US1674610A - Power installation - Google Patents

Description

June 19, 1928. 1,674,610

A. PFAU POWER INSTALLATION Original Filed Sept. 24, 1924 Patented June 19, 1-928.

UNITED STATES WARE.

PATENT OFFICE.

ARNOLD PI AU, OI MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR 'IO ALLIS-CHALKERS MANU- IAC'IUBING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF DELA- POWEB INSTALLATION.

Original application filed September 24,1924, Serial 10. 739,476, and in Canada September 28, 1924.

Divided and this application d-led July 20, 1925. Serial llo. 44,708.

This invention relates in general to power installations and it has particular relation to h dro-electric power installations where the ydraulic machine is o erative under or against a widely varying ead.

Turbines of hydraulic power plants which are subject to a highly variable head such, for instance, as certain streams or the high and low tide of the ocean, suffer a considerable loss in the power developed. This is particularly the case with ve low heads where even a slight change 1n the head amounts to quite a considerable portion of the full normal head. For instance, if the normal net head is 4.5 meters, the highest head 6 meters, and the lowest head two metare, the total average amounts to 4 meters or 88.8% of the normal head.

It is well known that the number of revolutions or speed of a turbine varies with the s uare root of the net head. For instance, i? the revolutions are 100 per minute on the 16 meters head, it is 100 divided by i, or about 71 revolutions under 8 meters, and it is 100 divided by J4 or 50 revolutions, that is, half of the former amount when the head has dropped to of the maximum head.

If the turbine is directly connected to an alternating current generator, it should al ways operate at the same number of revolutions, otherwise the number of'periods or frequency of the current would change, and

this would render parallel operation with other generators impossible. Therefore, if. a turbine were normally designed for 100 revolutions under '16 meters net head, it would have to develop under'4 meters head,

. not revolutions, but twice as much, that is, 100- revolutions, in order to produce current of the-proper number of periods of freque'ncy., A turbine operating at a speed whichis' 100 per cent higher than normal,

however, shows, such unfavorable hydraulic elliciencics that 'it becomes uncommercial to still use a turbine for such operating con;

tained normal by using in steps belt drives or similar devices with proper transmlssion rat1os. This arrangement, however, is im- -possible Where large units are used and par ticularly when the turbine and generator are directly coupled, which is the most favorable mechanical solution.

The power developed by the turbine is even more sensitively affected by a change in the net head; first, on account of the head itself, second, on account of the discharge capacity .It is well known that Q1=Q2 1/ 1'=1/ z where Q,,=quantity of water under the head H 'Q,=quantity of water under the head H HP,=power at head H HP power at head H The capacity or power of the turbine, however, is also subjected to a variation in the efficiency of the turbine, -and this deviates more from the best value asv the number of revolutions or speed is greater or less than the normal speed I Therefore, if the power or capacity, for instance, under 16 meters net head, is 4000 H. P., then it is, according to the above'formulae, only 500 H. P. under 4 meters, and this does not as yet' consider the loss of power due to reduced efiiciency. Now, if the turbine must maintain its .100 revolutions, it would have to run twice as fast as is necessary in order to maintain its, normal .efiiciency. Therefore, the efliciency will drop to such extent that nothing will be left of the 500 P. Inother words, the turbine will-produce; no wer and, therefore, re resents a dead capital investment.

or medium or high variable heads or, in general, for conditions which permit of the use of, horizontal shaft units, the problem of the economical utilization of head can .be

solved by arranging the hydraulic parts in two separate hydraulic e ements, one located on each side of the generator. The

Francis turbine which applicant has disclosed in United States Patent No. 1,023,585,

- dated April 16, 1912, and which is a double overhung Francis turbine, can be employed Y in such a manner that one side utilizes thehigh head and the opposite side utilizes the low head. In this case, the absolute num ber ofrevolutions of the two turbine sides are naturally the same, whereas the individual capacities ofthe turbines are selected employed, not two different turbines, but

cerned with rather two different dynamo-electric machines, such as generators, or a single machine having, characteristics such as are ordinarily' possessed by two separate machines.

The present application 1s a continuation in part of applicants copending application Ser. No; 498,720, filed Sept. 6, 1921, the claims of the latter application being conelectric insta lation, and the present application is a division of applicants copending application SenNo. 7 39,47 6, filed September 24, 1925, the present application being more directly concerned with the re ulated control of a hydraulic power installation broadly.

As a feature of this invention, there is disclosed a special speed governor arrangemerit, the ap aratus being adapted to regulate the turbme so as to maintain the speed thereof constant at a plurality of different selected values required to insure the. ro-

/ duction of electrical energy of the desired constant frequency when the dynamo-electric machine unit is operating as a generator.

' As a further. feature, the control of the hydro-electric system, as to the-necessary changesor o erations to accommodate for difference in t ehead onthe turbine or other variable characteristic, is rendered automatic in response to an operating condition, such .as a change in effective head or pressure on the hydraulic turbine.

It is an object of this invention to provide the above described and other related improvements in hydraulic power systems, all as willbe apparent from the drawingsand description relative thereto, disclosing an embodiment of this invention, and as will be -more particularly apparent from the claims herein. A

In the accom anying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a iagrammatic showing of a hydro-electric system embodying features of this invention, parts of the hydro-electric installation being shown in section.

Fig. 2 is a schematic showing of a feature of operation of the speed controlling governor forming part of the system of Fig. 1.

neral features of the hydro- In iaccordance with the disclosure of the drawings, the turbine A'is directly coupled with the electric generator unit B, made up of the generator elements B, and B and the exciter C. All rotating parts of this unit are carried on the thrust bearing D. The turbine may be automaticall controlled by a governor acting on the regulating shaft E, as will be described hereinafter.

The generator B consists of a rotor fixed on the main shaftand having two sets of poles B, and B soarranged that the set B, produces the required number of periods or frequency p at a speed it and a number of poles w, and the other set B produces the same number of periods p at a speed n and m poles. Similarly, two separate stator elements S, and S are provided, corre B,,, respectively, the field element B, and and the stator S, constituting the generator B, and the field element 13 and its stator S constituting the generator B,,. The exciter C is so dimensioned that it furnishes current for either one of the two alternator sets. 7

The generator B, is connected, through a circuit 4 and a switch 5, when in its upper closed osition, to a circuit 6; and the generator b is connected through a circuit 7 and the switch 5, when in its lower closed position, to the circuit 6. The circuit 6 is connected, permanently or through a circuit opening switch, to the line circuit 8. The switch 5 is preferably biased to a neutral open position, as b a spring 9,.and is positively actuated to 0th its upper and lower closed positions in a manner as will be described hereinafter, so as to connect the generators B,-and B,,, respectively, to the'line circuit 8.

Let us now assume that the turbine is to utilize any head between the limits H and .of the turbine is so selected that the desired uniform frequency 2 is obtained with the corresponding even number of poles. instance, if the best speed of the turbine for head it be 150 and for head It be 120, the pole set B, has 40 poles and the other pole set B has 50'poles, if current of a fre uency of 50 cycles per second is required.

nder the low head It, the turbine naturally develops less power at full gate than it does under the high head h, therefore, generator B, can be designed for a c0rrespondingly smaller capacity in order to operate at best efliciency.

The speed of the whole unit ABCD For can be held within desirable limits by an automatic governor ,of known construction.

- If the governor is driven mechanically, that is, if it is driven from the main shaft directly, then two 'transmissions must be pro- \jided, corresponding to the two difie'rent eeds n and-n of the turbine, for instance r controlling the two speeds n and n can be seen from Figures 1 and 2 and can be accomplished in the manner described hereinbelow.

The drawing shows schematically a servo- I motor M of well known construction, such enings of turbines. The regu brought back This is attained by the relay R and the ide-vane 0 ating valve receives fluid pressure, as indicated at K, and admits same, according to the position ofthe regulating valve piston V,, either to a passage K, communicating with the front side of the regulating piston M of the servoas is used for controlling the motor M, or to a passage K communicating with the rear side of the regulating piston M,. The desired actuation of the turbine uide vanes or other controlling means for t e turbine A is transmitted from the regulating ,piston M, of the servo-motor any suitable well-known manner. For convenience, a rod may be provided at the rear side of the piston and passing through a sealed aperture in the rear end wall of the cylinder, this rod being connected through a rod or link M to an operating arm E, on the regulatiag shaft E. i

The motion of the regulating piston M, g

is transmitted to a relay R; A s ed overnor P receivesits revolutions t roug a drive T from the turbine shaft and transmits the motion of the shifting collar or stud of the governor to the floating lever VPR. As soon as the regulating valve piston V, is raised out of its mid position, fluid pressure K reaches the front side K, of the regulating piston M,, moving the latter until the regulating valve piston V, is to its former mid position.

floating lever R-P-V in such a way that the forward motion of the regulating piston M, produces an upward motion of the end B otthe-floating lever, causing the regulating valve piston V, to be lowered after it had first been raised by the speed governor.

Thecorresponding strokes of the collar of the speed governor P 'produce'strokes f and f on the relay in the following proportion:

where f and f are strokes of the relay R corresponding to strokes a and 8, respectively, of the collar of thespeed governor P, and (P--V) is 'the'length of that portion of the floating lever between the speed gov- M in the part strokes of the collar of the or of corresponding relay strokes,

' that the speeds n and a corresponding ernor P and the regulating valve V, and (R-V) is the total length of the floating lever between the relay R and the regulating valve V.

To each position of the collar therecorreggn;

speed variation of the speed governor; and the values arm; ,1 v v and where d is the degree of speed variation be-- se is conventionally termed the total degree of,

tween speeds n, and 11,, or corresponding positions of the governorcollar, and (Z is the,

degree of variation between speeds n, and

n,, or corresponding positions of the governor collar.

These values d and (1 then indicate the corresponding degrees of speed variation of overnor', M f and f. With reference to the function of the servmmotor M, f' and f are generally termed active strokes, of the'speed governor, that is, the strokenecessaryfor pro-,

ducing the total stroke of the regulating piston M p By shifting the hand wheel R, along the relay rod R, in upward or downward di rection, these active relay strokes f and f can be distributed at will over the whole a From this, it follows n, or the mid positions active strokes of the stroke E, Figure 2.

of the corresponding speed governor,

m and n and this consequently controlsthe,

corresponding speeds of the turbine.

If the total stroke of the collar of the speed governor is selected large, as also the difierence in the speeds m and n that is, the corresponding degree .of variation of the speeds governor is e I do? v p then it is possible to control by the same governor for the speeds n and n of the turspeed as'indicated in Figure are such that these corresponding mid poslfrom'formula (1) we obtain bine A pertaining to the two generator units B. and E According to the selected s1- tion of the hand wheel R we can, t erefore, regulate around the mid position of the relay.

For example Assume that d.,=%, d=d=6%, n=150, and n"=120= then I I v and from formula (3), we obtain n,'.=154.5, and n =145.5

from formula (2), we obtain n,'=123.6, and n', =1 1e.4

n 162, and n 108' The spaces 1, 2, 3 and 4, indicated in Figure 2, therefore, correspond to differences in' numbers of revolutions of 7 .5, 10.5, 11.4, and

8.4, respectively, and therefore still permit a substantial variation of both regions of 2.5 .dJIGC-tlOll.

speed a and'n' in upward and downward With this. arrangement, therefore, we can at both operating speeds n can be controlled with the same on the rewheel R beingthe specific means shown for securing the desired result.

' The springs of the governor are of such strength as to produce the desired governing effect through a wide active range, to there byobtain a regulating effect that produces a plurality of constant-speeds of the turbine,

'. these speeds correspon f oeives the current directly ieither'from genbee ing to different settings. of the adjusting wheel R, on the rod R This desired regulation is such that the full stroke of the regulating or compensatingmechanism, such as the valve V of the servo-motor, corresponding to the full stroke f, f in either direction from such normal speeds, corresponds toonly partial stroke of t e governor fly ball device, the effect bein such as to produce constant speed independently of a variation in the load of the turbine between substantially. no load and the desired limit of overload; and further, this desired regulation to produce constant speed at variable load is obtainable for any one ifwidely variant operating speeds, such as night correspond to operation of the turuine under conditions of variable head.

Another method of controlling the two speeds n and n' is possible by employing a meet drive of the speed governor by means of an electric synchronous motor which re- .desired change in 'erator B with a number of periods or directly from generator B, with the same number of periods p; or this synchronous turbine A and the generator elements B B,,

of such a'unit could be so built that A acts as a turbine, first rotating in a given direction and delivering electrical energy with one of the two generators B. or B transforming such energy, under the speed it or n, respectively into electric energy of the constant nuinber of eriods of frequency 12, or that the turbine X rotates in a direction opposite to the former and operates as a pump absorbin energy which is furnished by the motors ,B formerl operating as generators, the energy supplie to the motors being at the common frequency but the motors operatin at the difierentspeeds n and n, respective y. t

In certain installations where the variation in head occurs relatively often or at a relatively rapid rate, it may be desirable that the adjusting wheel R, vbe automatically 'shiftable to-its several positions on the rod R corresponding to the several desired operating s eeds. This desired operation of the end of the lever VP-R may be secured by means of electro-magnets' or a motor, preferably a reversible one,

shift the position of the'adjustingjwheel as the head on the turbine varies or passes predetermined limiting values. One desirable method of securing the desired result might be to provide floats in the head water and tail water with such a mechanical or elecacting to.

trical connection 'therebetween as would g produce a resultant difl'erential movement corresponding to the difference in level between head water and tail water,-this differentially movable element being operable to close contacts of a reversible motor as the difference in level reaches predetermined values corresponding to the average net head for the different operating speeds. There may be provided'an automatic cutout or other device that renders the motor inoperative when the adjusting wheel R has been shifted to the desired position and the connections between the consumption circuit and the generators has u made. 7

'guided' and passing over 1 jack shafts 14, 15, respectively, of a mechanical difi'erential, the floats 12 and 13,-

The particular embodiment of this feature of automatic control selected for specific illustration and description herein includes the provision ofa float 12 in the head water of the turbine and a float 13 inthe,- tail water of the turbine with flexible cords or chains connected to each of these floats andsuit-ably 13, and hence, the net effective headon theturbine The segment 21 carriesan operating arm 23 havin a loose connection with the movable switch arm 24, preferably of the spring, snapoperated type, which in its lower position closes the circuit through contact 25, as in dicated, and inits upper position is adapted to close a circuit through contact 26.. The

circuits through the switch 24 and the{ contacts 25 and 26 are supplied from a direct current supply line 27 \Vhen the switch 24 is in the position indicated,- a' circuit is closed' through the contact 25and' an'ener- ,gizing winding 28 of an electro-magnetically actuated switch 29, and through an energizing winding 30 of aswitcht'o be'des'cribed V hereinafter. Whenv thefswitch 24 is in the position 26, it closes a; circuit through an izing winding 31 of an electro-magyac't'uated switch 32 and also through nergizing' winding 34 of an electromag'netica-lly o erated switch to be described hereinafter.

energizing :windin 37 of an operatin electro-magnet for t e switch 5; and a switc 39, manually or automatically operated,1n

. connection with the switch ;32 controls an energizing winding 38 of'a second operating electro-magnet for the switch 5. The movable switch arms 36 and39 are providedwith stops for-cooperation with-latches orhooks 40 mounted on the "stems of or otherwise -mechanically associated-with the switches 29 and 32, 'so" as to provide for the positiveactuation of the switch 36 to open position when the switch 29 is moved to open position and for similar actuation to'open position of the switch 39, when the switch 32 is moved to open position A movable bridging switch-member 41 is When thehydraulic turb' connected-to the movable part ofthe electro 19 or the indicating needleswitch 36, either manuall I or automaticaly operated, in connection wit the switch 29, controls a circuit through the magnet energized by 'thewinding so to rovide for actuation of this switch memer 'b the electro-ma' net, thisswitch mem l ber c osing a circuit t rough the contacts 42 in one operative position, and through the contacts 43 in another operative position, A

second movable bridging switch member-45 is mechanically associated with the-electro--= magnet energized by the winding- 34'and is 76 switch contacts 46 in one operative-positionand to close a circuit through the' 'contacts 47- I operative 'to close a -circu-it throughthe in another operative position; 114s indicated,-

the operating stemsor rods of the "elctro fz magnetically actuated switches 41and45are mechanically connected so as "to -providefor' 1 46, when the device is in one operativepos tion, and the switch'41closingthe circuit through contacts 43 and 'theswitch 45 closs simultaneous -operation,-the switch=1411clos-: ing a circuit through 'con'tact'sj 42 and"the-' switch 45 closing a circuitthrough contacts ing a circuit through contacts- 47 when thew I device is in the second operative"position;

The contacts 42, 43, 46 and- 47 are located in V the supply circuit of a m otor "51' andpro- 'vide for forward and reverse'operation of i this motor} "A pinion 52' isprovided on" the motorshaft,the same bein engageable with a gear 53 attached to the a justing wheel R on the" relayrod R In the motor circuit""' through the switch 42, is located a switch 56 biased to closed position and operable to.

open position by an electro-magnethaving a an energizing w1nding'57; and inthe motor circuit through contacts 43, there is disposed a switch 58 biased to closed position andoperable" toopen position by an electro-,- magnet havi'ngan energizing winding-159'.

The circuit of the energizing winding 57 is completed through aswitch element 61, and

a switch element 62; and the I energizing winding 59 is completed through a switch 63 and a switch 64.

A portion of the adjusting wheel R is} provided' with a projection or. flange- 67 adapted to actuate the switches 61 and 63m.

closed position, these switches being assumed to be biased to open position. However, this operating means may include a loose connection or portion betwen the element 67 and the several switches, which insurespositive operation of these switches to both-open and dosed position; and these switches 61' and 63 maybe. of the snap-operated type.

iThe' preferable means for connecting the end I of the lever V--P- -R to the adjusting wheel R, includes a" sleeve 68 held between flan s on the-rotatable adjusting'wheel proper, t is sleeve being held. against rotation in anysui'table manner and having the end of the.

lever connected tothi's non-rotatable sleeve.

Theswi-tch-actuati'ng projection 67,..is pref erably mounted on the sleeve 68};

is operat position through energization o the wind- 'ing under itahi wheel R thes vvitdh 61 in closed osition and the fulcrum of the lever V- -R at-the her head H, the ad'usting is in t e position indicate with ing 37 of its operating electro-ma'gnet. The

' speed of the unit is re lated under conitions of variable 10 by the overnor P andits servo-motor acting upon t e guide vanes of the turbine.

As the net effective head on the turbine A drops to a predetermined point, the indicating needle 21 is shifted; and as it reaches a redetermined head indication, the switch 24 "1s shifted to open the circuit through the contact 25 and to close the circuit through the contact 26. Opening of the circuit through the contact 25 causes de-energiza- 30.

tion of the windings 28 and 30, with a consequent'opening of the switches. 29 and 36 and 'conse uent de-energization of the winding 37 an shifting of the switch 5 to its neutral open position. Opening of the switch 29 causes opening of the switch 62 and closure of the switch 64, because of the mechanical connection between the Switch 29 and the other two switches; Closure of the circuit contact 26 causes ener ization of the wind ing' 31 and closure 0 the switch 32, and energization of the winding 34, with consequent openin of the circuit through contacts 42-and 46 an closure of the circuit throu h the contacts 43 and 47, thus completing t e operatin circuit of the motor 51, through the switc 58.

- Operation of the motor 51' causes shifting 5 of the-adjusting wheel R which carries the ivotal su port. for one end of the lever -P'R dbwn along the relay rod R the operating element 67 permitting opening of the switch 61 with consequent de-energization of the winding 57 and closure of the switch 56, and this element 67 finally causes closure of the switch 63, thus completing the circuit through the energizing-winding 59 andcausing opening of the switch 58 in the motor circuit, with consequent stoppa of the motor 51. It will be apparent t at asuitable braking device may be, supplied to cause actual stoppage of the motor within --any desired or predetermined interval.

With-the adjusting wheel Rgwin its new position corresponding to the lower speed at which it is desired to maintain the turbine oint to A, the switch 39 may be closed manually, or automatically through the circuit which is completed by closure of the switch 63, closure of the latter switch and consequent opening of the switch 58 causing de-energization of the winding 7 5- of an electromagnet whose core is biased, as by' gravity, to a lower position and has a projection 76 which on downward movement of the core, due to de-energization of the magnet, co-

.operates with a suitably formed portion of the switch 39 and forces the latter, as through impact thereon, into closed position. Since the switch 32 is closed at this time, there is no interference from the latter in the closing of the switch 39. The dimensions and design of the electro-magnets associated with the switches 32 and 39 are such that opening of the switch 32 is efiective to cause opening of the switch 39 against any norma bias of the core of the electromagnet having the energizing winding 75, Closure of the switch 39 energizes the winding 38 thus causing actuation of the switch 5 to its lower operative position wherein it connects the generator 13,, to the supply line 8. Under ordinary conditions, the turbine A will probably have assumed its new operating speed during shiftin of the adjusting wheel R This new spec of the turbine is maintained by the governor P, with the new setting of the adjusting wheel R and the servo-motor operating upon the guide vanes of the turbine.

It will be apparent that during the further operation of the installation, as the head on the turbine increases again to the upper predetermined value, the switch 24 will be again shifted to open the circuit through the contact 26 and close the circuit through the contact 25, this action causing operation of the various switches to the positionsindicated in the drawing, and the adjustin wheel R to its upper position, as indicate wherein the overnor is again effective to maintain the igher operating speed of the turbine.

With this arrangement for thus varying features of the operation of the turbine, such as the speed and, hence, the amount of water used, as may be required or determined by variations in the available su ly of water at the turbine inlet, the availahi ply is economically and efliciently used; and the ca ital investment involved in the installation is made to pay an increased return.

While the hydro-electric unit described above finds great utility when connected with a distribution circuit whose frequency is definitely established by means other than .said unit, nevertheless, it finds considerable utility whenit is the only power unit connected to or establishing the frequency of the distribution circuit, for through the It should be understood hat the invention claimed is not limited to the exact details of construction and design or the embodiment or use shown or described herein, for

various modifications and other embodiments and uses of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a hydraulic turbine installation, a hydraulic turbine subject to operation under varying conditions related to the motive fluid supply, and means including a governor automatically controlled in response to conditions related to said motive fluid supply and adapted to maintain a plurality of controlled conditions of operation of said machine during said variations in said supply conditions.

2. In a hydraulic turbine installation, a hydraulic turbine subject to operation under widely varying fluid heads, andgoverning means including instrumentalities respon-.

sive to a condition attendant upon the operation of said unitrfor insuring operation of said unit at a lurality of' controlled speeds throughout sald range of variation of said head.

3. In a hydraulic turbine installation, a hydraulic turbine subject to operation under a widely varying range of head a servomotor for controlling admission of fluid to said turbine, a speed governor associatedv with said turbine and with said servo-motor, and automaticall controlled and adjustable means associated with said governor for causing said servo-motor to maintain a plurality of substantially constant speeds of said turbine throughout substantially the entire range of variation of said head.

4. In a power system, a prime mover, means for regulating the admission of operating fluid to said prime mover, means for controlling said regulating means to insure operation of said prime mover at a predetermined speed under normal running conditions, and means automatically responsive to a characteristic of the energy'ava'ilable for conversion b said prime mover for causing said contro lin means to insure controlled-operation 0 said prime mover at a speed other than saidpredetermined speed.

5. In a power system, a prime mover,

means for regulating the admission of operating fluid to said prime mover, speed responsive means .for controlling said regulating means to insure o ration of said rime and mover at a substantia 1y constant s remote controlled means for modifying the means comprising actuating instrumentalities operativelyresponsive to a characterby said: rime mover.

6. A prising a h draulic turbine, means for governing sai turbine to insure its normal speed-controlled operation for power-supplying purposes, and means res onsive to a characteristic of'the supply 0 motive fluid .istic ofthe energy available for conversion for said turbine for automatically adjust ing an o eratin characteristic of said turbine whi e permitting its operation for power-suppl in purposes.

7. A hydraulic power installation, comprising a hydraulic turbine subject to o eration under conditions of variable head t ereon, and float-controlled means responsive to the available effective head on said turbine for automatically adjusting an operating characteristic of said turbine while permitting its operation for power-supplying purposes.

8. A hydraulic power installation, comprising a h draulic turbine subject to variable availa le supply of water and operable at different speeds,'and means responsive to the effective suppl of water at the inlet of said turbine for a justing the speed of said turbine to-insure operation thereof at a-plurality of controlled speeds.

ydraulic power'lnstallation, com- 9. A hydraulic power unit, comprising a hydraulic turbine operable at ,difl'erent speeds, means for automatically controlling t e speed of said turbine to insure the maintenance of a redetermined' substantially constant speed tliereof, and meansresponsive to an operating characteristic of said turbine for adjusting said speed controlling means to insure operation of said turbine a under other automatically controlled condi-.

tions. 10. A hydraulic power installation, comprising a hydraulic storage of variable available supply, a hydraulic turbine, means for controlling the speed of said turbine, and float-controlled and electromagnetically act-'- uated means responsive to the available supply of water inisaid storage for adjusting said speedcontrolling means.

11., A hydraulic power unit, comprising a hydraulic turbine, means for automatically" governing' said turbine to insure its operavtion at a controlled speed, and means responsive to a condition attendant upon theoperation of said turbine for automatically adjusting said governing means.

12. A hydraulic power insallation, com; if. prising a hydraulic turbine operable at different speeds, means for controlling the speedofsaid turbine, and means including an automatically and remote controlled elec- ,tric motor operatively responsive to varia '-tions in a condition associated with the op-- eration of said turbine for adjusting said controlling means to insure controlled operaiton of said turbine under either one of a plurality of operating conditions.

13. In a hydraulic power installation, a'

hydraulic turbine subject to operation under conditions of variable available head at the turbine inlet,.controlling means for said turbineopcrative to maintain a predetermined speed thereof under conditions'of variable load thereon, and means responsive to the available head at the turbine inlet for caus- 'ing variation in the amount of power con- I vertible by said turbine during operation thereof.

14. A hydroelectric installation comprisa h draulic turbine subject to a variable availab e sup ly of water, and means inde-' pendent of t e load on said turbine and responsive to a characteristic of the available supply of water for said turbine for determinin the maximum power that may be converte by said turbine while permitting its operation for power-supplying purposes.

15. In combination, a hydraulic turbine constructed to operate under a widely varying range of head, a servo-motor for controlling admission of fluid to said turbine, a

speed overnor associated with said turbine .and with said servo-motor and operative to insure the controlled operation of said turbinefor power-supplyingpurposes under a condition of normal operation thereof, and,

means'a utomatically operative in response to-the available head on said turbine for .zcausing said governing means to insure a I diflereiit character of control of said turbine for power-supplying purposes under another condition of normal operation.

'16.- A hydraulic power installation, .comrising a h draulic turbine operable at diferent s s, means comprising a s eed controlled governor including a ivote element for regulating .the supply 0 water to said turbine, and means including a reversible eeds.

17. A h draulio power installation, comprising a ydraulic turbine operable under variable head conditions, a speed controlled governor including a pivoted element for regulating thesupply of water to said turbine, and means operatively responsive to the efiective head on said turbine and slicetive to adjust a fulcrum of said pivoted element of said governor to insure that the lat ter is capable of maintaining different con,

controlled, speeds of operation of said' turbine.

I 18. The method of regulating a prime mover provided with an automatic speed governor having along range of regulating speeds independently off'variation's in'flth'e load on said machine, which comprises limitingthe extent of active regulating motion of said governorjto a plurality of distinct and separate increments of said total range within each of which said governor is effective to maintain a constant speed of said prime mover, and utilizing a predetermined variation in a condition attendant upon the operation of said prime mover to effect a change from one range of regulating motion to anotherwith consequent change from one governed operating speed to another. 19. The method of regulating a hydraulic turbine unit comprising a hydraulic turbine and a speed governor having a long range of regulating motion, which comprises limiting the extent of active regulating motion of said governor to an increment of its range to produce a. predetermined controlled speed of operation of said unit, and limiting the extent of active regulating motion of V said governor to another increment of its range to produce a second controlled speed of operation of said unit, and utilizing a variation in a predetermined condition attendant upon the operation of said turbine for efl'ecting a change from one particular range of regulating motion to another.

20. The method of controlling a hydraulic turbine unit subject to widely varying head to cause the hydraulic turbine to operate at any one of a plurality of substantially constant speeds independentl of variations in. load on said turbine, w ich comprises utilizing the speed governor of wide efi'ective speed range, and compensating for the operating eflect of said governor to cause themaintenance of any one of saidconstant speeds during a relatively small part of the total'range of said governo and utilizing a variation in the head on safe I turbine for producin a change from one to another of said speeds.

21. The method ofcontrolling a hydraulic turbine operable under conditions of variable available supply of water at the turbine inlet, which comprises regulating the turbine so as to produce operation thereof at a controlled speed under conditions of variable load on the turbine, and utilizing a variation in the available supply of water at the turbine inlet for exercising a-controlling effect on the power convertible by said turbine and independently of the load thereon. v 1

22. A hydraulic power installation, comprising a hydraulic turbine subject to avariable available sup ly of water, controlling means for said tur ine operative "to maintain a predetermined speed of said turbine under conditions of variable load thereon, and means responsive to variations in the available supply of water for said turbine for exercising a controllingeifect on said turbine independently of the load thereon.

23. A power installation, comprising a prime mover subject to a variable available supply of operating fluid for conversion thereby, controlling means for said rime mover operative to maintain a 'pre etermined speed under conditions of variable load on said prime mover, and means 0 eratively associated with said contro ing means and responsive to the available supply of operating fluid for said prime mover or causing variation in the amount of power that may be delivered by said prime mover during controlled operation thereof.

24. A h draulic power installation, com prising a ydraulic turbine subject to operation under a widely varyin range of head thereon, and means indepen ent of the load on said turbine and responsive to said headfor increasing the degree to which the efliciency of said turbine is sustained throughout the range of variation in the head to which said turbine is subjected. v

25. A power installation, comprising a prime mover, means for regulating the admission of operating fluid to said prime mover to insure controlled operation of said prime mover under one set of normal running conditions, and means erning said automatically controlled from a distance for modifying the controlling efiect of said first means to insure controlled operation of said prime mover under another set of operating conditions.

26. A power installation, comprising a prime mover, means for automatically gov rime mover to insure its operation at a efinite controlled speed under 'a condition of normal operation, and remote-controlled, electromagnetically actuated instrumentalities operatively associated with said governing means for automatically varying the value of the maximum load that may be carried by saidv prime mover. a

27. In a power system, a prime mover, means for controlling the admission of oper- .ating fluid to said prime mover, means for governing the de e of openin of said admission-controlling means, sai governing means including speed responsive means for maintaining the speed of said prime mover at a predetermined value under a condition ofnormal operation thereof,

'electromagnetically actuated means conmeans on the speed of said primemover.

28. A power installation, comprising a prime mover,'means for controlling the'ad mission of operating fluid to said prime mover, governing means for controlling the degree of opening of said admission-con trolllng means, said governinglmeans 1neluding-means responsive to the speed of said prime mover for maintaining said speed at a predetermined value under one condition ofnorrnal operation of said prime moverfor power-supplying purposes,- motoroperated instrumentalities for modifying the e ect of said governin means while still permitting operation 0 said prime mover, and means disposed at a distant point for controlling said motor.

29. A power installation, comprising a prime mover, means for automatically governing said rime mover to insure its operation at a efinite controlled speed under one condition of normal operation, and

means responsive to a condition attendant upon the operation of said 'prime'mover and operatively associated with said governing means for automatically controllin a characteristic of the operation of sai prime mover without interrupting its operation for power-supplying purposes.

30. In a power system, a prime mover, means for regulating the admission of operating fluid to said prime mover, means for controlling said regulating means to main 'tain the speed of said prime mover at a predetermined value under one condition of normal operation thereof wherein said prime mover supplies energy to said system, and means responsive to a condition concerned with the supply of operating. fluid available for conversion by said rime mover for altering the efie'ct of said controlling means on said regulating means under another condition of operation of said prime mover wherein the latter supplies energy to said stem.

31. a power system, a hydraulic turbine, means for regulating the admission of operating fluid to said turbine, means for controllin said regulating means to .main-' tain a de nite s eed' of said turbine under one condition 0 normal operation thereof, and float-controlled means operativelyassociated with said regulating means and responsive to the available supply of water for said turbine and effective thereby to alter the efiect of said controlling means to thereby cause variation in a characteristlc of the operation of said turbine for powersupplyin prising a ydraulic turbine subLect to operation under conditions of varia 10 available "condition of normal 0 eration for powersupplying purposes, an means responsive to the available head on said turbine for exerting a controlling effect on said turbine whereby its efiieiency of operation is sustained to an increased degree in spite of operation of said turbine under variable heads.

In testimon whereof, the signature of the inventor is a xed hereto.

ARNOLD PFAU.-

Images