US1692111A - Device for waving and curling hair - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 20, 1928.

A. CRAIG DEVICE FOR WAVING AND CURLING HAIR Filed Dec. 5, 1927 Inventor:

Patented Nov. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES ALEXANDER CRAIG, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

DEVICE FOR WAVING AND CURLING'HAIR.

Application filed December 3, 1927,. Serial No. 237,553, and in Great "Britain Maya6, 1927.

This invention relates to devices for waving and curling hair and has for its principal object to provide means by which the hair can be woundton-toa curling rod-or the *like-of-any suitable description and simultaneously subjected to pressure or compression, and with out tensioning or stretchingithe hair.

It has for a further object to provide winding means to icoil the hair on to .the'rod, he winding means having combined therewith h eatingmeanszof any desired type, so that the hair whilst being coiled-on the rod is subjected to heat as well as to pressure or compression.

A further object is to maintain the coiled hair, under pressure or compression, whilst being treated, and a still further object is to coil the hair in flat somewhat rectangular section helices, the longer dimension of the rec tanglebeing at right angles to the axis.

Another object is to combine with the curling rod t-wo pressure plates, one normally fixed at the-end of the rod but from which it is preferably detachable,.and theother mounted around the rod and adapted to slide in tight frictional engagementtherewithor with the sinzrounding windercasing. Still another object is to cause the hair whilst being wound to enter between the pressure plates to pro- 1C0 the flat rectangular section coils and to rce the frictionally mounted .plate away from the other plate, thus subjecting the hair to pressure upon entering between the plates and maintaining the hair under pressure whilst subjected to treatment between the pressure plates, by heat with or without suit- :able compounds.

In order that the invention may be better understood, it will now be described with reference .to the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 -is .a somewhat diagrammatic elevation of one form of rod, winder, and winding means constructed according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is an exterior elevation of the curler vand winder conibinechshown to a larger scale.

Fig. 3 shows asimilar view [to Fig. 2 with parts in section.

4 isan under plano'f Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is "a sectional plan taken from below on the line 5-f5 Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a section on the line =66, Fig. 8.

Fig. 7 showsa sideelevatlion of the movable or upper pressure plate, drawn to a larger scale. i I

Fig. 8 also shows to the same scale the frictional gripping member which carries the: ,a

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary elevation, partly- .in section, of the lower portion of the combined winder and rod illustrating the method of coilingthe hair, and

Fig. 12 shows a diagrammatic .view, to a larger scale, illustrating the "coils of .the hair,

as wound on the curler inadeaccord-ing t0 the invention, the separate coils being drawn apart to show their formation. V

In the drawmgs, the winder comprises an outer cylindrical casing 14 with :a longitudi-.

.nal slot 15, anda smaller inner cylindrical casing 16 also formed with a longitudinailslot. The casings 14 and 16are coaxial and'the slots come in the :same radial position, the edges .tiereof being joined together at 1.7. The lower end of the combined casing is closed at 18 and the upper end is left open. The space between the inner and outer- cylindrical casings 16 and 14 forms a receptacle fora shaped electrical heating element 19.- At the upper end the casings 14and 16 are carried by a collar 20of insulating material having pins '21 projecting therefrom, the said pins being in electrical connection with the windings of .the heater 19. 22 is a connecti-ng member of insulating material which has mounted therein a ring member '23 of insulatmaterial which is adapted to rotate in the connecting member 22. The ringmember 23, has grooves on its exterior .in which are mounted. contact making members .in connection with the leads ofa-cable 24. One o-f'these contact members makes electrical connection with'one-of the pins 21 and the other with the other pin so that when the ring 23 rotates in.

the connector 22 the pins 21-arealways irn electrical connection with the connections from the leads 24. 25 is anenlarged boss-mounted loosely in the inner casing of the winder, which boss is furnished with a notch 26- at the upper side. The inner casing of the winder has connected thereto a sleeve member 27 which passes right through the ring .28 and connector 22 and serves to secure the whole winder in a rotatable manner .to the connec tor 22. It is retained in position bymeans of a collar 28.

The upper end of the sleeve member 27 is notched at 29 and is adapted to cooperate with any suitable winding device which may be hand or power operated. For example the winding device shown in Fig. 1 may be employed. This comprises two levers 30 and 31 having turned round ends 32 and 33. The turned round end 32 is formed with a bearing 34 for one end of a shaft or spindle 35. This shaft or spindle 35 has keyed thereon a ratchet wheel 36 and mounted loosely between the bearing 34 and ratchet wheel 36 is a toothed wheel 37. The turned round member 33 on the underside is formed with a rack, the teeth of which engage with the teeth of the wheel 37. The arm 30 at the other end is provided with another bearing 38 for the shaft 35 and to this hearing the arm 31 is pivoted at 39 as shown. Spring means, not shown on the drawing, is incorporated between the arms 30 and 31, for example at the hinge, tending to keep the arms drawn apart, in which position they are maintained normally by means of a stop, at the hinge or between the arms. This position is shown at Fig. 1. When the arms 30 and 31 are gripped together the teeth of the rack on the member 33 cause the wheel 37 to be turned. This wheel 37 carries a pawl 40 engaging with the ratchet wheel 36. The return movement is effected by the spring between the arms 30 and 31. Either on the forward movement or on the return movement, according to circumstances, the pawl 40 engages the ratchet wheel 36 and drives the shaft 35. In this opposite direction the pawl 40 slips teeth in the usual manner.

A casing 41 is attached to the bearing 38 and into this casing the shaft 35 projects and has mounted thereon a bevel wheel 42, which meshes with another bevel wheel 43 carrying on the exterior a sleeve 44 with a projection or projections 45. This sleeve rotates over a fixed projecting stem 46 fixed to the interior of the casing 41 so as not to rotate. The stem 46 at the front end is formed with a projection or engaging member 47.

In use the sleeve 44 fits within the notched end of the sleeve 27 so that the pin 45 engages in the notch or notches 29. In this position also the projection 47 comes into the slot or notch 26 in the boss 25. The boss 25 has formed therewith or attached thereto a rod 48 which is actually the rod of the curler.

This rod 48 is located as shown centrally in the interior of the casing 16 and projects therefrom to a slight extent. At its lower end. it is formed with a notch 49 in the side thereof and on this lower end is mounted a device comprising a combined pressure plate and means for holding the strand of hair in a temporary manner prior to and during the first portion of the winding. This combined device comprises an upper plate 50 having an aperture therein of sulficient size to enable it to pass up over the end of the rod 48. On the upper side this plate is formed with a concentrio depression or groove 51 (see Fig. into which the end of the curler casing fits as shown. This plate is also provided with a notch 52 (see Fig. 4). The under member comprises another plate 53 pivoted at 54 to the plate 50 and having a quadrant or arc-like portion 55. The radius of this quadrant or arc-like portion 55 is such that the plate 53 by being turned on the pivot 54 can be brought to engage in the notch or slot 49 in the end of the rod 48 to hold the combined device comprised by the plates 50 and 53 in position on the end of the rod. T he plate 53 is moved by means of a handle 56, and taken at the posi-' tion shown in Fig. 4, if the handle 56 is depressed to a suflicient extent, the plate 50 will be freed from the notch 49 enabling the whole device to be detached from the rod 48. To

again attach the device it is simply necessary to pass the plate 50 over the end. of the rod 48 and then to turn the plate to bring the portion 55 into engagement with the notch 49;

this secures the device in position.

The plate 50 also is formed with a projecting portion 57 so disposed that when the quadrant or arc-like portion 55 engages the notch 49, it comes over the notch 52 so that the flat end 58 of the portion 53 approaches the end of this notch. Between this fiat end 58 and the end of the notch 52 the strand of hair is adapted temporarily tobe held during the first portion of the winding operation the strand of hair being brought into position into the notch prior to the complete movement of the plate 53.

A clutch or friction member is mounted to slide on the rod 48 and comiprises a sleeve 59 with a bore therethrough o sufiicient size to move easily on the rod 48. This sleeve is'enlarged in an intermediate position, and the enlargement formed with groove 60. Around this grooved portion is located a helical spring 61, the ends 62 of which project as shown in Fig. 8. The parts are of such diameter that the exterior of the spring 61 when free to expand comes into tight grip-- ping contact with the interior surface of the inner casing 16 or the sleeve carried thereby. When, however, the ends 62 are brought toget-her, the efiective diameter of the turns of the spring is lessened and these then come out 'of gripping contact with the interior surthrough a right angle, it will be understood that the ends 62 of the spring are brought closely together owing to the cam-like action of the slot- 64 and the spring is brought out of gripping; contact with the inner sleeve. When the member 63 is turned in the opposite direction, or allowed to turn in this direction, owing to the expansive action of the spring, the turns thereof again come into gripping contact with the inner casing. On to the reduced end 65 of the sliding member 59 is adapted to be mounted a moving pressure plate 66 which is held in position by a pin 67 on the member 59 engaging in a. corresponding aperture 68 in the plate. The shape oi the plate is shown in Fig. and as will be seen this plate comprises a strip-like member 69 which partly envelops and is attached to the plate and which at the free extension comprises a tongue 70. This tongue 70 projects as shown through the slot and forms a guiding member for the strand or hair. Where the member 69 meets the plate 66 the plate is formed with a bevel 71 as shown in Fig. 10. The plate 66 is made detachable as shown so that it desired it can be placed on the reduced end 65 from either end, so as to cause the tongue '50 to project from the slot l5 in either direction, according' to the direction of winding. By n'ianipulating the member 68' the spring 61 can be brought out of gripping engagement and the whole device comprising the member 59 and.

plate 66 can be slidden on the rod 48 and within the casing. It can for example be brought into close proximity with the plate 50 and this is the position ready for curling the hair on the rod.

'lfhe operation is asiollows: Rotation is oftected by manipulating the handles and 81 previously explained and this causes the sleeve 27 with the winder parts attached thereto as previously explained to be rotated in the connector 22 which does not rotate, so that the whole winder rotates around the rod 48 which is held fixed by theprojectioii l? engaging *ith the notch 26; at the lower end it will be appreciated that the projecting portion of the winder rotates in the concentric groove 51. Owing to the frictional connection of the spring 61 the mom )6! 59 and upper pre .re plate 66 are rotated with the winds and is pointed out that to move the upper pressure plate 66 along the rod 48 and within the easing, it is necessary to exert good deal of pros suer on the underside of the plate 66 to overcome the frictional gripping of the spring 61 on the interior of the casing. The strand of hair engaged in the notch 52 as previously explained and temporarily helc by the base 58 and then the strand of hair is placed between the tongue 70 and the ca. gand windingz commenced. The hair is carried round by the tongue and the relative movement causes it to be spread out and pulled between the two plates and 66, the bevel 71 liacilita o; the

entry of the hair between these plates. Owing to the resistance to longitudinal movement of the plate 6'6 the hair is subjected to pressure and is spread out into a flat strand similar to tl illustrated in Fig. 12 but with the turns touching each other. By continued winding the whole of the strandot' hair the like, or that portion it is desired should be treated, is brought between the two pressure pla es, and in this action the upper pressure plate 66 is forced along the rod 48 against the trict-ional grip of the spring. Consequently, during the whole of the Wilding; operation the hair being wound is subjected to pressure and compression, and moreover this pressure or compression is maintained during the whole of the subsequent treatment, and may be increased by forcing the top plate downwards by hand.

While the heater inside the winding portion is preferably in operation and consequently the hair is subjected to heat treatment whileit is being wound and a consequence the swelling occasioned by this preliminary heating increases the pressure or compression. More over the pressure or compression acts upon the hair while in the swollen condition.

Fig. 11 shows a number of turns of the coilillustrating how these are subjected to pressure between the two plates. A portion of the figure shows the method by which the strand of hair passes between the tongue 70 and the casing and is turned under by the bevel 71 to come beneath the pressure plate 66 and to be spread above the last made coil of the helix. 7

Any suitable means may be provided for rotating; the winder around the non-rotatable rod and in some cases this may take the form ot a flexible or other shaft driven from a pedal or by power means, pi terably under control. This flexible or other shaft would be prov ded with a suitable coupling means i it to be put into'operative connection with the winding device in a simple manner and as simply detach d ready to be coupled to another winder. I

For winding a suitable reversing gear could be incorporated in the drive. As shown on he drawings, this reverse is effected by uncoiu ing the tool comprising the levers 36 and from the winder and placing the end lettered 72 into engagement with the sleeve 27 The end lettered 72 nd notch 29. on the drawing comprising an exterior casing cap which is adapted to be removed exposing: a structure similar to that at the other end, that is to say a sleeve 44 and projection 47. When thus used the cap canbe placed a enthouto'fuse.

the first coil or coils have been wound rod, it is no longer essential to hold 1 ii bi 711 the face he of the plate 53 and the end 0 the notch 52 and consequently hair is being wound, the electric the operator need not cause pressure to be exerted thereon, but the pressure between the coils holds the parts in position. Similarly at the end of the winding it is not necessary as at present to tie or otherwise secure the end or other portion of the strand of hair being treated to the rod as the pressure by which it is held between the pressure plates secures the finished coil in position.

In place of the spring means gripping the interior of the winding casing, in some cases the spring may grip around the rod, and with this construction, after the winding has been effected, the winder may be entirely removed from the curler leaving the hair coiled on the curler rod and held between the two pressure plates. With this construction, other heating means may then be placed around the hair coiled on the rod if so desired.

The curler rod may be a simple solid rod, for example as shown on the drawings, or a hollow rod or a compound rod comprising an inner member which may be hollow or solid and an outer sleeve-like member.

The hair coiled on the rod may be impregnated with any desired liquid or compound, or may be moistened by water. This treatment by liquid or compound may be applied periodically during the whole of the heating treatment. In addition the coiled hair can be treated with oil of any kind or other neutralizing agent whilst the winding means is in position and while the hair is under heat. The slot in the winder serves to enable the heat to be dissipated, thus preventing overheating, and also enables the hair held pressed on the rod to be partly exposed so that moisture, compound or oil can be applied thereto while it is under treatment.

The winder may be made in one more p arts hinged or otherwise attached together and adapted to be moved apart or closed together enabling them to encircle the rod or the like,

and in all preferred forms comprise a hollow chamber or chambers for the reception of the heating medium. This heating medium may be steam or hot water or other liquid, and the chamber or chambers of the winder may be included in a circulation for such fluid. In other cases however the hollow chamber or chambers have an electric heating element or elements as c escribed, the element or elements being included in a desired circuit or circuits.

In some cases the warm or other winder may be held from rotation and a part of the rod or the like may be rotated within the warm winder, the effect being precisely the same as that previously described.

In adidtion to the warm or other winder rotating relatively to the rod or the like upon which the hair is to be coiled, in some cases a means for carrying a chemical or compound preferably in the form of a shaped sachet may be employed. This chemical is thus ready for use when the strand of hair has been coiled on the rod to a cesired extent and can be rendered operative by the heat treatment, by the addition thereto of water or other liquid or by a combination of such means. The sachet may be shaped to fit into a suitable shaped chamber which may partly encircle the strand of hair-and the interior chamber may have perforated, slotted or other walls facilitating access of the material to the hair. 7 I

By applying heat to the hair at the same time as it is coiled on the rod or the like and preferably subjected to pressure, it is pointed out that the hair swells immediately and becomes soft, thus enabling it readily to be coiled and bringing it in a condition responsive to the coiling and pressure'treat-ment, and set up initial pressureby the swelling. During the continuance of the heating the hair dries and contracts and thus readily absorbs the treatin liquid or compound and is ready to take a permanent set.

In use, it will be realized that the winder and compression producing rod on which the strand of hair is coiled may be employed for treating strands of hair which have not been already subjected to permanent waving treatment, and in this case the whole ofthe strand extending from scalp to the free end may be wound on the rod. In other cases where the strand of hair has been permanently waved, and where since such permanent waving the hair has grown, the portion of the hair between the scalp and the end of the waved portion, which has not previously been treated, may with the device constructed according to the invention be treated, as when, in coiling the strand on the rod, at least that portion of the strand commencing at the scalp, when the portion that has already been waved reaches the slot in the warm winder, no further portion of the strand is wound upon the rod. The portion of the strand already on the rod is treated and the portion of the strand left out does not come to any harm or is not injured in any way as the temperature is low and consequently this projecting portion of the strand is not liable to become damaged or burnt.

In some cases in place of the device illustrated for holding the lower pressure plate in position, other means may be adopted, for example the rod on which the hair is coiled may be made in the manner of a split pin and have a small eye at the lower end adapted to take a pin for preventing the removal of the pressure plate threaded on to the end of the re d. A gain, other means than that illustrated may be used, in some cases, for holding the strand of hair temporarily during the first portion of the winding.

The invention is not limited to the various constructional embodiments or modifications described as many variations may be made coming within the scope of the claims.

What I claim and desire to secure by Let ters Patent of the United States of America is 1. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod on which the hair is adapted to be coiled, means on the rod against which one end of the coil of hair on the rod is adapted to take, other means on the rod adapted to take against the other end of th said coil of hair, and means for causing the two last mentioned means to subject the coil of hair on the.

rod to pressure in a' direction parallel to the axis of the rod, for the purposes set forth.-

2. Devices for waving and curling hair.

comprising a rod, a pressure plate detaehably secured to one end of the rod, and another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a suitable resisting medium in order to hold the hair coiled on the rod between the plates under pressure.

3. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachaloly secured to one end of the rod, means associated with the said pressure plate to hold a strand of hair during the preliminary winding on the rod, and another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a suitable re-.

sisting medium in order to hold the hair coiled on the rod between the two plates under pressure.

t. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachably secured to one end of the rod, means associated with the said pressure plate to hold a strand of hair during the preliminary winding on tee rod, another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod, and spring means associated with the second mentioned pressure plate and adapted to grip with a tight frictional grip the rod, in order to hold the hair coiled on the rod between the two plates under pressure, and to move against the frictional grip by the coiling of the hair on the rod.

' 5. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachahly secured to one end of the rod, another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a. suitable resisting medium, a winder associated with the rod and adapted to e11- circle it to a desired extent, and means for rotating the said winder with respect to the rod, all for the purposes set forth.

6. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachably secured to one end of the rod, another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a suitable resisting medium, a winder associated with the rod and adapted to encircle it to a. desired extent, means for rotating the said winder with respect to the rod, and heating means associated with the winder, all for the purposes set forth.

7. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate .detachably secured to one end of the rod, another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a suitable resisting medium, a winder comprising a hollow body associated with the rod and adapted to encircle it to a desired extent, heating means located in the hollowv located in the hollow body of the winden'and means for rotating the winder with respect to the rod all for the purposes set forth.

' 9. Devices for waving and curling hair comp-rising a rod, a pressure platedetachably secured to one end of the rod, another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a suitable resisting medium, a winder associated with the rod and adapted to encircle it to a desired extent, means for rotating the winder with respect to the rod, heating means associated with the winder, and a slot extending along the side of the winder, all for the purposes set forth.

10. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachably secured to one end of the rod, another pres sure plate adapted to move axially on the rod, a winder formed by a sleeve associated with the rod and adapted to encircle it to a desired extent, spring means associated with the second mentioned pressure plate adapted to come into frictional gripping contact with the interior of the winder sleeve, means for rotating the winder with respect to the rod, and heating means associated with the winder, all for the purposes set forth.

11. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachably secured to one end of the rod, another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod, a winder formed by a sleeve associated with the rod and adapted to encircle it to a desired extent, spring means associated with the second mentioned pressure plate adapted to come into frictional gripping contact with the interior of the winder sleeve, means for releasing the frictional grip of the sleeve, means for rotating the winder upon and with respect to the rod, and heating means associated with the winder, all for the purposes set forth.

12. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachably secured to one end of the rod, a circular groove or recess on the, inner surface of the with the rod and adapted to encircle it to. a desired extent so that the lower end of the sleeve enters the circular groove in the first mentioned pressure plate, spring means associated with the second mentioned pressure plate adapted to come into frictional gripping contact with the interior of the winder sleeve, means for rotating the winder sleeve with respect to the rod, and heating means associated with the winder, all for the purposes set forth.

13. Devices for waving and curling hair comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachably secured to one end of the rod, another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a suitable resisting medium, a sleeve-like winder associated with the rod and adapted to encircle it to a desired extent, means for rotating the winder with respect to the rod, heating means associated with the winder, a slot extending along the side of the winder, and a hook-like tongue attached to the second mentioned pressure plate adapted to project through the slot in the winder to form a guide for the strand of hair, all for the purposes set forth.

14. Devices for waving and curling hair 0 comprising a rod, a pressure plate detachably secured to one end of the rod,another pressure plate adapted to move axially on the rod against a suitable resisting medium, a winder associated with the rod and adapted to encircle it to a desired extent, means for rotating the winder with respect to the rod, heating means associated with the winder, a slot extending along the side of the winder, a hook-like tongue attached to the second mentioned pressure plate adapted to extend through the slot in the winder to form'a guide for the strand of hair, and a bevel on the underside of the second mentioned pres sure plate adjacent its junction with the tongue, all for thepurposes set forth.

In witness whereof I aflix my signature.

ALEXANDER CRAIG.

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