used for other purposes than for the construction of furnace Walls. For example, tiling of this nature might be incorporated in a superheater of aconstruction in which the composite tiles are secured to pipes or ducts containing dry steam. In such construction the tiling Would protect the steamducts from excessive heat Which would be detrimental to them if exposed to a v'ery high temperature; thus enabling the superheater to be used at locations in the furnace which would be unsafe unless protected in some Way.

The thickness of the refractory portion of the tiling may be Varied according to the conditions in which the tiling is to be used. For example, with some grades of fuel the tiling can withstand a much higher temperature safely than With certain other grades. It is desirable that the thickness should be such as to keep the temperature two or threer hundred degrees lower than the fusing temperature of the ash of the fuel that is to be used, so that even though the ash is flying through the furnace in small particles in a moltenstate, it will not adhere to the refractory lining, or if it should adhere in some cases, it would be of a spongy nature which can readily be removed Without injury to the refractory surface.

Claims: v.

1. A furnace Wall comprising a series of circulating tubes constituting the structural sustaining component of the Wall, combined.

with lining tiles each provided with seats Ato fit and make extensiw contact with the tubes and each having provision for being independently clamped into firm -contact with said tubes and gaskets of -soft metal interposed between said seats and tubes.

2. A furnace wall comprising a row of spaced cooling tubes and a plurality of tile positioned edge to edge and connected to and supported by said tubes to form a substantially continuous wall area, each of said tile comprising a refractory furnace facing member, and a metallic backing therefor having its front face in intimate thermal contact with the rear face of the refractory member and a.. relatively large lportion of its rear face in intimate thermal contact with at least one of said tubes.

3. A furnace Wall comprising a row of spaced cooling tubes and a plurality' of tile positioned edge to vedge and connected to and supported by said tubes to form a substantially continuous Wall area, each of said tile comprising a refractory furnace facing member, a metallic backing therefor having its front face in intimate thermal contact With the rear face of the refractory member and a relatively large portion of its rear face in intimate thermal contact with at least one of said tubes, and clampinO' means for each tile to draw the metallic zbacking thereof toward and into intimate thermal Contact with said tubes.

4. A furnace Wall comprising a row of spaced cooling tubes and a plurality of tile positioned edge to edge and connected to and supported by said tubes to form a substantially continuous Wall area, each of said tile comprising a refractory furnace facing member, a metallic backing therefor having its front face in intimate thermal contact with the rear face of the refractory member and a relatively large portion of its rear face in intimate thermal vContact With at least one of said tubes, and clamping means for each tile to draw the metallic backing thereof toward and into intimate thermal contact with said tubes, said means comprising a member contacting With the rear side of said tubes and a bolt extending between said member and said metallic backing.

5. A furnace Wall comprising a roW of spaced cooling tubes and a plurality of tile positioned edge to edge and connected to and supported by said tubes to form a substantially continuous Wall arca, each of said tile comprising a refractory furnace facing member, and a metallic backing therefor having its front face in intimate. thermal contact With the rear face of the refractory member and a relatively large portion of its rear face in intimate thermal contact With at least one of said tubes, the metallic backingsof adjacent tile being spaced apart a greater distance than the corresponding refractory members. v

6. A furnace Wall comprising a roWAof spaced cooling tubes and a plurality of highly heat-conductive tile positioned edge to edge tol form a substantially continuous Wall area,'each of said tile having intimate thermal contact with at least one of said tubes, and means to connect said tile to said tubes, said means being adapted to permit independent attachment and removal of any of said tile.

ERVIN G..BAILEY.

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