US1660658A

US1660658A - Vania

Info

Publication number: US1660658A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1928-02-28
Anticipated expiration: 1945-02-28

Description

Feb. 28,1928. 1,660,658 J. VAN ACKEREN COKING RETORT OVEN Filed Oct. 13, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheetl Feb. 28, 1928. 1,660,658

J. VAN ACKEREN comm RETORT OVEN Filed Oct. 13, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 28, 1928.

J. VAN ACKEREN comm RETORT OVEN Filed Oct. 15. 1922 4 Shegts-Shet 4 ll.. N 7 km &

ZZZ/67257977;

WMMM

Patented Feb. 28, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN, 015 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE KOPPERS COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- VANIA.

GOKING RETORT OVEN.

Application filed October 13, 1922. Serial No. 594,359.

This invention comprehends improvements of general utility in the coking r etort oven art; and also comprehends certain improvements which involve a development of the well-known cross-regenerative coke oven exemplified in the patent to H. Koppers, No. 818,033, dated April 17, 1906.

The invention has for objects the provision of a coking retort oven that is especially designed for the employment'of an extraneously derived special generator gas, such as producer gas, as the heating fuel and hav-.

feature that may be secured by the above mentioned combined recuperative-regenerative system, a fine construction that permits constant flame in all the fines of each heat ing wall of the battery, without any reversal whatever in the direction of flow of the gases through the fines.

In addit'on to the general objects recited above, the invention comprehends a novel regenerative-recuperative construction and system of flow therethrough and through the flues, and has for other objects such other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as are found to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and showing for purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and 1113111163111 which the invention may be embodied and practised, but without limiting the claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a crosswise composite vertical sect-ion through a coke oven battery embodying features above specified and equipped with the improvements of the present invention, the view being taken along the major axes respectively of a coking chamber and a heating wall through a pair of crosswise regenerators beneath the coking chamber, in

tive example.

planes indicated by the lines C-O and DC of Figure 2. t

Figure 2 is a composite vertical section taken longitudinally through the coke oven battery, in planes indicated by the lines A A and 13-13 of Figure 1.

Flgure 3 is a composite vertical section taken crosswise of the battery and through a recuperator in planes indicated by the lines E-E and E--F of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a horizontal section through the recuperators and regenerator distributing channel taken in a plane indicated by the line G-G of Figure 2. I

Figure 5 is a horizontal section through the coking chambers and contiguous heating walls taken in the plane indicated by the line H-H of Figure 2. a I

In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the invention is incorporated in a coke oven. battery having provision for being operated with an extraneously derived relatively lean gas as the fuel, in order to conserve the entire supply of the relatively richer and more valuable coke oven gas derived from the coking of the coal in the retorts or carbonizing chambers of the battery. For convenience, the present description will be confined to the embodiment of the invention in such a gas oven battery; the novel features and improvements of the invention may be appliedtocoke ovens of other types, and, in fact, to the general class of heating structures; consequently, the invention is not confined in scope to the specific use and embodiment herein described asan illustra- Referring to the drawings, there are illustrated views of a coke oven battery or plant of the by-product type, having features above specifiedrsaid oven battery embodies in. its construction a plurality of crosswise

elongated heating walls

11, 11 and a plurality of intermediate crosswise elongated

vertical coking chambers

12, 12. The heating walls 11 form the side Walls of the respective coking chambers 12, as shown more particularly in 2, and, in the present instance, are directly supported, together with the coking chambers, by the heavy supporting walls 13, 13 which extend crosswise of the battery and are located, as shown in Fig.

2, at a lower level than

heating walls

11, 11

and coking

chambers

12, 12. These walls coking chambers during ti o equipped with the usual remo collectively form the main support for the entire super-structure of the oven batt and are themselves supported p x or platform which constitutes dation on which the entire The coal to be coked is charged eral coking chambers or ovc is thr charging holes 1 1 located in the top 15 or c oven battery positioneu direct above the oven or chambers 12, as shown in EU 1 and 2. These char ing h l which are removed di inchvidiuuv ovens or colt. r

placed in position to close char-g1 distilling operation. '..lhe of tron pass lrom the tops or the sev ing chambers 12 through gas thence through ascension pipes into the usual collectin nrai ries the distillation producrs to the byproduct recovery apparatus.

Heat ir'or coking the several oven; or clmmbc the heating'walls 11, which, as tioned, extend crosswise of the the sides of the coking chambers. lleterr' now more particularly to 2 a heating wall 11 is consti trod of a plano'l'flame or combustion t ues The fl: flues of each heating wal are in a n'danwith the invention, operasiv 1y p a single group, that is to say all or the flue of each heating wall operate concurrently as upflow or burning fli as will be her inafter more fully explained. (lens s-recor heating is main 'ncd continuously our end to end on botn $1 of the che of coal in each coking chain. er, wither ny reversal whatever in the direction of r 1 the heating flues;

The crosswise regenerators 18 of the battery are located at a lower level than the coking chambers 12 and extend in parallelism between pairs or" adjacent supporting walls 13. The regenerators alternate with the recuperators, as shown in Fig. 2. Located in the middle lengthwise vertical plane of the battery is a vertical partition 19, as shown in Fig. 1, which partition extends all the way up from the mat of the battery to the bottom of the overlying coking chamber and from one to the other oil the supporting walls 13 at the sides of they regenerators. The regenerators, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the battery, extend inwardly to said partition 19 and are separated thereby, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. This arrangement permits control from opposite sides of the battery of the flow through the regenerators, thereby-assisting uniformity of distribution of the flow through the rcgenerators and fiues. Each regenerator 18 is a chamber containing open brick work,

and

commonly called checker work, and indicated at 20, with a Vertical distributing channel 21 at the inside of the regenerator and with upper and lower distributing channels 22 23 the outside of the regenerators. The upper and lower vertical distributing

channels

22 and 23 are separated by a horizontal baflle 24 which extends inwardly of the regencrator and terminates at the inner. vertical channel 21. When the regenerator is operating for inflow, this arrangement compels the flow entering the port 25 to pass through the lower section of the regenerator and inwardly to the inside vertical channel 21, thence upwardly through said channel 21, and forwardly through the upper section of the regenerator to the outside vertical channel 22, from which the flow may be delivered by distributing means hereinafter described to the flame flues. When operating for outflow, the flow passes-through the regenerator in reverse direction to that just described. The several regenerators are heated, in alternation, by the hot combustion products that draw ofl from the flame or combustion flues hereinbetore mentioned and then impart such heat to the medium that they feed into these flame fluess Tlach flame flue 17 has at its top a port or opening 26 ttor-dratt and the passage of combustion products or waste gas from the flames within the flue These ports 26 open up into horizontal or bus flues 27 located in the heating walls above the flame flues and respectively interconnecting all of the'flame lines of their respective heating walls. According to theinvention, there is provided in each heating wall series of vertical outflow channels which alternate with the flame flues 17, as shown in Fig. 1. The outflow channels 28 receive the waste gases rom the horizontal flues 27 and. carry them downwardly through the heating wall to the outflow regenerators and to the outflow passages of the recuperators.

Extending horizontally above each regenerator 18 is a pair of horizontal distributing c-

iannels

29 and 30. The

channels

29 and 30 respectively adapted to be alternately placed in conlmunication with the upper vertical channels 22 of their corresponding regenerators by ports 31 which may be opened or closed by slide dampers 32 which move along the bottoms of the respective channels 25) and 30. The channels 29 of the respective pairs operate as inflow distributing channels for conveying from inflow regenerators the flow directly to the flame flues of the heating walls. For this purpose each distributing channel 29 is communicably connected with the flame flues of a pair of adjacent heating walls by "forked ducts 83 and the arrangement is such that each flame flue is provided with forkedduct connections to the channels 29 oi a pair of adjacent parallel regenerators, in the manner shown in Fig. 2. The other channels 30 operate, however, as outflow channels for conveying the waste gases from the vertical outflow channels 28 to outflow regenerators. For this purpose, each outflow channel 30 is connnunicably connected with the vertical channels 28 of a pair of adjacent heating walls by forked ducts 34 and each vertical channel 28 communicates, by such forked ducts, with a pair of outflow channels 30. v I

The recuperators 35 extend crosswise of the battery and in parallelism between adjacent parallel regenerators, so that the recuperators alternate with the regenerators, as shown in Fig. 2. Each recuperator is constitutedof the vertical inflow tubes 36 for conveying the preheated air to the flame flues 17 and the surrounding outflow passages 37, through which the waste gases circulate in countercurrent with the inflowing air to transfer heat to the air before it reaches the combustion flues. The inflow passages 36 of the recuperators communicate at their lower ends with horizontal air distributing channels 38, and the surrounding outflow passages of ,the recuperators communicate at their lower ends with horizontal outflow channels 39. Preferably the said

channels

38 and 39 extend inwardly only to the approximate central longitudinal plane of the battery, as shown in Fig. 3, inorder to pro mote uniformity in distribution of the inflow and outflow through the recuperators. The recuperators are located, as shown in. Fig. 3, directly beneath the heating walls 11, and their inflow tubes 36 communicate by ports 40 directly with the flame flues 17 of the heating walls located above the respective recuperators. The vertical outflow channels 28 of the heating walls are connected with the outflow passages 37 of the corresponding recuperator by means of ducts 4:1. Nith this construction, each recuperator has its inflow passages connected with the flame fines of a single heating wall and its outflow passages connected with the vertical outflow channels 28 of the same heating wall.

The draft through the ports 26 may be regulated by means of the usual movable dampers or sliding bricks 42, positioned in the ordinary way in the bottoms of the 1101i zontal' flues 27 and adaptedto be reached by access flues 43 which extend from the top of the horizontal flues 27 in each heating wall to the top 1.5 of the battery, there being an access flue positioned over each flame or combustion flue of each heating wall.

The operation of the retort oven or battery, when employing a special generator gas, such as ordinary producer gas as the fuel, is as follows: Assuming that the alternate regenerators are operating as inflow fuel gas regenerators P and the intermediate regenerators are operating concurrently as outflow waste gas regenerators W, the slide dampers 32 Wlll be operated to place the distributing channels 29 in communication with the regenerators P and shut otl the outand to shut off the inflow distributing chan- I nels 29. A supply of fuel gas is permitted to flow into the alternate fuel gas regenerators P, and passing through said regenerators, the fuel gas is preheated before being delivered by the distributing channels 29 and forked ducts 33 into the flame flues. In the inflow recuperator tubes 36, inflow of air A is maintained and passing upwardly through such tubes is finally delivered by the ducts40 to the flame fines to support he combustion of the producer gas that is delivered thereto by the alternate fuel gas regenerators P. The waste gases from all of the flame flues pass into the horizontal flues 27 and areby them delivered to the vertical down flow channels 28. the down flow channels 28 passes into the outflow channels 30 and is by said. channels 30 delivered into the waste gas regenerators W. The balance of the waste gas '10 passes from the vertical channels 28 through the ducts 4:1 into the surrounding outflow passages 37 of the recnperators and passes through. said recuperators in countercurrent to the incoming air, for the purpose of preheating the air prior to its delivery to the flame flues.

In the coke oven vbattery just described, reversal of the flow is required only in re spect of the regenerators. This may be accomplished by operating the dampers 32 at the end of each operating period to place the inflow rcgenerators in communication with the flame fines and the outflow regenerators in communication with the vertical outflow channel28. The reversal operation is accompanied by a delivery of the supply of producer gas to the inflow regenerators and a cutting off of said supply from the outflow regenerators. At each reversal of the flow, the inflow regenerators become out flow regenerators and concurrently the outflow regenerators become inflow regenerators. 7

By the invention there has been accomplished the employment of constant flame in every flue of the battery, without any reversal whatever in the direction of flow through the fines and yet with a relatively lean gaseous fuel which requires to be regeneratively heated before being delivered into the flues. Moreover, the recuperator system is employed only in connection with the heating of the air and the fuel gas is preheated entirely by a regenerative system, so that countercurrent between the fuel gas and the Part of the waste gas fronr waste heat is entirely avoided, thereby eliminating any losses of the fuel gas.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied. in a particular form of construc-' ing a plurality of crosswise regenerators,'

each having a pair of horizontal channels, one of said channels being connnunicably connected by duct means with the combustion fines of a pair of adjacent heating walls, and the other of said channels being coinmunicahly conn-cted by duct means with the vertical outflow char 101s of a pair of adjacent heating walls, at d means for alternatively effecting connnunication between one or the other of channels and its corresponding regenerator; and a recuperative system embodying crosswise recuperators for supplying the air to said combus tion fines, said recuperators being disposed in alternation with the aforesaid regenerators, the vertical inflow channelsof each recuperator being communicably connected with the combustion fines of a single heating wall, and the outflow passages of each recuperator being cou'ununi ably connected with the vertical outflow channels of the same heating wall; substantially as specifled.

2. In a coking retort oven, in combina- Q1 Eviliit tion: a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking charm hers and respectively constituted of vertical combustion fines and of vertical outflow channels disposed in. alternation with said combustion fines and con'xmunicably connected therewith; a regenerative system for do livering fuel to the aforesaid combustion fines, said regenerative system comprising a plurality, of regenerators, each having a pair of horizontal channels, one of said channels being communicably connected-by duct means with the combustion fines-of a pair of adjacent heating walls, and the other of said channels being communicably connccted by duct means with the vertical outflow channels of a pair of adjacent heating walls, and means for alternatively effecting communication between one or the other of said channels and its corresponding regenerater; and a recupcrative system embodying recuperators for supplying the air to said combustion flnes, said recuperators being disposed in alternation with the aforesaid =regenerators, the vertical inflow channels 1 of each rccuperator 1 being commmunicably i connected with-the combustionflues' of a single heating wall, and the outflow passagesnof each recuperator'being communicably con nected with the vertical outflow channelsof the same heatingwalli; substantially as specified.

3. In a coking retort oven, in combination: a plurality of cokingchanibers;.heating walls contiguousto such coking chambers and respectively constituted of vertical combastion fines and of vertical outflow channels disposed in alternation with said combustion fines and communicablyconnected therewith; a regenerative system sfOl :delivering fuel gas to the aforesaid combustion flues, said regenerative systenr'comprising a plurality of regenerators,e'ach having a pair of horizontal channels, one ofrsaid channels being couununic'ably connected "by duct means with the combustion iflues of a pair of adjacent heating walls, and'the other of said channels beingconnnunieably con-' nected by duct means with the vertical outflow channels of a pair of adjacent heating walls, and means for alternatively effecting communicatiou betweenone or the oth'erof said channels and its corresponding regenerator; and a recuperative system embodying recuperators for supplying the air tosaid combustion flues, the vertical inflow channels of each .recuperator being communicably connected with the combustionzflu'es of a single heating wall, and the outflow passages of each 'recuperator being communicably connected with the vertical-outflow channels of the same heatingwvall; substantially as specified.

4. In a coking retort :oven, in .combination: a plurality'of coking chamberspheating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively constituted-of vertical combustion iflues and of vertical outflow channels disposed in alternationwith said combustion fines :and communic'ably connected therewith; a regenerative system'lfor delivering fuel gas .to the aforesaid roombustion fines, said regenerative syste1n1co1nprising inflow and outflow iregenerators, the inflow regenerators being communicably connected with the ombustion flues,.a'n d the outflow regenerators being communieably connected with the vertical outflow channels; and a recuperative rsvstem embodving treeuperators-for supplying therair'to said co1n bustion fiues,'the vertical inflow channels of the recuperators vbeing (ZODHDHIIlGEXblYG011- nected with the combustion 'flues :and the outflow passagesof the-'recuper-ators 'bein communicably connected with the vertiea outflow channels; substantially as specified.

5. In a coking retort ovenh'aving coking chambers, and contiguous vertically flued provided with outflow passages which cominuni. rate with the flue outlets and are adapted to conjointly with said last mentioned regenerators receive the waste gases from said fiues; substantially as specified.

6. In a coking retort oven having coking chambers, and contiguous fiued heating walls, the improvement characterized by means for producing concurrently in each flue of each heating wall constant flame by the combustion of an extraneously derived fuel gas, said means comprising a crosswise regenerative system for supplying to the fines the fuel gas and a crosswise recuperative system for supplying to the lines the air, the regenerative system including regenerators communicably connected with the flue outlets, the recuperative system being provided with outflow passages which communicate with the flue outlets and are adapted to conjointly with said last mentioned regenerators receive the waste gases from said fiues; substantially as specified.

7. In a coking retort even having coking chambers, and contiguous flued heating walls, the improvement characterized by means for producing concurrently in each flue of each heating wall constant flame by the combustion of an extraneously derived fuel gas, said means comprising a regenerative system for supplying to the fines the fuel gas and a recuperative system for supplying to the fines the air, the regenerative system including regenerators communicably connected with the fine outlets, the recuperative system being provided with outflow passages which communicate with the flue outlets and are adapted to conjointly with said last men tioned regenerators receive the waste gases from said fiues; substantially as specified.

8. In a coking retort oven having coking chambers, and contiguous vertically flued heating walls, the improvement cl1aracterized by means for producing concurrently in each fine of each heating wall constant flame by the combustion of an eXtran-eously derived fuel gas, said means comprising a crosswise regenerative system for supplying to the fines the fuel gas and a crosswise recupe ative system for supplying to the fines the air; substantially as specified.

In a coking retort oven having coking chambers, and contiguous vertically flued.

heating walls, the iu'iprovement characterized by means for producing concurrently in each flue of each heating wall constant flame by the combustion of an extraneously derived fuel gas, saicl neans comprising a regenerative system for supplying to the fines the fuel gas and a recuperative system for supplying to the fines the air; substantially as specified.

10. In a coking retort oven having coking chambers, and contiguous flued heating walls,

the improvement characterized by means for producing concurrently in each flue of each heating wall constant flame by the combustion of an extraneously derived fuel gas, said means con'iprising a regenerative system for supplying to the fines the fuel gas and a recuperative system for supplying to the dues the air; substantially as specified.

11. In a coking retort oven having coking chambers, and contiguous vertically fined heating walls, means for producing concurrently in each flue of each heating wall a.

coking heat, said means comprising a cross wise regenerative system for supplying fuel gas to the flues and a crosswise recuperative system for supplying air to theflues; substantially as specified.

12. In a coking retort oven having coking chambers,- and contiguous fined heating walls, means for producing concurrently in each flue of each heating wall a coking heat, said means comprising a regenerative system for supplying fuel gas to the fines and a recuperative system for supplying air to the fines, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set