US1658402A - Scavenging muffler for automotive engines - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 7, 19280 MSSAQZ N. WARTH SCAVENGING MUFFLER FOR AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES Filed Oct. 11, 1923 NATHANIELQWARTH 1 =1 Gad/ i a Patented Feb. 7, 1928.

NATHANIEL G. WABTE, F GALLIPOLIS, OHIO. SCAYENGING MUFFLER FOB AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES.

Application filed October 11, 1923. Serial No. 668,019.

The object of this invention is to provide an improved construction of mufiler for an automobile engine equipped with a manifold and exhaust pipe whereby there is secured in addition to an efficient mufiiing effect a more etlicient scavenging of the exhaust system and consequently a reduction of back pressure, and carbon deposit, these results efiicient and satisfactory operation of the engine. itself. Because of the effect stated much of the fuel and upkeep expense is saved.

In my construction I utilize suction or entrainment efiects upon the discharge gas impulses in three cooperating Ways, to wit; first the suction tending to be created in an injector or siphon nozzle produced by a high velocity current of air collected by a funnel at the head of ,themuflier. second the suction created in an injector siphon nozzle produced by a high velocity turbine driven by the exhaust impulses. the suction being due to a vacuum effect produced in 5 the exhaust system by the rotation of the turbine during .the intervals between the gas impulses and thirdly by the suction tending to be created in an injector or siphon nozzle arranged about the gas and air nozzle mentioned to entrain the gasesas in the other instances; this last entrainment effect being accomplished by directed gases within the muflier passing through the injector noz-' zle at high velocity and momentum. These three suctions are cooperating and coincident in the withdrawal ofthe waste gases from the exhaust system.

The invention is embodied in the example herein shown and described and the method of operation involved. the features of novelty being finally claimed.

In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is mainly a longitudinal sectional view of a mufiier according to my present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 11-11 Fig. 1 looking to the right.

Fig. 3'is an end elevation of nel.

Fig. 4 is a similar view illustrating a modification of Fig. 1 consisting of a special extension of the main muflier. I

Referring first to Figs. 1-3 the character 5 designates a cylindrical casing having a forward head 6 and rear head 7 held in the ends of-the casing by suitable bolts such as the air funtending to promote the more shown at 8. Supported by suitable spacers 2 within the casing 5 is a cylinder 10 having its rear end tapered or contracted rearwardly to reduce its opening as seen at 10 and its forward end rovided with an internal funnel 11 extendlng rearwardly in the c linder 10 where it is supported in. a spider casting30. The spider 30 is held in position by suitable posts 31 secured between the outer. casing 5 and" the cylinder 10. Said spider 30 can as shown form a prolon ation of the rear end of thefunnel 11 an constitutes a nozzle. Extending rearwardly into. said funnel 11 is a tubular conductor 12 connected at its forward end to the rear side of the forward head 6; and communicatin with conductor 12 is an air collecting funne 13 provided with a series of concentric rings 13 supported by cross bars 13 for the purpose of directing the atmospheric air against the inclined-inner sides of the funnel and therefore concentrate the flow and pressure of the collected air toward and through 'the smaller end of the funnel. Within the conductor 12 is a tube having a cylindrical portion 14 and a squared rear end at 14: the outer side of said tube and the inner sideof the conductor 12 being provided with a series of rings 15 and 16 respectively in staggered arrangement and rearwardly inclined so as to form a series of circular pockets thereby adapting them to freely admit air from the funnel but to retard with considerable effect any forward flow of gases. This retarding arrangement of parts have a sound deadening eifect. The character 17 designates theexhaust pipe of the engine, said pipe being coupled at its discharge end with the forward end of the tube 14. The rear of the tube 14 is a nozzle and is supported on ing 30.

The rear end of the conductor 12 is also a nozzle and is supported by the spider 30. Said end is tapered and squared at 12" parallel with the squared end 14 of tube 14: and hinged to each of the four inner sides of the end 12 as indicated at 18 is a valve 19 lined at its inner side with asbestos cloth adapted to close at its free end upon the adjacent squared faces of the squared end 14 of the tube 14. These valve parts 19 constitute virtually one valve and each of the parts is provided with a stop or projection at its back to contact with the wall 12 of the conductor so as to cause its free end a lip 30 of the cast- V vent may be regulated.

to be slightly separated from wall 12* when in fully opened position and therefore permit forward pressures within the muflier to act on their rear sides to close them.

Secured to the center of the spider 30 is a stationary shaft 21 on the rear of which beyond the nozzle of the funnel 11 is jour-' naled with suitable antifriction bearings a bladed wheel or turbine 22 adapted to be rotated by the force of the exhaust into the mufiler. Notwithstanding that the impulses of the exhaust are intermittent their action on the turbine is to keep that member in continuous high speed rotation.

The rear head 7 is provided with a nipple 23 to which is connected a pipe extension 24 having its rear end split and flattened, said split ends. being provided with suitable means, as for example, a bolt andnut whereby the extent of the separation of said ends and consequently the size of the The heads 6 and 7 are each formed to present internally of the mufiier a circularly concaved surface adapted to direct the flow of gases against themthe curved surface in the head 7 being designed to direct the gases issuing from the opening to the cylinder end 10 into the annular space between the outer casing 5 and the cylinder 10 while the curved surface of the head 6 is designed to convergently direct the gases from the forward end of said annular space into the mouth of the funnel 11 whence they pass between the inner side of the funnel andthe exterior of conductor 12.

Referring now to Fig. 4 the construct-ion is the same as in Fig. 1 except that instead of employing the head 7 as shown in Fig. 1 the mulfler casing 5 is lengthened as at 5 to form an extended or additional chamber in which is located at its'rear end a head 7 containing the discharge nipple a secondary directing cylinder 10 duly supported and spaced by spacers 9 from the outer casing and a cooperating deflector end 6 in the forward portion of the extended chamber. In this modification the secondary or extended chamber is connected with the primary or main chamber by means of central passage or pipe 33 and in the primary or main chamber is the curved deflector ring or surface 7 corresponding in function to the deflecting head 7 in Fig. 1. In this construction portions of the impelled gases issuing from the contracted opening 10 pass through pipe 33 and are circulated by the head 7 through the annular space between the extensions 5 and the secondary cylin-- der 10.

It being remembered that the engine exhausts in nnpulses and it being assumed that the car is in forward motion with air entering the funnel under pressure the operations are as follows: from the collector funnel the curs, of course, between the impulses of the' exhaust. During an impulse the gas pres sure bemg greater than the air pressure,

such impulse entrains and augments the intake of air at this point. The impulses of theexhaust drive the turbine at a high velocity and during the interval between the impulses a vacuum effect is produced for ward of the same at the nozzles, said effect being to suck the gases and air from the three nozzles thereby effecting entrainment of the gases from the pipe 14, air from the sound deadener. and the mixed gases through the funnel 11. The operation for the third scavenging entrainment of the waste gases consists in a controlled current flow of the gases within the mufller to act upon them-- selves. The exhaust impulses of as ejected from the exhaust pipe flow direct y through the center of" the mufller to the rear head by which they are largely deflected or diverged radially to the casing wall and are driven forwardly between casing 5 and cylinder 10 to: the front head, by which head they are deflected, converged and impelled rearwardly into the internal funnel 11 from which they are given added velocity and momen tum through the annular nozzle of the funnel by their entrainment, because of the siphon-ejector action at this nozzle due to the succeeding impulse of gas from the exhaust pipe. The momentumof the flowing gust; continues during the succeeding intermissionor absence of exhaust, and this result 'in turn, causes entrainment of the retained gases in the exhaust pipe-this effect coutinuing during the operation of the engin whether the car is in motion or not by reasm of their momentum and the provision to their being returned to the nozzles and re gardless of the continued discharge of flu largely spent or inactive gases to the atmos-- phere through the exhaust pipe or nipple of the muffler. It'will be understood, of course that there always exists some internal pressure of the gases within the muffler while that portion of the gases having the high velocity movements are following their courses and performing their function, the pressure stated continues to act to effect to discharge the mixture at the rear exhaust in proportion to the intake or supply at the head.- In engines having a simultaneous discharge from more numerous cylinders 21 larger expansion area or capacity within the mufiier may be desirable and the modification shown in 4 illustrates how the increased capacity may be provided for. The extended casing provides for a secondary controlled flow of the gases thus augmenting the result. The directions of the gas antenna ward motion the exhaust gases are prevented from escaping forward by the closing of the valve due to. internal pressure set up under these circumstances, and any noise incident to the forward escape of gases is prevented by the sound deadener in the conductor 12.

The forms of the parts can be changed without departing from the gist of the invcntion as claimed.

What I claim is:

1. In combination with a mer chamber for explosive engines, an air collecting tunnel-provided at its interior with a series ofconcentrically located rings spaced from one another and at their inner ends spaced from the wall of the tunnel, said rings being or f increasing length from the outermost to theinnermost of the series and adapted to direct air to the sides of the funnel. v

2. In combination with a mufier chamber for an explosive engine, an exhaust gas conductor therein,.an air collecting funnel having its discharge end extending around said exhaust conductor, and sound deadening members, between said exhaust conductor and said extension of the funnel consist of rings on said conductor and extension extending towards each other. I

3. In combination with a mufler chamber for an explosive engine, an exhaust gas conductor therein, an air collecting funnel having an extension lying around the exhaust conductor and forming a passage around the latter, sound deadening members in'said passage, means within the chamber for causing the return of exhaust gas to the exterior of said extension, and a valve at the rear end of said passage adapted to close said passage against the return of gases through said passa c.

l. In combination with a mufiler casing for an explosive engine, an exhaust conduc tor therein, means for supplying air near the discharge of said exhaust conductor, means within said casing for causing gases discharged into the casing to return to points around the air conductor including a turbine actuated by the exhaust discharges, a circular concaved head and a wallforming an annular chamber around the inner side or the mufiler.

5. In combination with a mufiler casing for an explosion engine, an exhaust conductor therein, means within the casing, for causing gases discharged into the casing to return to the region of the discharge of the exhaust conductor consisting of acircularly concaved headand a wall, means for directing the returned gases in the direction of the exhaust discharge, and a turbine between said exhaust conductor and concaved head actuated by said discharges.

6. In combination with a mufiler casi for an explosion engine, an exhaust conductor therein, means for supplying air near the. discharge of said exhaust conductor, and means for causing the discharge gases to return to points around the air dischar including a turbine actuated by the exhaust discharges.

7. In combination with a mufller casing for an explosion engine, an exhaust conductor therein, means within the caslng for returning gases discharged into the \casing to .the region of the exhaust conductor, means i for directing the returned gases in the direction of the exhaust discharge, a turbine actuated by the discharges, an air collecting unnel having a conductor around said exhaust conductor and a check valve for pre venting return pressure through the space between the air conductor and exhaust con ductor. 1

8. In combination with a mufiler casing for an'explosion engine, an exhaust conductor therein, means within the casing for Feturning gases discharged into the casing to the region for directing the returned gasesin the direction of the exhaust actuated by the discharges, anair collecting funnel having a conductor around said exhaustconductor and a check valve for preventing return pressure through the space between the air conductor and exhaust con- 'ductor and sound deadening members in staid space.

9. In a'mufier, an outer casing, a scavenging element therein including circularly concaved forward and rear heads in the opposite ends of the casing facing each other at their concaved sides, the cavityof each of saidheads extending from substantially the inner surface of the casing toward the axis of the casing and said rear head provided with a gas discharge, an imperfor'ate cylinder mounted within said casing between said heads and spaced from the casing and heads, a gas exhaust conductor discharging through the forward head and into the imperforate rcylinder beyond the forward end'of the latter; part of the gases discharged from said conductor into said imperforate cylinder being first directed against the rear head and then forward between the casingand imperforate cylinder to the exterior of the exhaust conductor and rearwardly thereon.

oi the exhaust conductor, means discharge, a turbine

Images