US1690933A - Apparatus for distilling solid combustible carbonaceous material - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 6,1928. 1,690,933

o. HUBMANN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING SOLID` GIOMBUSTBLE CARBONCEOUS MATERIAL Filed oct. s, 1925 2 sheets-sheet 3 25 ratus embodying the invention; and

Patented Nov. l6, 1928.

UNITED s'ixarssI PATENT] -oFFlCI-I.

APPARATUS ron. DIsrILLING sonID CQMBUSTIBLE cAnBoNAcaoU's MATERIAL;

Application `filed. October 8, 1925, Serial No. 61,342, and in" Germany November 4, 1924.'

This invention relates to the vdistillation of combustible solid'carbonaceous, such as coal, lignite, brown coal, oil shale, peat and' wood material at relatively low temperatures.

It is the general ob'ect of the invention vto provide ap aratus o the class referred to which comb with high economy in operation. A

For a full understanding of the principles of operation on which the invention is based and the advantages resulting therefrom, reference is made to the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a central sectional view onthe line 1-1 of Fig. 3 through an apparatus embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 2--2 Of'Fig; 1, through a part of the a/pparatus;

Fig 3 is a more or less diagrammatic plan view, partly in sectionon the line 3--3 of Fig.' 1, of a special yform of apparatus generally similar to the'` form shown in Fig. 1;

\Fig.'4 yis a sectional view on the line i- 4:

of Fig. 5 similar to Fig. 1 of another app-a- Fig. 5 is a section therethrough taken onY the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Heretofore 'in distillation apparatus and the like, 'the distillation chamber and the' 39 combustion chamber for bringing the distilling medium to the required temperature were commonly disposed separately and detached from one another. In contradistinction to that, the present invention has as a' :i5 characteristic feature a direct contact between the-distillation chamber or chambers and thecombustion chamber or chambers. Thus, as shown in Fig. 1, the shaft-like distilling chambers 1 and the furnace 2 areV y40 in thermal contact with one another through a common wall of refractory material. How,- ever, in order to prevent an excessive trans- 'mission of heat fromlthefurnace 2 to the distilling chambers 1,A there are provided in the common wall between the furnace 2 and l` the chambers 1 interspaces 9, the outside ines simplicity of construction The disauin medium gasses through the intake Sinto t e interspaceso 9,'thenN downwardly through the same and through as-l sages 11 into the gas spaces 3 from whi it passes up through the material to be distilled and 1s wlthdrawn together with the gaseous products of distillation by exhaust devices The exhaust devices 7 a-re interconnected `with the intake 8 and-a conduit 12 leading to the burner 13 or through the branch conduit 12b to a storage not shown.

The material to be distilled enters through the intake 5 andpasses out of the chamberv at the bottom wherel it ma. be continuously or intermittently remove. 2 The distilling gas is continuously circulated through distilling chambers as mentioned, its distilling by distillation iscarried off through the conduit 12 tothe burner 13 to be utilized as fuel in the combustion chamber 6.

The distillin gas leaving at the top of the distilling cham ers and returning to the gas spaces 3 is relativelycool as it enters through the inlets 8 into the gas space above the furnace 2 and is thus preliminarily heated by contact., withthe furnace wall, and also as it passes through the interspaces 9 a heat exchange between the walls thereof and the gas causes a rise of tem erature in the latter.

4The hot gas coming rom the combustion chamber 6 then determines the final temperature ofthe .gas as it enters into the gas spaces 3.

The heatexchange between the walls of the interspaces 9 and the gas coming from inlet 8 is very important in that it not only takes part in the control of the temperatureV of the gas, but, what is even more important, l effects a .corresponding abstraction of heat v,

from the walls of thefurnace, and ythereby prevents excessive transmissionof heat to the material in the distilling chamber in contactr4 with the inside wall thereof. Thus the heat p ordinarily dissipated throu h .the furnace walls is saved and made use ul without dan- Another materiaf advantage is the from direct contactwith thevhot pliica'tionlof the construction itself. As the result of the particular structural relationship between the distilling chamber and the furnace, the space occupied by the unit is`V reduced to a minimum. I-Ieat. insulation ordinarily necessary or desirable is'obviated. Connecting conduits and heat insulation4 therefor are no longer necessary.

Another advantage of the -arrangement is the'. possibility of ousing coal dust as combustible materialin the furnace without danger to theY walls thereof or heat loss by radiation. It is understood that the use of gaseous roductsof distillation for combustion in the urnace is referred to primarily for the purpose of illustration. The heat of combustion may be produced in many other ways. As indicated in Fig.` 1, a conduit 12a represents an independent supply of fuel to the burner. The burner 13 represents only one form `of combustion device.

It is also understood that the vdistilling chamber 1 may have any desired form and disposition of interior parts wit-hout affecting the nature of the invention.

' Fig. 3 represents a multiple arrangement including for the sake of example six disytillation chambers 1, .three on each side of a furnace construction 2. The furnace itself may be a large furnace including a pluralityof combustion devices, or may be com. posed of a plurality of furnace chambers.

Although I consider a construction such as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, where distilling chambers are disposed on opposite sides of a furnace, as a preferred embodiment of the invention, a construction accord'- ing tothe invention may include tdistilling chambers on more than two sides, and also on only one side. v

The arrangement shown in Figs. 4 andv includes furnace 2 and two vessels 1, the up- `per portions of which are used as distilling chambers 21, while the lower portions serve as cooling chambers 14..

Near the bottom of each vessel 1 is an inlet 15 through which anoxygen-free gas is passed into a gas space or passage 16. The gas. then passes upwardly through the hot solid residue of distillation to gas Spaces or passages 17, which communicate through openings 18 with the chamber 9, and iiows- `the second passage.

into and up through chambers 9 and then through openings 20 into the gas space or passage 3 from where it flows upwardly through the material to be distilled.

Hot gases of combustion flow from the combustion chamber 6 through openings 19 into the chambers 9 and mingle with the distilling gas as previously described.

In this case the as while passing through the. solid residue absorbs heat therefrom and is thus preheated to a certainl point. The contact with the walls of the chamber 9 increases the temperature, and the hot gases from the furnace chamber bring the temperayture of the gas to the nal required degree.

rIhe furnace heat may be provided by Aa burner 23 or any desired source of heat.

The gaseous products of distillation may be Withdrawn through conduits 22, then de'- tarred in any suitabtlemanner and then returned to the inlet 15,

The apparatus may be readily modified for drying materials or a combined drying and distilling operation.`

I claim: v v

1. An apparatus for distilling solid Combustible carbonaceous material which comprises a shaft-like heating chamber for containing said solid material, a conduit. eX- tending into said chamber provided' with means for introducing hot gases into Said material, a furnace, a`wall common to said heating chamber and said furnace `having an interspace formed therein and ports leading fromthe furnace tothe interspace and from the interspace into said passage, and an additional port opening intosaid interspacle and connected to the heating chamber, and, means for introducing gas from the heating chamber into said interspace through said additional port. t

2. 'An apparatus as claimed in vclaim 1,

in which the additional port is connected to I' a second passagewin the lower and cooler ortion of said heating chamber and means or'introducing as into said heating chamber beneath said second passage, Zvgl'reby said gas passes through the material d into In testimony` whereof, I

ture.

o'rfro HUBMANN.

aix my signa-

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