US1656167A - Method of and apparatus for heating clay products in kilns or ovens - Google Patents

Description

Jam. 17, 192g.,

C.7 H. CMP

METHOD OF AND APPAMTUS FOR HEATING CLAY PRODUCTS IN KTLNS OR OvENs Filed June 50, 1927 3 SheetsSheet 2 lvENToR @uw 22W Hm ATTORNEYS Jan. 17, 1928.

C. H. CAMP METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING CLAY PRODUCTS IN KILNS OR OVENS Filed June 50. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 xNvENTOR 2 y MATTORNEYS mitin., l. "ill,

llpplieaitin tiled .lune fr0, will.

'll iu invention relates to :i n'ietlioil oit unil l 'etno tor booting elziy proaluete in liilno or over si, f rul purtieulurly` to tlie controlled llietuluitiou olf the Combustion gusset einpioyerl so ibut tlie protliiets` 'un be subieeterl to rw; iiuterl nucl liiiitorni laeuft rlllie iurenti iu is urlful'iterl to tbe operation ogt brieli ribecl more eepeeiull)T lilnu :ruil will be (lei A with re ation thereto ultlioupgli it muy be utilizeril 1with fulrzuitupre in ril zuirl evene in Wliieli other eluy unil elimini' i. n'otluere aire lieeterl or lirerl.

lflie burning ot infierireI iu conducted., :teeordingr to u, long;v ee'lnblifilwtl pinetiee, in iiluss either ot the rieur/ell or bee-lure types. lin tlie toriner type, Wliieli le' eoirunonly useab tlie bricks ure iuiiifuiblerl in :i lionojlJ-eoinbml pilj irliieli le t il to louve :trelieri open- 'in or tunnels in tlie bottoni oli the pile. @traitee ure proriilerl in tlieeo openingggs uuu lires ure f-1uliliel eri therein. tflinee the lriliu; ure :t'rol'n tli fr' to iorty ieet in length, it is obviously i ooseible to ine intein ezrtiftzietory eontrol in lire or lires eziteutlint, tl1"ou,oli out tire leiwgtli oit tile tunnelis und to intensk if. or reiluee the :unouut of lient protiucetlL zit dil'loi-ent 'onesti oit tlie lire or lires in accordunee with lie worrying r quireinentffs oit the liiliiu lurtliernuue, it is iinpruetrouble to buro` the Clt/eenerl truites o'i" liuel Wliieli elinlter null require elearning on ritten exceeding :i lenfitli which is ile fininerl by ltlie uibility ot opeliitoigu to lteep the lires in 1igoocl condition. llt ie usuel, tli.erelforej to burn the lurqe miles oit coul on @rateo :it oppofiite ends ot the tunnels Willi u flutti upziee between zinfl to rlepeucl upon tlie regrulution oit :l uit und tbe optelling` olt lire loert; uit one or botti enfle ot the tunnels, 'with lirzivier or lipgliter tiring; :it rliilereut point 'to ei'lfeet tbe rleoirerl tlifiti liul'iou oi tl'io brut.

{llueli loiLiilrzition. results in :i ivm-:te ot 'i :el lue to tile iiitroiluetion ol" :i lurrge @zwei-it; oi rolfl :tir whieb nuuft be lieutetl by tlie lires. 'lier-mun tlie i'iietlioil iflelientle prineiimlly on rzuliutiou und eenv tluetion to Curry tlie lient 'to )ortis oi tbe kiln wliirli ure not liu tbe uoru'ntl (lireet line et trurel of tlie not grises 'troni tile Coneripientljif the :rrr-lien libere 'the Eroe muet be over-heated to u eonuiiieru-ble degree. llie uneven burning* reaulte in Wicle rztrzttion ot tile eolor :intl quulity ot tlie brio un ranging; Vroni lilueluiietl lir'irilfliemls to toit piurtljyburuerl brielr. .it muy e itu. euutse tlie Lireliee fritto impur Friet,

l@ Ulli-lll' IPRUCTH Lilli' Serial No. Eltiil.

to lull und time neeeissitute drawing tile lires; :f

eel und uncertain control over the distributlf n oit heut in tlie lriln.

:in tlie beebive type ot kiln the grutee ire usuully ilifipoecl in furnueee ucljuoent to ,lio permanent vrille ot the lrilne :intl tlie eu :ire introduced to tunnele or 'lluee in tile mio. 'llflie teure rli'llieulty of? securing; uui- Atorre. cliff ibutiou oit tlie beating rasee ie elipeririira-iff :ruil tlie procluet not uniitorin.

'lne :incl ovens employed tor beating other luf :intl Similar products, Wlietlier uueli products tre :irruiiretl in pilas; or upon mipportiug ruelle, :tre equully fleiecti'i/'e in respect to the distribution oit tile heating;` ",lflie guerre tonal to roliow the shortest polli llirougrjli tbe ltiln in (lireet Contact rv'itliV only :i portion of tire contente. 'llie heating oli the renntiirier ot' tile product depends in 'iiiurily upon radiation unil Conduction.

iinotlier detect oit kilns und ovens lis-s operutetl lieretolire iss tlie inipruetieubility oi' luirniog; tl'ie smuller Sizes oi liurfl coul :suoli :te peu euri buelrwiieut und tlie ellen per grutiers oil; bituminous (foul therein. @Buell coul mi be burned ufor kiln or oven lieutii'ip; only with toi-eetl il 'uit und tliis-s uceenzuutee the flillieulty ot (li butinp; tlie eoinbuetion rosee to Secure uurgorm beating; ol the product. The 'loi'eecl (tratt carries; the bot Queeg; tlirouggli tlie sliorteet und moet clireet putli to tlie steelt in e bee-hire type kiln or to tlie open air in :t Seove type lriln with the result tliet ports or tlie iln in suoli putli ore overlieutecl und oth-fir perte reumiii est eoii'ipzirziively lour terripeintures. llo lieu t if trite oit the lrilii wliieli ure not in the rlireet putti oit the ,gutes the teinperuture in other parte uu it be en liirgli tliot .ironie ot tlie proriuet iu deitrojifeil. @oneeoueutly it but* been euittoumry to burn only woorl or @ripe ifsire graden olf sott eoul oit the minniaibi'e :einen: oi" untlirfieite or to reeort to tbe ruore expensive l@gris or oil fuels;

fait 'o tlio object oit tire pr leent invention to provide iinproveniente in kilns und tlie lilre und .in tlie Opern-tion tliereoif ii/'hereby tile liot combustion gz ses: ein be distributed more uniformly und tlie heating e'ileet tliereoit earn be regulutetl to permit Szi'tietuetory heating; ot ull oit tbe product in tlie lriln.

llrnotlier object of tile invention to per vgases the heat can be directed mit the burning of hard coal in small sizes or the cheaper grades of bituminous coal so that the cost of operation can be reduced.

The advantages of the invention are a more uniform product, a considerable saving' resulting from prevention of overheatingand underlieating of the product, and savingr in labor, in repairs to the kiln., and particularly in the time required to complete the heating of the product. These and other advantages which have been demonstrated in lactual operations permita substantial reduction in the cost of clay and similar prodnets which require burning` and lilfe. heat treatment.

In arrying out the invention the hot combustion gases are drawn from the lrates or furnaces to 'ard the dead spaceM of the kiln, that kis to say, from i part thereof which is not in the normal direct line of travel of the gases through the kiln, by withdrawing a portion of these gases from the dead space under the influence of suction applied at that place. rlhe withdrawal of some of the gases induces a tlow of the hot gases away from the grates or furnaces and consequently the heat there generated or any portion thereof caribe conveyed toward a section of the kiln to which the gases would not otherwise thoroughly penetrate. By variation of the suction and consequent vflow of at will throughout the length of the tunnels, for example, and uniformity or a variation of heating as required can be assurer.

To avoid loss of the heat carried by the gases which are withdrawn from the dead space, such gases are recirculzi-ted and discharged again into the tunnels or furnaces and there mingled with fresh combustion gases. Thus, a constant circulation of hot gases from the grates or furnaces toward 'the normally cooler zones of the kiln can be maintained and the escape of gases at relatively high temperatures can be avoided.

The reeireulated gases can be introduced either wholly or in part above or below the grates, but preferably such gases are introduced above the gratos. Air can be intro- A duced and mingled with the hot combustion gases before they are returned to the furnaces or tunnels either to aid secondary connv `bustion of any combustible ,eases which may be present or to maintain desired oxidizing conditions in the kiln, or ingress of air can beleliminated, in which case a reducing;l at,- mosphere (deficiency of oxygen in the proclucts of combustion) can be maintained. Thus, in brickkilns for most kinds of brick Hit is necessary to introduce air with its constituent oxygen at certain stages of the operation in order that the proper oxidizing: conditions maybe present for development of desired color in the brick, or where coal dust is mixed with the clay mixture, oxygen is necessary for the burniircr of same. 'l`bc air can be introduced either with the recu culated gases or separately.

Normally in opera ,ingr with hard coal, in the iner sizes and similar fuels, a foi-ccd draft must be employed. Air for this purpose can be introduced below the ,s1-rates un* der suitable pressure. lhe recirculation of the gases as described assists in maintaining desired draft conditions ro that the lires and the generation of combustion nasca may lzc more. uniform than is otherwise pof-xsiblc.

In startinp the kilns or ovensl the tires- :irc limited preferably to thc bcad ends of thc gratos with only sullicient air lo maintain :i satisfactory and substantially sinokelcss coinbustion and air is introducedl if necessary above the ,ri-rates to aid secondary combina ion and to prevent discoloration of the brick. At the same time, suction is applied at tbc dead space and the rases withdrawn arc discharged into the atmosphere. thus assisting in uniformly heating the brick and in czurying away the steam which is foi-mcd during' the dryiite-out period. When the drying-outI of the kiln has been accomplished. the tire is extended over the entire girate sur face, the forced draft is increased and circle lation of the combustion products is startcd. the circulation being: regulated so as to carry the desired portion of the heat into tbc dead space, thus developingi uniform heal condition:- throughout thc length of thc iunncls. From the tunnels the hot gases waicb :uwy not withdrawn for recirculation paras upwardly through the kiln and the bricksl therein are thus heated to a substantially uniform temperatiue which may be rcggju lated to meet the required conditions b v variation of the forced draft and of the recirculation. Should any portion of Ahc kiln lend to become over-heated the rccirculaiion is modified so that less heat is carried lo that particular section. Thus, if the section of the kiln above the crates is too hot, iucrearcd recirculation will carry the l eat toward lhc central section and if the latter section 'is loo hot the recirculation may bc. decremcd to permit more of the hot eases lo pass into ibi sections above the crates.

rlhrcc easily conlrollabh` factors permit the desired distribution ol' the heat in the kiln; iirst, the amount of heal `ciuualcd ,by the fuel can be varied by regulation ol' the mechanical draft; second, the application of suction at a suitable point or points permits direction of the heat to such point or points, leavin;` any portion to follow the natural path of the through the kiln: and third, the return of the hot ifascs lo the kiln under pressure lgreatly assists in diverting the heat from the fuel from its natural 311th of least resistance to the desired points in the kiln. Furthermore, the pressure of 4v n .he `ases in the kiln resnltinu` from ih lllli llt) lil

noemer 'lorced drzltt und llronl the return of llot gases thereto lorces the llellt to ull parte of the kiln. llhue, ull sections; oit the ltiln or oven und the objects therein lire brought to the liniehingl point ot the llellt trelltnlent uniillorllllj/f in leen tilne than by llrevioililly/.i7 lrnowll methode. A

llt Will lle underelood tlult lille invclltion ue described ie 'lpplied lo :in updrlltt liln. rl"he sinne principles nllly be applied, how! over, to il dowlrdrfltt kiln in Wlliicl u pol.'- Jcion ot the greece .is Willliflrllwn und recirculzlted :le described 'lo direct the heilt to the deeired leel-lione. llilrewieea the invention. muy he applied lo lnll e or orel e 1n which ertliclel o he heeled ere Supported oil rilclre.

rldllo ii'lrention im, in illicit, el llgilnei'lll ilppliclltion lo ll'ilne` :ind evene und llllorde the ilolsleiillililzy ol rellllilf'ely clone ,regulation ot dietrihution ol hclll: in the vill-icuii; Zones ol" ille ltiln. :lliio lllcilitzltesl the hurlling olf llllrd colli in ilillllll einen or line eolfleolll in euch lrilneI by :lvoiiflingv the el'lect ol" the neceeeurj/J 'forced d llflft which hue :l tendency to cruise the hot gosses te pliers through plltlll; oit lezlet reeietllnce to lltnloepllei'e.

'.l`he invention will lle further described wwith reference to the llcconlpznlying drewinls, ill which lligg. l. is u, vertical :electiol'l tllrouglll ll Score tj/pe lnficlt kiln; l

lligf. 2 is ll horizontal section on the line 2-2 et llg. l;

3 is ilv Vertical Section through il heehiveM kiln; und

lfigl'. l is :l section on the line lwl oli Fill:

llelerlinlr to the drllwinir: 5 ,inliliclllgeli :l lionel/collllled pile oit brick :tol'lllingl the lliln which il; rlseell'lhleifl in the ueulll lnllnnel' with tunnels; il Al'ornlcd hj/ zll'iitllels l entendine` tllel'etllroulgllu Grilles El are supported in the ends ot the arches which :lre closed by nletzll :lrch-lfronte i) lluvingl liring doorn4 lll und ziehvv pit doorn ll.. lllzlet pipes l2 aire connecled to the :lell pillo luid to blowers 13 which supply zur under suitable presi-eure to nllliln tllin the lolllfst rci'luiled ttor the eon'llluetiion oli luel on, the grilles. llllslv gutes l-l; lire provided lo llernlit regulntion ot the quuutiluy olt llir supi'llied.

'llle influer?, extend only inert Wlljy' into the tunnelsfl. 'llle central zones :it the l'l'ulneleA 'tol-ill :l deuil Iepllce l5 :lljlove the lirlclr wi'lrlt lll. llrolll this; deuil epilee pince l'i'" extend to llle auction eide olf' llloiifere lill which nre lldli'lled to drew hot, greece itroln the deuil splice :nld to deliver them through pines l) to tlle eilllce llhoife the grrlltee lll; the ende oli the tunnels or lxhro'uirh ilipee lll controlled hy billet grilles 20 to the zlir. Blzlet gutes 20 ure provided. in the pipes lll to leiljulllte the llow of hot gesell. llinee Vi lilith billet iljuee 59,2 therein ure collinleM-d 4J. to tlll suction l. olf the blowers l@ sind. to

the iltllloepllere, to pernlit the intixlductioll olf regulated quentiliee4 oit :.lir 'with the hot (lue nlixel'e Q0 (eilrlilul to 'those oiled on d ollleetic grill; etereo) lull); lle 'illllced in the pillen lll to dl'zlw llir h y ineilirlltion inte the pipes. 'lllly :ullount oit uil' 'thurs ill-- lz'i'oduced nul he reigulllted hy the leulll :shutters provided in ouch lllilere. lflipee lll; .only connect the piller-s lll to the Splice llenellth lille ruiten to j lernli; al portion of hot ineen to he introduced under 'the gre( billet. galten 5 beineprovided ill the piper; lo permit regulllteifl onerlltion.

In the operation ot lille llilil ill: delicrihel le l'r lli url i-sllzlricd ou the houd endif ot lllc rules und held there loi' il :lullicicnl'` period lo ijlernlit drying out ol" the liiln in, regrlilzia lion oil the :linouut olv zur l-luillllieil ily the blowers. ljurillgl thin period :i` portion el llle llot niece ""lun the deuil suluccll nllljl' llc willidillufll und dilil'hllrilged to the llllilosulllcre. llllllcn the drying-out period ie col'llilleted ille illust lleneilll'l the grillen ie increul-led und tile lires; :1re lijlrcald over the gllulcl-s :i-:o tllll'l; the lcnli'lerllture ol" the gullies riem-l rupidljif. rllllercrulloll ille hot meel-l zlre circulllted through 1he r-lyetelll with lille lldditiiln olE :lil il downed. l'he lunount olf circulzllion il; regulated to croute ille currente lecons-suny lo curr)Y thc heilt in lhc het conlllustion gillen in il regulated und unil'orlll lllllllner lhloulllout the extenty olf the tunnele` und lel'lieun lllrl),i i to lhe deed lulu el eo thlll; llnu llorllioil or the egllliee which ri through lhe honey-con'llled pile olf hrielte czlrriee` lille lleil luliliornlly to llll. of the llriclie in tho lliluv the hriclle heiligthereby ruined iinitel-lillyv to 'lille desired high tempel-lliure lor the iluriloee of coinpleling` the liurllinij operlllilion. rlllle zlll'lount oli uil' introduced with lille holz K leen 'lul lle rcgl'ulzlted lle llllljy' he nec l ry to olllllin Vlille desired onidiyini or reducingY lltnloepl'lere which lilizew lwill he uilil'olill tllroufgjllout the kiln. (loneequently the hurliing; ot the llriclre will lle conducted eo to he completed unilorll'llly; no pol-lionel cit the :niches or olf the lll'iellsl overl 'inn' the llrehee in ille lliln will he ol'lllleufleil und :l uuiliorul product A:ul lle olllilincd in the .ellorleisl nolieillle period. llle period oit llurninll; le shortened lnllteriullzg7 lui the llct` tlult llldilltioil und conduction lue not relied upon lo cllrrjyr the heilt to nur portion or icone ot the rilll. llll el the zoneny lire feuhiectei'l to tile llelllillii; ellect ot' lille hot colllhuetion nie-ell, 'the prec-- laure these genees :ll-e under llidillil; in ilerM lllolltinn lill llllrls olf the ll'iln. llllould :lilyr Zone oit the kiln tend to overheat the circullllion ot the llol: geleen ezln he increuoml or reduced to curry lille eurigllue l llwy lroill that particular Zone und toi wird 4another mue Where the telllperzlture is lower. 'l`llc circullltion cnn he llloflilied 'lronl tune lo V inurl' he required to :lceonln fl-lli eel'a lli-- i lil r La@ n Uli ,iti

lil)

tif)

Yperature ot the hot The foregoing description relates particularl)7 to a kiln ot the score type. The principles described are applicable, however, to bee-hive7 kilns and to other kilns and ovens. In Figs. 3 and 4 ot the drawing a bee-hive7 kiln is illustrated which is provided with permanent Walls 2G Within which the bricks 27 are arranged in a honey-combed pile leaving a flue 2S between the permanent wall oit the kiln and the pile otl bricks. Furnaces Q9 are arrangfged at intervals about the kiln and are connected to the flue 2S by passages et). Gratos 3l are ar anged in the 'furnaces and are supplied with uel through .tiring doors 3Q. The air to maintain combustion .is supplied through pipes 53 trom blowers 3st, the pipes being connected to 'the ash pits and blast gates 36 being a ranged to peru il, the regulation voit the quantity ot air delivered to the respective furnaces.

The hot combustion gases pags through the flue 28 and (lownivardly through the pile Vot brick, a portion ot the gases escaping through a flue 23T Which may be connected to the smoke stack (not shown).

To permit operation olf the method as described tlues 38 are arranged in the base ot the kiln, being connected to the Zones oli the kiln which are not in the direct path ot the hot gases to the tiue W' The hot gases maj,7

o l be withdrawn through the .tiues 35:3 by blowers 39 which return the hot gases through pipes 4l() to the furnaces 2i) above the gra. Air inlets 41 With blast gates d2 are provided to permit the introduction oit the desired quantity ot air vwith the hot gas s or mixers 4l can be used as before mentioned. Blast gates 4t2- permit the regulation ot the plain tit); ot hot gases whicu are circulate l.

rl`he operation ot the apiz'aratus as described is substantially as in the preceding embodiment ot the invention, that is to say, the tires are started in the fi'rates with a limited supplg7 ot air to avoid excessive heating and the hot gases are permitted to circulate through the kiln during the dr),iing-out operation, a portion ot the gases being withdrawn lthrough the tues 38 and discharged to the atmosphere through pipes il and blast gates 45. lVhen drying out is comi'iletcd the blast increased to rapidly raise the temgases and portions ot the, gases are recirculated and returned to the furnaces to mingle with the tresh combustion gases trom the tires. This ensures the regulated distributiim1 ot the hot gages iroughout the kiln and thoconseoluent uniform burning ot the brick. Air 1s introduced or shut ott as required to maintain the desired oxidizing or reducingr conditions.

As Will be understood from the foregoing description, the invention depends upon the creation of currents ot hot gases flowing from the source thereotl toward Zones beyond the normal direct path ot the gases through Losada? the kiln or to pointsl requiring greater beat. The currents are. provided by ivitlulranuug a portion ot the gases from ihe dead space,vr

and these gases ae returnei: to the space Where the hat gases are generati/.at :'o that at is lov?.

be ot the apparat enmlojfed without departor sacrilicmggj any ot ing tron the l. The method 'if operating kilns aud die ihre, which comprises disiributiiur hot. uuubustion gases in the kiln b v withdrawing a portion ot such g hez'ffu "ration es trom a icone i beyond the normal direct line. oi' travel ol' the gases through the kiln and returning the ganes .'itlidravm to the kiln at another roue.

The method ot operating kilns and the.

lik vvhicn comprises distrilmling hot coaubustiou gases in the kiln by ivitlulraniuf :i

portion ot such ses trom a :cone theieiu bevond the normalY direct line ol travel ot the gases througu the kiln, returning the gases .a'itlnlrarrn to the kiln :it another gone and regulating the distributir'iu ot the ases by varying the quantity thereoif which is withdrawn and returned.

El. The method ot operating kilns and the like, which comprises distributing holV coeubustion gases in the kilns by withdrawing a portion oi such gases -from a :':oue therein beyond the normal direct liuc et travel olf the gases through the kiin, returning thc gases withdrawn to the kiln at, another zone and introducing combusti(iii-supporting gas to the later zone.

t. rllhe method ot operating kilns aud the like, which comprises generating combui-t iou gases in a combustion icone, distributing the hot combustion gases in the kiln by withdrawing a portion ot such gaf-:cs 'from a noi e beyond the combustion sione, and out oli the normal direct line oi' trarel ot the aises through the kiln and returning tluI l witlulraivn to the combustion roue.

rlhe method ot operating l-ilus and the. like, which comprises generating combustion :ses in a coiubiution zone, distriluitiim; the iot couibusiion ga in the l-:ilu b v uitblrawing a portion ot such gases trom :i icone beyond the combustion Yone and out ot the normal direct line olf travel ct the gar-cs through the kiln, returning the ganci# withdrawn to the combustion icone aud regulating the distribution of the gases by varying the quantitj,vv thereof unich is Withdrawn and returned.

t3. The n'icthod ot operating kilns and the like, which comprises generating c mbustion Louuior girasoli: in u Con'ilnistion icono, distributing 'tho .not combustion guisos in tho nln by Witn- (lruu'ing :i portion of suoli gases 'from u zon@ loof/ond the ooinlluotion Zone until out olf tlio nor nul (liront lino oit truvel ol tlio guisos tlnxougll tlio liiln, rfaturning),` tho groses Witli (l uwn to tlio oolnliuution Atono :intl iiltroduon ing coinliuotionnupportingg gin; to tho luttor zum.

l'. lllio niotliofl ot opointinn; kilns uml tlio iti i, which compi-Enos niuintuining the coniation ol? lfuol. with :i .tol-cod lruiit oil' coni- ,tioil-:supporting gais, tlioroln/ geiiorutng t oo.u:iln*f1l'ion ,unsern in u. combustion Zone, u:strilnilii'i:fr tu@ not combustion gasoil in tlio ln;A vitli(lruu'inp,v u. portion liliornol troni i, nouoiliojv'onrl tlio coi'ulniotion Mono :nul out ol' ilu: norinul (liront .lino oi truvol of tlio through tlio lqiln und, roturning tho ou witlnl own to tlio coinbufnion ruono. i, 'llio inotliorl ol op@ 'uting kilns und tlio u'liiuli ooungriuou nfiuintuining` tlio coni- ,uution olf L'uo willi u liorcotl, draft of oom li li luffion-lw iol-tino' @uw tliorob Onno 'itinw (Mw j ll. a# jv an. C zo i ot combustion ,garan in :1 c-oinoustion Zone,

ilu by witlulruwing u portion tlioroo'l troni i liutrilniting tlio liot ooniliuotion ruses in tllo q i non@ beyond tlio ooniliuotion zone unil out olf i in through tlio liiln, roturning; tllo gnu-son ufitlulrawn to tno oonilnistion zone unal inconiliustion-Simporting gus to tlm lill. lll'io niolliotl oil opouitingliriol; liilnn, 'nlurli noinpriuofs uriuiilgingr lilio bricks; in :i lionoy--nouilnnl piln Witli tunnels oratonfliing tliroiurli the liuuo tl'iorooil", burning :l'nol ut tluf opposait@ @lulu olf the tunnels to pro/llico uoinlnustiou L ou therein, distributing tho liot non'ilinsition in tlio tunnnlb` by witlu rlruu'ing u portion thereof liroin tlio Central muon oit tllo tunnols uncl rotin-ning; tno guisos 'witlidrawn to tlio onclo ot tlio tunnels.

ll. rlflio inotliotl oli' oporuting liriolt kilns, which comprises urrunuingj tlm lniols in u lionoy-ooniliocl pillo Witli tunnels extending; tlirougglii lill@ luso tlioroo'l', lnuniing1 liuel ut tlio opp Sito ontls ol tlio tunnels to produc@ noniliuntion ruses thoroin, distributing the not roinliustion guisos intlio tunnels by Witlin tin-Unull tlio bus-o tlioroot, liuirnin-l 'unl nt lio opposite @nils oit tno tunnls to produro fomliusstlon guisos; tlioroin, distributing; tlio i not combustion gon/s in tlio tunnol@ luy Witldrawing u portion tliorooli' 'troni l'lio fontrul monos ol the!" tunnels, roturninn' tlm ninos unlruwn to tnov ouille olE tlio l lunolsi unl intrmlurun roinlnistion-oupporY in," gun ut llio @non ol 'tno tunnnln.

iii. ',l'lio improveinont in kilns :incl tno like, wliioli ooinprislfs inouns l'or fn'rlinkilyiiig liot coinluu-stion rasoi-5 l'lioroto :unl inounsl lor fliniriliuti if tlio liot ,inisos in tlio kiln, inrlinlin, menno lor witlnlrmvingg :t portion olf tlio u n 'liroin u :gono remoto troni ilu: .(irnirco ol' :suoli u; unal out ol tho nornnil liront putli oi tho gus-1an through tlio kiln und nieuwe lor roturning tlir nissen to tlio lriln nt llio uourro ol llin moet lll. 'lliu iinprovoniont n ltilnu und ilu? like, nliicli rompi-inea: mount; lor Supplying` liot Coiulnintion fusion llioruto :incl monito 'lor nlintriluiting; tlio hot ,grasses in the lkiln, inclutling moons for Witlnlruwin u portion of tlio guisos troni a1 :fono remoto iron] tlio source ot suoli gansos und out ol tlio norinul Ll'root putli ol tho guisos tliirougli tho liiln, incanta 'lor returnin@l the rusos to tlio lriln ut tlio eourco olf tlio gaines :nul nunns ior introrllusinn; Combustion-uupporting guisos with tlm rusos roturnecl.

i5. 'llllio inip-roroinont in brink ltiln und tlio lilro, comprising al lionoynoniborl pil@ of lnficltn with tunnoln ut tho liano tliorool', grutto lor solid Yfuel nt tlio @nuls oli' tlio tunnels; und moans lor clirstrilmting tlio liot Irun in tlio kiln, including inouns lor Witlidrawing u. portion o'l.i tlm rusos lroln (lon/Ll Spuren liotwonn tiro ,igiutou :nul inoiins lor roturningg; lilo rusos to tlio lnnnolsl` abono the atributos.

lll, 'llllo iinprovoinont in liriol kilns :incl tllo li lu, Cominisingr :t lionny-ooinl3otl pilo of lnirln; 'with tunnoli; :it tlio huso tlioreoll, gnfuton llor ioli l l'uol :it tlm onilfl; ol? llio tunnels, :incl moans lor distributing 'tlio liot grises in the kiln, including nioono lor Witli- (lruwingg u portion ol? tlio gzisors lroiu cloud spucos botwoon tlio guten, inozins for retu ning,` tlio guisos to tho tunnols uliovo tlio frutos incl inozins for introducing; ooinlius tionnupporting grasos aliovo tlm gruton.

ln testimony twlioreof l zilliii injy sign uturo.

CHARLES l-l. CAMP.

llt)

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