US1704388A - Steam boiler - Google Patents

Description

March 5, 1929.

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ID. s. JAcoBus STEAM BOILER Filed April l5. 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

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March 5, 1929. D 5, JACOBUS 1,704,388

STEAM BOILER l Filed April 15, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENToR.

BY /vk /M' ATTORNEYS.

Patented Mar. 5, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID S. JACOBUS, F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO THE BABCOCK & WIL- COX COMPANY, 0F BAYONNE, lNEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

STEAM BOILEB.

Application led April 1-5, 1919. Serial No. 290,180.

Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section through a boiler showing one embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 a section on the plane of the line 2.,-2 of Fig. 1; Flg. 3 an enlarged Isection through the downtake headers to illustrate the method of staggering, and Fig. 4 a view similar to Fi lillustrating certain modifications. Simi ar `reference numerals indicate similar parts inthe several views.

Referring to Fig. 1, the numeral 1 designates an upper bank of horizontally inclined water tubes, and 2 a corresponding lower bank shown as comprising three rows. The

i5 combustion chamber 3 below the lower bankof tubes extends substantially the entire length of the tubes, the boiler being fired at both front and rear by underfced stoker mechanisms 3 of well known construction. The lower ends of the tubes ot alternate vertical rows of the upper bank are connected to downtake headers 4 and 5, and the upper ends of said tubes are connected to uptake headers 6 and 7, while' the lower ends of the tubes of alternate vertical rowsof the lower bank are connected to header sections 8 and 9, and the upper ends of said tubes are connected with drop-leg extensions 6 and 7 of the uptake headers 6 and 7. -The headers 4 and 5 are connected to the header sections 8 and 9, respectively, b relatively long nipples 10 and 11, and t e upper ends of the headers 4 and 5 are connected to a transverse steam and water drum 12 by lnipples 13 and 14 which arepreferably substantially straight and parallel as illustrated. All of the headers are referably sinuous in form in the planes of t e headers of the repective rows, as indicated in Fig. 1. Said um is also connected to the u take headers 6 and 7 by two rows of horizontal tubes 15. A balile 16 extends over the upper row of tubes 2 from the header sections 8 and 9 for a ortion of their length, and4 a transverse aille 17 divides the upper bank ot' tubes into two passes so that the gases will flow over the banks of tubes in the general direction indicated by the arrows to the outlet connection 18, the latter delivering the 5o gases to an uptake iuein which is located an economizer comprising a series of horizontal boxes 19 connected by tubes 20. This economizer may constitute the high pressure stage of an economizer system, the low pres- 66 sure stage of which is not shown 1n Fig. 1

but is shown in Fig. 4. The tubes and boxes of the economizer shown in Fig. 1 are preferably of wrought iron or wrought steel to withstand the high boiler pressure to whichr they are subjected. As shown, it is divided into three sections, water entering the uppermost section through the pi e 21 and leaving said section through-t e pipe 22, by which the water is delivered to the middle section and leaves the latter through the pipe 23, which delivers it to the lowermost section, from which the water flows through a pipe 24 to the steam and Water drum 12.

By arranging. the economizer in the way described, the advantages of the counteriiow principle are secured as the upper- `most of the three sections which comes in contact with. the coolest gases will contain the coolest water, the middle sectionwhich comes in contact with the gases of an intermediate temperature somewhat hotter water, and the third and lowermost section which comes in contact with the hottest gases will contain the hottest water. Each section is fed at the lower part and the heated water passes away from the upper part. VVThis Vresults in the water owing upwardly throughout each section which gives a more even distribution between the different tubes than should the Water be fed downwardly through the sections. Again, by feeding the water upwardly throughout eachlsection in the wa described the lwater flowing through eaci n tube flows in a slightly upward direction and tends to more thoroughly sweep out any air or contained gases from the tubes than would be thecase should there be a downward flow. Intheiformshown in Fig. 1,' a primary superheatel 25 is located in the trlangular space above the upper bank of tubes, and a secondary superheater 26 lis located in the secondary combustion chamber between the two banks of tubes, the steam from the drum 12 being delivered through the pipe 27 to the superheater 25 land from the latter through a pipe 28 to the u per box of the superheater 26. The super cated steam is delivered to the main through a connection from the lower box 26 of the superheater 26. A second superheater 29 is also located in the secondary combustion chamber between the two banks of tubes, to the upper crossbox of which steam is delivered from one of the stages of-a steam turbine, and the steam so re-superheated, returned through a connection from the cross-box 29 to a lower pressure section of the turbine. All of these superheaters comprise cross-boxes connected by U-tubes and all are arranged with theirl horizontal so that they can be Hooded an drained. Also, the

upper legs substantiall lstruction described is the staggered arrangement of the headers whereby headers'having a greater width than the distance between the tubes measured horizontally may be employed, and thus enabling the use of a* heavier construction of header for a given tube diameter than is possible where lthe"y tubes at the top of the third ass. In pracheaders are arranged in the same plane. For example, if a boiler for exceptionallI high pressure is desired, a header that wou d normally be used for a four-inch diameter tube could ,be made of the same outside'dimen-v sions but with thickerwalls and couldV be employed for a three-inch tube. Shouldall.

ofthe headers when constructed in this way be'placed in the same plane, the spaces between the three-inch tubes for the passa e yof the gases would be wider than they shou d be for the best operation and eiiiciency. By overlapping .the headers the proper spaces for the passage of the gases is secured between the tubes. With the staggered and overla ping arrangement of the headers I provi e means for calking the spaces be tween the headers to secure a gas-tight joint, as by placing asbestos or other plastic material 48 between the headers and holding suchmaterial in position by special ieces 49, in the form of angle irons, bent to t the sta ger of the headers. The ieces 49 may be eld byfiuted struts 49, wich, after being placed in position and being struck, will be extended and made to bear tight against the pieces 49.v

Another feature of the described arrangement is that where the gases are taken 0E between the two banksv of tubes, as in Fig. 1, the staggered arrangement of the nipples 10 and 11 can be secured with straight nipples instead of using curved nipples, as described in a companion application. Also, the staggered arrangement of the nipples 13 and 14 which connect the steam and water drum 12 with the headers 4 and 5 results in thecut-` ting away of a less amount of metal in a lon; gitudinal line measured along the drum, thereby giving greater strength for a given `drum thickness than is possible with all of the same adventages` in the staggered ar-l rangement ofthe headers and nipples as described in connection with Fig. 1. The bank is-.here shownl as divided into three transverse passes by baiiies 30 and 31, the former being vertical so as to rovide a gradual reduction of area for the ow of the gases, and the latterbeing inclined so asto provide an opening at the top of the second pass' of substantially the same area as'the opening at the top of the first pass. The gases take the general course indicated by the arrows and leave the boiler between the staggered row of nipples 13 and 14 which connect the downtake headers and the steam and water drum. The area for the iiow of the gases and between the nipples should be at least the same as that between the boiler tice, if the distance between t e center lines of the tubes of each row of nipples is twelve inches, and corresponds to the spacnipples .1 for the flow of the gases for tubes 3 in diameterjwill be nine inches. p

After ythe gases leave the boiler they enter the outlet connection 18 and flow over the tubes of a high ressure stage'of an econowardlyth-rough the tubes to the boxes 34' and then into a cross-box 36, from which it flows to the steam andk water drum 12. The gases are made to How across the tubes 32 by cross baliies 37 which'extend about twothirds of the way across the full width of the economizerll These cross baiiles are preferably made of cast iron plates and need not be perfectly tight, as they serve merely as deiectors to throw the gases from one side to the other. The economizer tubes are kept clean by means of rotary vsoot blowers 38 passing in from the rear, as indicated.

The gases, after leaving the high pressure stage of the economizer, iiow through a horizontal flue 39 in which is located the low pressure stage of the economizer, such stage, as here shown, consisting of three banks of vertically arranged tubes 40 fitted into horizontal "boxes or headers, the tubes and headers preferably being of cast iron. The tubes of the several banks are' sov connected that the water entering through pipe 41 is distributed through the lower connected headers of the right-hand bank, and from said bank, flows in succession` through the other banks to the outlet pipe 42, through which it may be delivered to a tank,

v. ing between the boiler tubes six inches apart, the spaces vbetween the tubes of each row of VThe water, if such ta not shown, to eect the disengagement and escape of the air and ases from the water. is used, is pumped to the high pressure section through a pipe leading to the cross-box 35. i

Beneath the low pressure stage of the economizer are hoppers 43 for collecting soot deposited from the gases, and that which may be removed from the exterior of the tubes by Scrapers 44. A suitable hopper 45 is also shown under the high pressure stage ofthe economizer. The gases are drawn from the boiler through the ecenomizer stages by a suction fan 46. In this particular arrangement. the boiler is shown as fired by a travelling Stoker 47. The steam from the boiler is led by the pipe 27 to the superheater in the triangular space above the upper bank of tubes, the superheater shown comprising two double loops of U-tubes, the steam entering the box 48 and leaving by the box 49 to the steam main. The steam from one of the nipples of the-turbine is re-superheated in the superheater 29 in the secondary combustionchambei' between the two banks of tubes, as in Fig. 1, The ses are directed to the uptake ass of the tu s by the bale 16 andby the baille 50 between the superheater boxes, as indicated in both Figures 1 and 2.

What I claim and desire to @cure by Letters Patent of lthe United States is 1. A. water tube boiler comprising a bank of generating tubes, headers to which said tubes are connected, saidheaders being arranged in rows and those of one row staggered relatively to those of the other row, calking in the spaces between the headers to secure a as-tight joint, and retaining members to lold the calking material in position.

2. A water tube boiler comprising a bank of generating tubes, headers to which said tubes are connected,'said headers being arranged in rows and those of one row staggered relatively to lthose `of the other row',

'members bent to lit the staggers of the headers, calking between said members and the headers, and retaining members bearing against 'said bent members.

3. A water ftube boiler comprising two banks of tubes spaced apart, downtake and take headers being arranged in staggered relation, .a transverse baille in -the upper bank of tubes, nipples connecting the two sets of downtake headers, said nipples being also arranged in staggered relation, and an outf let flue connecting with the down pass of the upper bank of tubes and arranged to lead the gases across said sta gered nlpples from between the banks of tubes.

5. A water tube boiler comprisin s aced headers connected by water tubes, t e eaders at one end at least of the tubes being varranged in staggered relation, a water chamber, connections including nipples from the last mentioned headers to sa1d water chamber, and an outlet flue into `which the gases are discharged between said nipples.

6. A water tube boiler comprisin s aced headers connected by water tubes, t e eaders at one end at' least of the tubes being arranged in staggered relation, a water chamber, connections including substantially straight parallel nipples from thelast mentioned headers to said water chamber, and an outlet flue into which the gasesare discharged between said nipples.

7. A water tube boiler comprising a drum and spaced headers connected by water tubes, the headers at one end. at least of the tubes being arranged in staggered relation, nipples connected at one en to said staggered headers and arranged in staggered and parallel relation, said nipples bein oonnected at their otherends to said rum, and a superheater located within-the boiler setting in a agace defined in part by said nipples the tu of which are adapted to be 'withdrawn between said nipples.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto si edm name.

y DAVIDSJACOBUS.'

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