US1692203A - Process of treating hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Process of treating hydrocarbons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1692203A US1692203A US245592A US24559218A US1692203A US 1692203 A US1692203 A US 1692203A US 245592 A US245592 A US 245592A US 24559218 A US24559218 A US 24559218A US 1692203 A US1692203 A US 1692203A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- aluminum chloride
- chloride
- hydrocarbon
- still
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 56
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229940063656 aluminum chloride Drugs 0.000 description 28
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/08—Halides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Nov. 20, 1928.
Original; Filed July 19. 1918 lzvriawcr PATENT OFFICE.
GUSTAV EGIIOFF, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
Application filed July 19, 1913, Serial No.
This invention relates to improvements in process of treating hydrocarbons and refers more particularly to the treatment othigh boiling point oils such as petroleum residues,
spruce turpentine, high boiling coal tar OllS ahd the like, to convert the same into lower boiling point oils.
Among the objects of the invention are to dissociate the oil by means of an eflicient 1ntroduction into the oil in such a way as to insure the aluminum chloride thoroughly mixing with the Oll.
By the use of aluminum chloride as adissociating reagent the temperature of the oil may be kept below the normal distilling point of the highest boiling oint constituents of the oil being treated. or example, 1n some instances, it the oil boils at 750 F, 1t may be dissociated at a temperature of about 300 The variation of temperature, of course, depends very largely upon the character of oil being treated E D 4 In the presentinvention, alummum chloride may be used as such or generated 1n the body of the oil in the still by putting into e latter aluminum in the form of shavings, sheets or powder and then adding corrosive sublnnate or some other sub-catalyst-and then passing hydrogen chloride gas or chlorine gas through the body of the oil and. the solid substances in the still. Preferably, before the gases are passed through the oil the solid substances and the oil in the still are heated. The aluminum chloride forming reaction takes place more eficiently if the oil is heated he fers the gases are passed through it.
in the accompanying drawing the figure re shown illustrates an-apparatus in which invention may be carried out. the ing, 1 designates a vertical still mounted a furnace 2. A reflux condenser 3 which take the form of a conduit, in which osed'a valve l, leads from the top ill to a water cooled condenser coil 31 turn is connected to a receiving is tank 6 is provided with sight provided. with throttle valve d aluminum chloride are cirs of circulating pump 11, pipe The rate of circulation is us of valve 14. A pipe 15 id of the still 1 to the cirvalve 16 is interposed as of aluminum chloride essure gauge 8, draw-oil pipe 9,
245,592 Renewed April 21, 1928.
safety. The dotted line 18 indicates the level of the oil and the dotted line 18 the level of the aluminum chloride. e The rose 19 is at. tached to a source of chloride forming gas and controlled by valve 20. The oil is introduced by the pump which is connected toany suitable source of supply (not shown). The catalyzer is introduced through suitable manholes (not shown) and the subcatalyst in the same way. The excess chlorine and other fixed gases pass out through the gas outlet 6 cont-rolled by the valve 7. The carbon is removed b manhole plate (not shown).
In or or to more clearly practice the'invention, I give herewith an illustrative run: The method which I have found to be advantageous is to charge the still with hydrocarbon oil adding to same 1 to 2 percent aluminum powder by weight of the oil plus onetenth of one percent corrosive sublimate by weight of the oil. The oil isheated, and while heating same hydrogen chloride gas is passed through the rose (19) shown in the drawing which gas in the presence of corrosive sublimate reacts immediately with the aluminum forming aluminum chloride. Without the corrosive sublimate present the formation of the aluminum chloride is very, slow in hydrocarbon liquid. The action of the corrosive sublimate is to act catalytical- 1y with aluminum chloride in the presence of hydrocarbon liquid and also to assist in the catalysis of the said hydrocarbon liquid and I have called this corrosive sublimate a sub-catalyst and the aluminum chloride the catalyst in the reaction of forming low boiling hydrocarbons from high boiling drocarbons. The temperature of the body of oil and aluminum chloride is maintained at 450 to 500 F. and the temperature of the vapors leaving the still is maintained at 400 F. so as to produce a present marketable gasoline having an approximate end point distillation of 440 F- The pressure on the system is atmospheric, although at times a pressure of two to five pounds has developed on still, due to the fric tion of the pipes and some volatilized alumi-. num chloride passing out of the system and recondensing in the piping system. The rate I v of distillation of the hydrocarbon liquid was 10!: 3 to 5 percent of the still charge per hour. Thew percentage yield of marketable gasoline obtained using kerosene of 42 Baum gravity ranged between 23 to percent and was 'found to be dependent upon the velocity of chloride by the use of hydrogen chloride or chlorine with aluminum in the presence of hydrocarbon liquid.
The corrosive sublimate also acts as a catalyzer in forming light gravity hydrocarbon liquid from heavy gravity hydrocarbon liquid but only slightly in comparison to the aluminum chloride, hence, in this process the aluminum chloride is the normal catalyzer and corrosive sublimate the sub-catalyst.
I have found that by circulating from the still, 'oil and aluminum chloride through a spray nozzle into thestill again, that the speed of conversion of the heavy hydrocarbon oil intolight oil is much greater than by simply heating the aluminum chloride in the presence of the oil or by use of a mechanical stirrer. An enormously greater. contact surface of the aluminum chloride is attained by circulating and passing through a spray de- 'vice. -The usual method of conversion of hydrocarbon material by aluminum chloride treatment, is by means of heat, or heat and a mechanical stirrer set in the body of the oil.
From my observation of the aluminum chloride'rcaction upon hydrocarbon oil, as the reaction proceeds, the aluminum chloride layer develops a deep red color, which after a time permeates the body of the oil when starting with oils as kerosene, gas oil or lighter colored oils. The reaction area by the ordinary aluminumchloride treatment of hydrocarbon oils, is solely between liquid surfaces,
whereas my "improvement in the art gives enormously larger reaction areas in unit time,
due to circulating and spraying the liquids into the still, in a state of fine division.
I have found that my process increases the amount of product formed in a given time over the older method devised for the aluminum chloride treatment of hydrocarbon oils.
I claim as my invention:
1.'A process of treating hydrocarbon oil comprising heating said oil maintained in a substantial liquid body in the presence of aluminum chloride, maintaining a temperature within said body above the melting point of the. aluminum chloride and sufliclent to vaporize portions of the oil, withdrawing the unvaporized oil and aluminum chloride from the lower part of the liquid body and reintroducing same to the upper part of the liquid body, and continuing such circulation during the treatment, the oil and chloride being returned to the liquid body in an atomized condition.
2. A process of converting hydrocarbon oil into lower boiling point products consisting in heating the oil in a receptacle in the presence of aluminum chloride, the temperature being raised above the melting point of aluminum chloride, and sufiicient to vaporize part of the oil, removing the vapors, withdrawing the unvaporized portions and passing them, under pressure, to a zone where they are permitted to expand, in atomized form,'and retreating such unvaporized portion. 3. A process of converting hydrocarbon oil into lower boiling point products consisting in heating the oil in a receptacle in the presence of aluminum chloride, the temperature being raised above the melting point of aluminum chloride, and suflicient to vaporize part of the oil, removing the vapors, withdrawing the unvaporized portions and passing them under pressure to a zone where they are permitted to expand in atomized form.
- GUSTAV EGLOFFI
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US245592A US1692203A (en) | 1918-07-19 | 1918-07-19 | Process of treating hydrocarbons |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US245592A US1692203A (en) | 1918-07-19 | 1918-07-19 | Process of treating hydrocarbons |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1692203A true US1692203A (en) | 1928-11-20 |
Family
ID=22927310
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US245592A Expired - Lifetime US1692203A (en) | 1918-07-19 | 1918-07-19 | Process of treating hydrocarbons |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1692203A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2446100A (en) * | 1945-07-12 | 1948-07-27 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Preparation of catalysts |
-
1918
- 1918-07-19 US US245592A patent/US1692203A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2446100A (en) * | 1945-07-12 | 1948-07-27 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Preparation of catalysts |
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