US1648343A - Means for regulating steam power and heating plants - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 8, 1927.

, I o. H. HARTMANN MEANS FOR REGULATING STEAM POWER AND HEATI ING PLANTS Filed July 5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESS INVENTOH A TTORNEYS Nev. 8, 1927.

0. H.;HARTMANN MEANS .FOR REGULAT ING STEAM POWER AND HEATING PLANTS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filgd July 5, 1922 W/TNESS /& WWW

A TTORA/E 78 use either 0 Patented Nov. 8, 1927.

OTTO H. HARTMANN,

OF,GASSEL-WILHELMSHOHE, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SCHMIDTSCI-IE HEISSDAMPF-GESELLS cnnr'r M. B. 11., or GASSEL-WIL- HELMSHOHE, GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY.

MEANS FOR REGULATING STEAM POWER AND HEATING PLANTS.

Application filed July 3, 192%, Serial N0. 572,702, and in Germany July 11, 1921.

My invention relates to plants in which a steam boiler heate bined with a steam engi in which the exhaust 0 5 'lized for heating purposes.

character there are very I fluctuations in the c0 Attempts to compensate t-ions,

water s tors. permit Boilers 0 made hitherto, have f boilers hav pace,

only a relatively 1 be correspondingly low.

cumulat very expensive to constr suchaccumulators' must be 0 and even then only a low pressure volume, d for the heating steam. The best can be use results (that is, the pressur mitted for instance 30 atmospheres ors, if they are are 1 obtained if t nsump or of exhaust steam f the .type just. re

oduced, so that the pres steam (exhaust steam) willv a furnace is comne and with a device such engine is uti- In plants of this frequently wide tion of steam. for these fiuctua been based on the ing an extra large accumulaferred to our pressure of live sure Exhaust steamacto be efficient, are

uct. To be eflicient f very, large he initial pressure e at which steam is ad-.

to the engine) is as high as possible,

or more. In

this case the work that may be obtained from the steam (in the engine able even if the count heating device) is high, sure boilers necessary. 1n

a very limited therefore, are

tuations in the demand and will, in that case,

greatly uneconomical utilizatlon o gards producti ing pressure,

vary

The object of-my pres reduce,

the steam pressure in power mentioned above, particul ing with a live pheres the size of th 'in cases where their us he cost thus to sult, I

the boiler furnace as far as possible,

and heating pl or more. An

e bring down t To have .devise heating steam in such a the amount of st oses increases,

nace will be made more er-pressur water capaci very sensitive the boil ant of the character steam pressure 0 other ob ect is to reduce e exhaust steam accumulators is considere (at the but the high pres this case have but ty. Such boilers,

to wide flucfor heating steam supply live steam of which results in an f the steam as reon of power.

ent invention is to the fluctuations of er of a steam arly when operatf 30 atmos' is unavoidable and of the plant to accomplish this remanner that when eam required for heating combustion in the fur-' lively, but checked when the amount of steam required for heating purposes decreases. This may be accomplished, for instance, in a plant which includes an automatically-stoked step-grate furnace, by having a pressure-operated regulator, connected with the heating steam conduit, shift the stack-damperin accordance with the requirements of, air for supporting combustion, or, in a plant having a 'chain-. grate furnace, suchpressure-operated regulator would be arranged to increase or decrease the feed velocity of the chain-grate and, by controlling the boiler draft, to increase or decrease the amount of air for supporting combustion. By means of my improved apparatus an automatic regulation of the furnace is obtained and the efliciency of the plant will no longer depend in the vention. Fig. l is a diagrammatic arrangement of the invention as applied to anautomatically stoked step-grate furnace, parts being shown in vertical section to illustrate the internal construction; and Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating the application of the invention to an automatically stoked chain-grate furnace.

A (Fig. 1) designates a counter-pressure steam engine of i the reciprocating-piston live steam from the boiler B type, receiving by way of a pipe a. The boiler is heate by means of a furnace having a step-grate b. The exhaust steam of passes through a pipe 0 to a cross C and from there a part of the exhaust steam passes through a branch pipe 0 to a heating ap paratus C The water of condensation leaves at C Further, a part of the exhaust steam passe a branch pipe 0 to an evaporating apparatus- O The water of condensation leaves at C. The liquid to be evaporated enters the apparatus at C passes through the heating pipes 0 and leaves the apparatus as steam at C. In the pipes c and 0 stop valves 0 and a respectively are arranged. The cross C is further connected by) pipe (1 with a pressure-operated regulator lator. maycomprise a cylinder 'E- containing the engine A I s from the cross C through This regua sliding piston F exposed onone face to the pressure of the heating steam-which enters said cylinder through the pipe d, and on the other face to the pressure of'a spring e, .it being understood that the cylinder is open ,to the air on the spring side, so that the both-"sides of the piston O the connecting point G between thevlever G and the piston rod M of the servo-motor must be con sidered as fixed at first. Consequently, if the piston F is'rising, thepiston valve rod T is also taken along and th e'piston valve S 7 piston may move freely in response to ,VaBiWPensthe channels P and Q. The pressure arranged in the smo respectively.

- the spring. e.

tions in the steam pressure acting on its lower face. The piston rod f is connected;

pivotally with a lever" G, said lever bein connected operativel with the damper e flue or stack connection J of the boiler furnace. The connection of the damper with the lever G .is made by means of a chain or wire K engaging guide rollers L, L and connected with the said lever. In the present example the. transmission of the movements of the piston F of the pressure-operated regulator D to the stack-damper H is not effected directly,

but by means of a servo-motor, to permit the apparatus to be more compactly built S nel Q and the flanged outlet R -is established,

and occupy less space, of the pressure-operated regulator. For this purpose, between the chain K and the lever G, the rod M of the piston O of the servo-motor is inserted, the c linder N of which is filled with a pressure iquid- This liquid is admitted by'the channels Q and'P to the cylinder com artments located on both opposite sides 0 the piston O, or is discharged from such compartments through said channels. The channels P and Q, are controlled by a piston valve S, the rod T of which is pivotally con nected at g with the lever G, and the casing R of which is provided with a central flanged inlet R and with upper and lower flanged outlets R R for the pressure liquid.

The guide rollers L turn about stationary axes, but the roller L turns about an axis that may be adjusted up or down by means of a wire or chain U winding on a drum V rotatable about a stationary axis. By turning the crank handle W, the operator will cause the roller L to be raised or lowered and the damper H to be lowered or raised This is the manually-actuated regulator. i

.The automatic regulation of the damper H,

and therefore of the rate of combustlon in haust steam than is used for the heating apparatus C and C,

then by'this increased pressure. the piston F of the pressure regulator D is lifted against the compression of- I Owing to the fact that, as; mentioned above, the pressure is the same on of the heating steam should liquid above the piston O can be discharged by the channel P and the outlet R", whereas pressure liquid enters through the channel Q, underneath the piston O. The latter is thereby lifted, the stack-damper H is lowered by means of the chain, K and the combustion in the furnace is checked. When the piston O. is moving upwards, the point G, of course, passes into the upper position G marked by a broken line. If the pressure decrease, the spring 6 will press the piston F-down contrary to the steam pressure working upon its underside and takes" along the piston valve Thereby a connection between the chan- In the form of my invention shown in I Fig. 2 the efl'ect respect to shifting the stack-damper H is the same as in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2 the steamplant is provided with a chain- I generating grate b the feed velocity of'which is controlled by with the fluctuations of the heating steam pressure. The chain grate b is drivenjby an electric motor U by means of a belt drive (flexible gearing) -U and of a worm gear U. A two-armed switch lever V pivotally mounted at V is adapted to slide with its: 'one end over contacts V of the and is with regulating resistance V for the motor U its other end joined with the piston rod M of the servo-motor.

The arrangement described above works in the following way:

The middle position of indicated on the drawin Now, if the pressure of t e heating steam rises, the piston O of the servo-motor will rise in the manner described with reference to Fig. 1 and will lower the stack-damper H by means of the chain K. At the same time the upright arm of lever V passes from its middle position into the right end sition and thereby inserts more resistance mto the circuit for the motor U so that the latter and consequently also the chain-grate b will run slower.

F9? th s reason, the production is of the servo-motor with' the servo-motor in accordance- Thus the 1ever' V is I controlled by the movements of'the piston O.

the lever V' is I i by full lines.-

reduced. VVhen'the heating steam pressure is sinking, tlie piston of the servo-motor moves downwardly, the stack-damper H is opened more, widely and the lever V is brought into the left end position. The motor U and the chain-grate b will run faster, so that an increased steam production takes place. I a

Various modifications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention as set-forthin the appendedclaims.

I claim: t

1. In a power plant, power developing means, a boiler for supplying steam to said power developing means, a furnace for said boiler, means for controlling the rate of combustion in said furnace, a single exhaust conduit leading from said power developing means, a device for utilizing the exhaust steam, a regulator branched off the exhaust conduit, said regulator being responsive to variations in the condition-of said exhaust steam, and means for connectin said regulato'r to the combustion control ing means,

whereby the rate of combustion in said furnace is increased or decreased in accordance' with the requirements of said steam utilizing device.-

2; In a power and heating plant, a steam engine, a boiler for supplying steam to said engine, a furnace for said boiler, means for controlling the rateof combustion in said furnace, a single exhaust conduit leading from said engine, a device for utilizing the heat of the exhaust steam, a regulator.

branched off the exhaust conduit, said regulator being responsive to variations in the condition of said exhaust steam, and means for connecting said regulator to the combustion controlling means whereby the rate of combustion in said furnace is increased or decreased in accordance with the amount of exhaust steam required by said heat utilizing device.

3. In a power plant, a single power developing means, a boiler for supplying the steam to said power developing means, a furnace for said boiler, means for controlling the rate of combustion in said furnace, an exhaust conduit leading from said power developing means, adevice for utilizing the exhaust steam, a regulator branched ofi the exhaust conduit, said regulator being responsive to variations in the condition of said exhaust steam, and means for connecting said regulator to the combustion controlling means, whereby the rate of combustion in said furnace is increased or decreased in accordance with the requirements of said steam utilizing device.

4-. In a powerand heating plant, a single steam englne, a boiler-for supplying steam to said engine, a furnace for said boiler, means for controlling the rate of combustion in said furnace, an exhaust conduit leading from said engine, a device for utilizing the heat of the exhaust steam, a regulator branched off the exhaust conduit, said regulator beingresponsive to variations in the condition of sald exhaust steam, and means for connecting said regulator to the combustion controlling means, whereby the rate of combustion in said furnace is increased or decreased in accordance with the amount of exhaust steamrequired by said heat utilizing device.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. p v

' oT'roH. HARTMANN.

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