US1634601A - Distribution system for selective connections thereto of feeders - Google Patents

Description

July 5,

N. TOGAMI DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SELECTIVE CONNECTIONS THERETO OF FEEDERS Filed May 16, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l N. TOGAMI July 5, 1927.-

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR SELECTIVE CONNECTIONS THERETO OF FEEDERS Filed May 16. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July 5, 1927.

UNITED STATES NQ UFUMI TOGAMI, 0F 'saeA KEN, JAPAN.

' DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM-FOB SELECTIVE "CQNNEGTIQNS THERETQ or FEEDEBS- Application filed May 15, 1e24,. Serial no. 7153,3337.

My invention relates to a control system of an electric power distribution and more particularly to the control system of the distribution wherein several feeders or groups of feeders are controlled select vely to be connected to a main circuit.

One object my invention is to provide a control system which shall be Operated through a pair of the conductors of the main circuit, and shall require no extra pilot or control conductor.

Another object of my vinvention is to provide a control system which shallbe devoid of any uncertainty in the operation of the system due todisturbing effects resultingfrom the floating potential in the con ductor or conductors in the main circuit other than the controlling pair A still further object of my invention is to provide a control system which simple in construction and reliable in operation.

In a s ibu io sy e whe e n there are twoor more feeders or groups of feed ers to which energy may be supplied from a common inaincil'cilit and wherein it is desirable to energize one feeder or one group of the feeders, selectively controlling energization from a point where the main circuit is controlled, it, has been proposed to provide means for accomplishing the de sired selective energizing of the feeders, in which switchesot special feature are selectively operated through the conductor in the main circuit by energizing the conductors in a predeterm ned sequence. Such means i is shown. for example, in my co-pending'application, Serial No. i90,976, filed August 9, 1921. I

However, with such system, when there is connected to themain circuit a feeder, or feeders notfcontrolled' selectively in the manner-as hereinbetore described and supplyingenergy to unbalanced load, the operation of said selective means becomes uncertain or oftentimes inoperative. It, therefore, becomes necessary to provide a remedy for such a failure of the system and I propose to accomplish this by providing a means by which all conductors other than he c tro l n P ir in he main ir u t a e held at such a potential relation to each other and to saidcontrolling pairas to under-energize electric devices connected thereto, during the selective operation performed. I I

My invention will best be understood from the accompanying drawings wherein there are diagrammatically illustrated, the system of the distribution, and apparatus required forthe selective operation of the character hereinbefore mentioned,

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a system' arranged according to my invention for connecting to amain circuit selectively one or other feeder or group of feeders, while in Figs. 2 and 3 are shown the positions of control switches during the selective o eration, Fig. 4 is a similar view ofa modi cation wherein the operation is made possible to select one out of three feeders or groups of feeders, I Since the control means that is adapted for selectively connecting to amain .Cil'cuit, one out of two feeders or groups ot feeders by energizing the conductors of the main cir euit in a predetermined sequence, is described in detail in the above-mentioned application, only a brief resume thereof will ac given in the present application, refer? ence being made to the abovementioned application for the full and complete disclosure thereof.

Referring to Fig. 1, a main circuit 1 com.- prising conductors 2, Sand 4L, is adapted to be connected to asource of energy 11., by a switching means 30 and to transmit the energy to a plurality of current-consuming devices 9, 10, 9. and 10, respectively through feeders, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the supply of the energy to the feeders and 6 is controlled by switches 15 and 16,, respectively, while the selective energization of the feeders, and 8 lSCOIltlflOlled by switch 27. There is connected to the main circuit 1, another feeder 2,6, whereto the supply of the energy is not controlled by switch, such as I the switch 15-, 16 or 27, as in the case of the feeders 5, 7 or v The switch 15, is provided with an arm 17 1 adapted to swing about a pivotrpin 18. A set of contact-making devices 19 which serve to connect feeder circuit 5 to the main circuit 1, is so mounted on the arm 17 as to close the contacts 19, when the arm 17 swings in one direction from its normal position. hile the arm 17 is in its normal Pest-i n or swings there m n he 0pmsite dir cti el t ntacts 19 a k p Open,

Electromagnets 20 and 21 are adapted, actthe magnet 20 is energized, and in the opposite direction when the magnet 21 is energized.

The electromagnets 20 and 21 are provided with windings 22 and 28, respectively, and their circuits are provided with circuitbreaking devices 25. which are operated by means of the arm 17 and so arranged, while one of the windings, 22 and 23, is being energized, to maintain the other wil'iding open-circuited. The circuit-breaking devices 25 are maintained in their closed position while neither of the windings 22 and -3 is energized.

The switch 16 which is adapted to connect the feeder 6 to the main circuit, is in construction identi -al to the switch 15, but the connections of the electroinagnetwindings 22 and 23 therein are different in the following respects. The circuits of the winding 22 in the switch 15 and also of the winding 23 in the switch 16, extend between the conductors 3 and 1, and those of the winding 23 in the switch 15 and also of the winding 22 in the switch 16, extend between the colnluctors 2 and 3.

It, therefore, follows that when the conductors 2 and 3 only are energized, the switch 16 closes its contacts 19 and the winding 23 in the switch 16 becomes opencircuited, while the switch 15 is kept in its open position, the circuit of its closing magnet winding 22 are being open-circuited Finally, when the conductor is energized, the current-consuming device is supplied with energy from the source 11, through the circuits 1 and 6, while the currentconsuming device 9 is cut oil from the source of energy 11, by the switch 15.

(in the other hand, when the conductors 3 and .1-. are energized first, and finally the conductor 2, the device 9 is connected to the source of energy 11 and the device 10 remains cut oil therefrom. Such selective energization ot the conductors 2, 3 and 4,215; described hereinabove. is accomplished by simply closing in proper sequence the switches 12, 13 and 14, connecting the source of energy 11 and the conductors 2, 3 and 1 respectively.

The switches 15 and 16 may be combined into one, for example. as shown by switch 27, wherein the swinging arm is so constructed and arranged as, when it swings in one direction. to connect with the main circuit, one or the ciirrent-consuming devices 9 and 10 which are desired to operate selectively, and when it swings in the other direction, to connect with the main'circuit, the other device. The construction and the operation of the switch 27 will be obvious without further description.

The present invention contemplates the prevention of uncertainty or non-etiectiveness' in the operation on the part of the se connected to the main circuit but not controlled by selective switch like the switch 15, 16 or 27, and it the loading of such t'eeder or feeders is substantially balanced. the operation of the selective switches 15, 16 and 27, which control the connection of the other feeders to the common main circuit, is satisfactory. However, when there is a certain amount of unbalance on the loading of the Feeder 26, for instance, heavy load being connected between the conductors 2 ands and light load between the conductors 3 and 4-, the condition is equivalent to the conductors 2 and 1- being connected with a low resistance or impedance. and the conductors 3- and -11 with comparatively high resistance or impedance. Under such condition, when the conductors 2 and 3 are energized in order to operate, as illustrated hereinbe'fore, the selective switch 16 to close its contacts 19 and the selective switch 15 to keep its contacts 19 open, the desired selective operation of the switches 15 and 16 may not take place satisfactorily on account of that, because the conductors 2 and 4. are in the state of being connected with low resistance or impedance, the electron'iagnets 2t) and 21 connected between the conductors 2 and 3, and 2 and 1-, respectively, are energized substantially equally and tail to force the arm 17 to swing.

In order to provide against such failure of the system as illustrated hereinabove. I have devised a means, whereby the electromagnets which are not to operate in order to produce a desired selective operation, are held either luidercnergized, or non-cncr gized. during the selective operation. (hie ot the forms of the means is best ilhu trated by an auxiliary device which co-opcratcs with the main switching means 31. "he device comprises stationary contact members 552 and which are in engagement with the switches 12 and l t. respectively, while the switches are in their open position, but each becomes disengaged when the corresponding switch is closed.

It may be supposed to happen that, when one of the switches 12 or 14 is thrown into the position shown in Fig. 2, any synchronous or induction machines on the system 26 would be short circuited by their one phase, and if the short circuit current is quite large and continued for quite a. long period. any circuit breaker on the system 26 would open. But this is merely a failure of such kind that could not occur in a practical or commercial distribution system.

in practical. use, the feeder system 26 prodcles quite a long feeder line between the c'ontrol switch 30- and the load. The load may comprise resistances and synchronous an. induction machines. Sometimes it comprises resistance load only, in which case the failure as hereinbefore pointedout does not occur at all. \Vhenthe load comprises synchronous or induction machines only, a, comparatively high resistance or impedance of the line usually exists mainly due to a considerable'long distanceto the load, and there could not occur the short circuiting of the one phase of machines to enable the circuit breakers to open. Moreover, circuit breakers have a more or less timelimit to etfecto cration while the op eration of the controli switches iscompleted almost instantaneously, and the switch 14 in Fig. 2is promptly closed beforethe circuit breakers open. The whole system thus opcrates positively. The members 32 and 34 are both connectecl'to the conductor 3 at a point 33.

Q I When. desired, as in t Case illustrated hereinaboi c, to energize the conductors '2 and 3 in order to operate the selective switch 16 to close and the selective switch l5'to re- .main opened, the switches 12 and 13 are closed and the switch 14 left open as illustrated in Fig. 2. Then the switch 12 disengages with the contact member 32 but the I switch 14 remains in contact with the memnets connected between the conductors 3 and 4, and is obtained a satisfactory selective operation of switches 15 and 16, even under the condition of unbalanced loading of the circuit. Finally, the switch 14 is closed, its engagement with the contact member 34 being broken, as illusti'atedin Fig. 3, and then there is obtained, as desired, the selective energization from the circuit 1 tothe feeders branching therefrom, that is, to energize the circuit 16 and tokeep the circuit 15 disconnected. When desired to disconnect the circuit 16, it is required simply to open the switches 12,13 and 14. y I

Onthe other hand, when desired to energize the circuit 15 and to have the circuit 16 disconnected, the switches 13 and 14 are closed and the switch 12 is kept open while the selective operation "is performed. The operation of the selective energization of the system willhe, obvious, being similar to that in the case described hereinahove, without any further, description.

With the device as illustrated hereinhefore, it is limited to the selection of either one out of two, that is, out of two groups of feeders, to energize the first roup while the second group 1s disconnecte from the are each provided with selective switches, as 7 illustrated with switches 49, 49 and 49. The switches are identical in their construction but different in their connections to the main circuit.

There are connected to the main circuit 1,

other feeders, as illustrated by feeder which is loaded in an unbalanced manner as in the case hereinhefore illustrated.

Each of switches 49, 49 and 49" is pro- The modification is vided with a swinging arm 17 which is adapted, when it swings, to close the contacts 19 to connect the feeder controlled by the switch, to the main circuit. The arm 17 is held normally by a spring to have its contacts 19' open. In the open position, the arm 17 is adapted to maintain contact devices 45 and 46 closed, and when the arm 17-is biased by the electromagnet 20, to close the main contacts 19, the contact devices 45 and 46 are opened. each is adapted, when energized to act on its armature, to open the circuit of the magnet winding 22, and when decnergized to close the circuit.

The circuit'of the windings 22 of the main contact-closing magnets 20 in the switches 49, 49' and 49", are energized through a different pair of the conductors 2, 3 and 4, for instance, that of the switch 49 through the conductors 2 and 3, that of the switch 49 through the conductors 3 and 4 and that of the switch 49. through the conductors 2 and 4, the latter two switches being not shown in the drawing, for the sake of brevity, but identical in construction with the switch 49 and adapted to he energized from respective proper pairs of the conductors,3

Electromagnets 47 and 48,

Ill?

and 4, and 2 and 4, and having no need of illustration. The electromagnets 47 and 48 in eachof the switches 49, 49 and 49", are energized through the pairs of the conductors 2, 3 and4, other than the pair adapted to energize the electromagnet 20 in the switch.

'The circuit 1 as illustrated in Fig. 4, is adapted to be connected to the source of energy 11 by switches, 12, 13 and 14. Switches 42, 43 and 44, which are connected respectivelyflto 'three'points 52, 53 and 54, equally spaced, of a loop resistanceor impedance' 51, are adapted't'o connect the corresponding points of the resistance or impedance, when closed. respectively to the conductors 2 3 and 4 of the circuit 1. This element 51corresponds to the conductor conill) net-ting the members 32, 33 and S it in Fig. 1, but effects an additional function as hereinafter disclosed.

In the operation of the devices, when desired to close one of the selective switches 4-9, 49 and l-t), for instance the switch 49 and to maintain other switches 4:9 and 4-9, open. the switches i2, 43 and stare all closed and the switches 12 and 13, as indicated with the dotted lines, are closed to energize through the conductors 2 and 3, all magnets connected therebetween, for instance, the closing magnet 20 of the switch i9 and either of the open-circuiting magnets l7 and 48 in each of the switches t9 and 4:9".

The resistanceor impedance 51, is of such capacity as to render the effect on the main circuit 1, resulting from the unbalanced loading of the non-selective feeders, for instance, the feeder 26, negligible, or of such capacity at least as to maintain, when the switches 12 and 13 are closed, the voltages between the conductors 2 and 4-, and S and e, insuliicient for the energization of the electromagnets connected therebetween, for instance, magnets l7 and 48 of the switch a l) and magnets 20 of switches 49 and it), to perform their respective functions, even when there is unbalanced loading of such feeders like the feeder 26.

It follows, therefore. that the selective switch 4-9 closes and the switches 49 and t9" remain opened. Finally, when the switch 14: is closed and, the switches l2, l3 and ti, are opened, there'is obtained the desired selective energization of the feeders connected to the main circuit 1., without any pilot or controlling conductor other than those of the main circuit. The operation of the selective closing of the switch it) or 49', will be obvious from the illustration given herein above, without any further description.

lVith a distribution system comprising four conductors as in two-phase t wire system, it is possible. to make the selective energization of one out of six feeders branch inn from a main circuit. by proper application of my invention. The selective switches may be of construction similar to the switch es i9. i9 and 49', except with provision of an extra number of the contacts like contact 19 of electromaeuets such as magnet l? or 4:8. each for opening the circuit of vindine 20 and of the contact devices like the device in or to. each for opening the circuit of each of the electromagnets like magnet is? or stS. In this case the resistance or i1npedance device which corresponds to the resistance or impedance 5]., in Fig. may be modified as shown in Fig. 5. The resistance T1 consists of two parts with a common terminal 71" and terminals 71 and 71' at the other ends of the parts. The terminals 71. '71 and 71 are connected respectively to common terminals of the groups of switches 72, 73, 7% and 75, 72", 73", 7st and 75", and 72', 73, Tl and 75'. The other terminals of the switches 72 72 and 72' are all connected to conductor 72. those of the switches 78, 73", and 73, all to the conductor '73, those of the switches 7st, 7d", and 'H', all to the conductor 7st, and those of the switches '75, 75 and 75, all to the conductor 75. The conductors T2, 73, H and 75, that make up a mam circuit (31, are provided with switches (32, 63, Gt and, 65, respectively for the purpose of connecting the conductors to the source of energy 11.

In the operation of the last mentioned distribution system, when desired to close one of the selective switches and to have all others remain opened, in order to energize only one feeder controlled by the switch, suming that the switch desired to be closed is energized through a pair of the conductors T2 and 73, firstly, these conductors 72 and T3, are connected to the end terminals 71' and 71 of the resistance 71, by closing the switches 72 and 73. secondly, the other conductors, 7% and T5, are connected to the middle terminal 71 of the resistance by closing the switches T l" and 75". thirdly the main switches 62 and G are closed to energize the closing magnet, like magnet 20, in the selective switch which is desired to be closed and to operate electroinaenets, like magnet it? or l8, to open the circuits of the closing magnets in all other selective. switches which are desired to remain opened and finally, the connections to the resistance Tl are broken by opening the switches 7'2, 73, 7t and '75 and the remaining main switches (it and are closed. As the ca pacity of the resistance 71 is so chosen as to hold the conductors (l4; and 65, substantially at neutral potential to the conductors 62 and 33. so that the effect of the unbalanced loading of the main circuit. as illustrated in the case described relative to Fig. 1, is made iiiractically negligible. It will be obvious without any further description, that there is obtained the desired selectiie cnergixation of the feeders branching from the main circuit.

The devices described hereinabove in connection with Fig. may be modified to make applicable to the case described in connection with Fig. 4-. and may be further modified to make applicable to arses wherein the main circuit comprises more than four conductors.

Modification in the system and arrangement and location of parts may be made within spirit and scope of my invention, and such modifications are intended to be cov ered by the appended claims.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination with a main circuit ill) llltl other feeders are unbalanced.

- for 2. The combination with a main circuit comprising three conductors, a plurality of feeders, means for each of said feeders for connecting same to said main circuit, means controlling said connecting means through a pair of said conductors and a plurality of other feeders connected to said circuit, of means for holding the conductors of said main circuit other than said pair at the neutral potential between said pair of the conductors for assuring a proper operation of said controlling means even'when the load on said other feeders is unbalanced.

3. The combination with a main circuit comprising three conductors, a plurality of feeders, means for each of said feeders for connecting same to said main circuit, means for controlling said connecting means through a pair of said conductors and other feeders connected to said main circuit, of means for holding the conductor of said main circuit other than said pair at the same potential with either of said pair during said controlling means operated, so that the proper operation of said means is assured even when said other feeders are loaded in an unbalanced manner.

4. Control system comprising a source of electrical energy, a main circuit comprising three conductors, a switch for each ofsaid conductors for connecting same to said sourceof energy, a plurality of feeders, a plurality of switches, one for each of said feeders for connecting same to said main circuit, comprising a plurality of electromagnets, one for closing the feeder switch and the others for opening the circuit of said closing electro magnet, each energized through a different pair of said conductors,

, said closing electromagnet of each of said switches being energized through a different 'pair of said conductors, whereby selective closingof said switches is obtained by energizing through aproper pair of said conductors, andm'eans for so undereenergizing electromagnets other than those energized through said proper pair of the conductors as to render them inoperative.

5. Control system comprising a source of electrical energy, a main circuit comprising three conductors, a switch for each of said conductors for connection thereof to said source of energy, a plurality of feeders, a

plurality of switches, one for each of said feeders for connection thereof to said main circuit, comprising a plurality of electromagnets, one for closing the feeder switch and the others for opening the circuit of said closing electromagnet, each energize through a different pair of said conductors said closing electroi'nagnet of each of said switches being energized through a different pair of said conductors, whereby selective closing of said switches is obtained by energizing through a proper pair of said conductors, and a resistance device adapted to be so connected to said conductors as to un' der-energize said electromagnets other than those energized through said prop-er pair of the conductors.

three conductors, a switch for each of said conductors for connection thereof to said source of energy, a plurality of feeders, a plurality of switches, one for each of said feeders for connection thereof to said main circuit, comprising a plurality of electromagnets, one for closing the feeder switch and the others for opening the circuit of said closing electromagnet, each energized through a different pair of said conductors, said closing electromagnet of each of said switches being energized through a different pair of said conductors, whereby selective closing of said switches is obtained by energizing through a proper pair of said conductors, and an impedance device adapted to be so connected to said conductors as to under-energize said electromagnets other than those energized through said proper pair of the conductors.

7. Control system comprising a source of electrical energy, a main circuit comprising three conductors, a switch for each of said conductors for connection thereof to said source of energy, two groups of feeders, a plurality of switches, one for each of said feeders for connection thereof to said main circuit, comprising a plurality of electro magnets, one for closing the feeder switch and the other for opening the circuit of said closing electroinagnet, each energized through a different pair of said conductors, said closing electromagnets for the switch for a group of said feeders beingenergized through a pair of said conductors and those for the switches for the other groups of feeders through another pair of said conductors, whereby selective connection of said two groups of feeders is obtained by energizing through a proper pair of said conductors, and means to connect the conductor common to the pairs of conductors for energizing of feeder switch closing magnets, to either of other conductors.

NQBUFUMI TOGAMI.

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