US1630482A

US1630482A - Apparatus for removing dust from precipitator electrodes

Info

Publication number: US1630482A
Application number: US55431A
Authority: US
Inventors: Gordon B Forbes
Original assignee: American Smelting and Refining Co
Current assignee: American Smelting and Refining Co
Priority date: 1925-09-10
Filing date: 1925-09-10
Publication date: 1927-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 1944-05-31

Description

May 31 1927.

G. B. lr-'cmxas K APPARATUS FOR REMOVING DUST FROM PRECIPITATOR ELECTRODES y Filed Sept. 1Q. 1925.

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ASSGNOB, T MEERAN SMEKITXN@ AND/ REFHUIG UMEPANY, Ulm' NEUW' TUER, hl'. Y., .d CORPORATXOIN Q35 NEW JERSEY.

.alclme'ls FOR. ltEllIOtlNtt D'Ulal application ated september lll/ily` present invention relates to apparatus fer use in connection with apparatus which ln the apparatus of my present invention and closing the duct.

automatic means are provided for stopping the flow of gases laden with dust past such precipitated electrodes, for opening and closing the high tension circuit of said electrodes, and for rendering operative and inoperative vibrators for jarring saidelec# trodes, and for successively vibrating different sets of said electrodes.

llii the precipitating apparatus and oontrol apparatus therefor according to my inventien there is comprised a duct in which are `positimned successively a number of sets of precipitating apparatus comprising cooperating electrodes connected to a high tensicn electric source such as is exemplified in the usual electrostatic precipitator. Each of said vsets comprises a series of spaced apart grounded plate electrodes and a set of spaced apart wire. electrodes in repose between the said plate electrodes and connected to a source of high tension electric ciu;- rent one side of which is grounded. Each precipitating apparat-us is providedA with vibratois for its electrodes such as electric vibrators or air hammers. Across thesaid duct is provided a set of dampers for Open- An electric switch is pipvided for each set of precipitators for opening and closing the high tension circuit thereof. For controlling this apparatus, to open and close said duct, and

to successively electrically disconnect the 'said precipitator sets and vibrate them l provide a clock adapted to make an electrical contact at a predetermined time for rendering operative in a manner hereinafter fully described the vibrating apparat-us, and for opening and'closing the duct dempers, and for maintaining said vibrator apparatus operative for a predetermined period of time after which the vibrating apparatus is rendered inoperative. The electric circuit opened by said clock is'connected to an electric motor which drives a reduction worm and gear for rotating a camshaft and a series of cams attached thereto for operating a series of valves included in a pneumatic system. The pneumatic System controls said electric circuits, said sets of vibrating ap-A iaiaat. sei-iai ire. taller.

paratus, and said dampers as hereinafter4 fully described.

ln the accompanying drawing Fig. 1

shows an embodiment of my invention com- Jfor controlling said pneumatic means, and f a time clock for controlling the circuit to said electric motor for rendering it active at predetermined. intervals for predetermined periods of time; and

Fig. 2 illustrates a type of air hammer which may beemployed for vibrating the electrodes.

ln the following description and in the claims parts will be identified by specific names for convenience, but they are intended to be as generic in'their application to similar parts as the art will permit.

ln the drawing the duct 10 serves for transmission of dust-laden gases from which it is desired to precipitate said dust, for example, the flue gases from a zinc smelting furnace from which it is desired to precipitate valuable metal particles and particles of metal solids which would otherwise pass out with the exhaust frases and be lost. ln said duct are mounted three banks of high tension electrodes l2 and 14 which are connected to respective sources of high jtension electric current 16, the electrodes 12 being grounded, the electrodes 14 being connected through the respective switches 19,

'20 and 21 toene side of said source, thc

other side of said source being grounded. Said electrodes 12 are preferably plates and the electrodes 111 are preferably Wires, interposed between tlie spaced apart electrodes 12. Said electrodes 12 are mounted on and electrically connected to the ground through the supporting rail 22 and the electrodes 14 are mounted to the rail 24 which alsoA serves as their'electric connection to one source of the high tension electric circuit.

ln operable relation to said rail 22 is the air hammer 3() adapted to vibrate said lelectrodes 12 through hammering on said rail 22. Likewise in operable relation to said `cylinders 53, ft

rail 24 is the air hammer- 32 adapted to vibrate electrodes 14. At one end of duct is aset of shuttersfor dempers 36adapted for movement by means of the rod 38 to be opened a'nd closed to permit or prevent the passage of gases through said duct 104. On said shaft 38 is mounted the piston ll() which operates in the double ended cylinder whereby said rod 38 is Vadapted to be moved to one limiting position by piston l0l in cylinder 4 2 to close said dampers and at the other limit of movement to open said shutters Connected to each of said lswitches 19, and 21.are piston rods 50 carrying pistons 52 which operate in the and 65 respectively and which are operable to open said switches,

i' said switches being normally held closed by tension springs 56 which are mounted between said piston and the top of'said cylinders.

The air hammer may be constructed as shown in Fig. 2, wherein' the standard 250' supports the hammer lbyA means of the lnacke-ts2.52,A 25-land 256. Said bracket 256 carrieslvan auxiliary piston 258 which operates within the auxiliary cylinder 260 mounted at the top ot' hammer 30. Between the upper surface of said bracket 254 and the lower surface of'a flange 262secu1ed to the top of cylinder 260 the compression spring 261 is mounted, which tends to move upwardly said cylinder 260 and hammer 30 to which itis attached. The air pressure pipe 270vwl1ich isV supplied withiavalve (not shown) connects through a duct 272 extending through piston 258 into the space between said piston-258 and said cylinder.

2G() and :from sa-idspace intosaid gun 30,

-in a manner well known in the art.- Upon the, admission of air pressure 1nto the gun through said pipe 270 the cylinder 260,and gun propel' 3() are moved downwardly to their lowermost position against the tension oi' spring 264- acting between flange 262 and saidluaelmt 254.' In this position the hit 248 is broughtA into operating relation with said rail and in 4which position said gun 30 through the operation `of its piston causes the bit 248`to hammer on said rail 22.

1u the operation ol' the apparatus: the air hammers 3() serve to deliver a series of rapid blows to the

vbars

22 and 24, which support respectively the plate. electrodes 12 and the wire electrodes 14. Through such blows on hars 22 and 24e said

electrodes

14 and 16 are shaken free of any -dust which has settled and accumulated on them andl which in excessive accumulations causes considerabletrouble through weighting down the'electrode apparatus, short circuiting them and.

reducing the elliciency of the precipitating apparatus by cutting down the high tension electrostatic etlects necessary Jfor elective precipitation.

. inclusive connect jwith through the

pocket valves

76, 78, 80, 82, 84,186, 88 and 90 whose respective stems cylinder'260 is moved against spring 261-` into operating relation with said rail 22 in which position it delivers rapid blows to said rail through bit 248. Upon release of air pressure from pipe 270 the spring 261 operates to carry the hammer 30 and its bit 248 out of contact with the bar 22 which is connected to the high tension circuit and to such a distance therelifm as to preclude breakage'of current therebetween.

' For controlling the operation of the said

air hammers

30 and 32, and said

cylinders

42, 53, 54 and 55 for the operation of the dampers 36 and electric switches 19, 2O and 2l there is provided the manifold 60 which is connected to an air pressure source through thepipe 62 and which manifold is comprised of three principal parts, namely, the pressure chamber (Srl, the feed port chambers 65, G6, 67, (38, 69, 70, 71, and 72 which respectively connect to the damper opening side of cylinder 42, the chamber closinglside of cyli11de142, the switch operatingiccylinder 53, the air hammersin the Athird bank o'f treater electrodes, the switch hammersin theiirstbank of treater electrodes, said air feed chambers Vl'lto 72 said chamber (Se ext-end through the respective bottoms of said chambers and through the bott/oms of corresponding discharge chambers 94 96,

98, 100, 102, 104, 10G, and 108 respectively i and into contact with respective cams for their operation in a manner hereinafter fully described.

y Between the bottom of lsaid manifold G0 and a lshoulder on each of said pocket valve -stems there is mounted compression spring 110 which tends to keep its respective valve 1n closed position. Each of said chambers to 72 inclusive connects with its correspohding discharge chamber through correspending pocket valves 112, 113, 114,115, 11G, 117, 118 and 119 respectively, whose stems extend through the bottom of said manifold :Mesones 66 and into contact with operating cams to be hereinafter fully described. .el sprintr 126 is mounted between the' bottom of sai manifold and 'a shoulder on the end of each of said stems to hold 'the "valves in the closed position. 1n operable relation with said pocket valve stems 'andmountedon the cam shaft 130 are cams 131, ,132, .133, 134, 135, 13e, 137, 13e, 133, im, nu, iis, 133, 144, 145, and 146, which engage the stems of the following' respective pocket valves 76, ne, te, n3, e0, 114i, 32, iis, 83,113, es, 11T, 66, 113, 99, 119. 0n one end of said cam shaft is'mounted the reduction gear 150 which cooperates with the worm 152 mounted on the shaft 154 of theelectiic motor 156. 1n the mains 160 of said electric motor 156 is mounted the time switch 162 which in a. manner well knownin the -art is de signed to close the circuit of said motor 156 at given intervals of time, for example, at intervals of one hour and to hold the circuit closed for a given period of time, for example, for one minute, during which the motor and its nears 150 and 152 are designed to rotate said s aft 130 and the cams thereon through one complete revolution.

r111e operation of the dust precipitating apparatus, and the shutters in the gas conduit and of the electric switches in the high tension circuits of the three banks of recipitator electrodes is designed, to take p ace within this given interval of one minute or any other predetermined interval, and in the following order of operation.

Duringthe normal operation of the precipitators the dampers 36 are open,"the

electric switches

19, 20 and 21 are cl'osed,`the air hammers 3() and 32 are inactive, and all of 'the pocket valves are ina closed positionl being so held by their

respective springs

110 or 120, the cams of said shaft 13D-being' in a proper position to permit such closure of said pocket valves. Upon rotation of said shaft 130 cam 133 operates said pocket valve 78 to allow air under pressure to pass from the pressure chamber 64 to chamber 66 and a suitable conduit into the top side of said cylinder 42 whereupon said piston 42 is actuated to close said dampers 36. Aits the movement is continued valve 112 is opened to permit movement of air from the bottom side of cylinder 42 out through its conduit and through pressure chamber 65 into ezihaust chamber 94. The cam 143 then opens pocket valve 38 to apply air pressure to cylinder 55 which actuates to open switch 21. flifter the opening of said switch 21, cam 145 opens valve 90 and applies air pressure to' the air hammers 30 and 32 of the hrst bank of electrodes for shaking dust from

electrodes

12 and 14 of that bank. Cam 145 then permits the correspondingl spring 110 to close said valve 90; and stop the operation of said irst bank of air hammers.

lai

Cam 146at this time opens valve 119 to permit the escape of the air trapped under pressure to the chamber 108 whereupon said hammers 30 and 32return to their 'normal position ata predetermined distance fromy said electrodes. Said valve 119 remains open until talve 90 is again closed. At this time ycam 143 permits the closure of s aid valve 86h37 its corresponding spring 110 Whereupo'nfthe spring 56 in cylinder 55 closes said electric switch 21 and renders the rst bank 'of precipitating electrodes again operative.

Cam 144, then opens valve 113 to allow the pressure to be relieved Afrom said cylinder l 55 and this valve remains open until valve 88'is again open.

1n like manner valve 84 is opened to allow air pressure to cylinder 54 to open switch 20, whereupon valve 86 is opened to allow air pressure to the air hammers 30 and 32 of the second bank of electrodes from the cham- In like

manner cams

135, 136, 137, 138, operating valves 80, 82, 114and 115 open switch 19 to operate

hammers

30, 32 of the first bank of electrodes and'to again close saidswitch 19, valves 114 and 115 remaining open until their corresponding valves and 32 are again opened.

At this point cam 133 permits the closure of valvev 78 by its spring 110 and valve 113 is opened by its cam 134. Cam 131 now opens valve 76 and valve`112 is closed by its corresponding spring 120 through ermission of` its cam 132. Air pressure nov'T eing applied to the bottom side of piston 40 it is moved upwardly and said dampers 36 'are again opened. lDuring this movement of piston 40 exhaust from the upper part of cylinder 42 is permitted through its conduit and through chamber 66 and valve 113 to the exhaust chamber 96, said valve 113 remaining openuntil valve 78 is again open. At this point the cam shaft completes its revolution and cam 131 permits the` spring 110 to close the -valve 76 leaving the dampers 36 open and at continues until operation of the jarring ap- 1 paratus is again commenced at the end of the predetermined interval.

While I have shown and described and have pointed out in the annexed claims certain novel features of my invention, it will be understood that Various omissions, sub- `circuit thereof, means or delivering a series ofrapid blows to the electrodes thereofl for shaking Aaccumulated dust therefrom, and autoinaticmeans' for successively opening said switch, renderingoperative said blow delivering incaiis, rendering inoperative said blow deliveringI nieans. and for again closinfi l v l D D said electric switch. i, 211i combination with a plurality of banks of electrodes of a high tension pre-- Acipitating apparatus of theusual type, a

switch in the circuit of each bank, means for deliveringa series of rapid blows to theelectrodes of each of said banks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom, automatic means for successively opening the switch of a gi ven bank,v rendering operative the blow deli\'ering',ineaii`s thereof, rendering inoperative said blow delivering means, again clossaid electric switch` and for regulating the switch and blow delivering means 'of each of said banks in the above given order one bank after the other, i

.ln combination with a plurality of 4banks of electrodes of a high tension precipitating apparatus of the usual type, a

switch inthe cii'cuit of each bank, means for delivering a series of rapid blows to the elec trodes ofeachof said banks for shaking aciliiiiiiliited dust therefrom, automatic means for successively opening the switch of a given bank, `rendering operative the blow delivering iiieansthereof, `rendering inoperative said blow delivering ineansagain clos ing said' electric switch, for regulating the switch and blow delivering 'means of each of said banks. in the above given order one bank al'tcr the other. aiu-l for leaving all,the jarringr apparatusinoperative and all the switches closed alter aA complete cycle of operation of the apparatus of the series of banks.

4; In combination with a fume conduit, av

damper operablefo'r opening and closing said conduit, a bank of electrodes of a high tension precipitatingapparatus of the usual type, a switch in the ci rcuit, thereof, meansl for delivering a series ofrapid blows to said electrodes for shaking accumulated dust therefrom`v and automatic means for successively closing;l said damper, openingsaid switch, rendering operative said blow delivering means, for rendering inoperative said blow delivering means, for again closing said electric switch, and for opening said damper.

'opening said switch, rendering operative said blow delivering means, rendering inoperative saidblow delivering means, and for again closing said `electric switch.

(S. ln -coiiibin-.ition with a plurality of banks ol electrodes of a high tension dust precipitating apparatus of the usual type, a switch in 'thc circuit of each bank, means for delivering a series of rapid blows to the electrodes of each of said banks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom, and automatic 'means for controlling the apparatus on each of said banks successively in the following manner and order, opening the switch of a given bank, rendering operative the blow delivering means thereof, renderingl inoperative said blow delivering means, and closing the electric switch of said bank.

In combination with a plurality ol banks of electrodes of a Vhigh tension dust precipitating apparatus of the'usual type, a

switch in the circuit of each bank, means,

for delivering` a series ofrapid blows to the electrodesot each of said banks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom and automatic means operative at predetermined intervals for controlling the apparatus on each of said banks successively in the following manner and order, opening the switch of a given bank, rendering operative the blow delivering means thereof, rendering inoperative said blow delivering means, and closing the electric switch of said bank.

8.111 combination with a plurality ot` banks of electrodes of a high tension dust precipitating apparatus of the usual type. a switch in the circuit of each bank, means for delivering a series of rapid blows to the elec ,trodes of each of said banks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom, the blow dcliver ing nieansoii one of said banks having means operative automatically upon the rendering operative and inoperative of the blow deliveringl means to move it into and out of operati ve relation to its respective electrodes, and automatic means for controlling the appa ratiis on cach of said banks successively in the following manner and order, opening the switch of a given bank, rendering operative the blow delivering nicans thereof, rendei ing inoperative said blow delivering means, and'closing the electric switch of said bank.

9. In combination with a plurality of banks of electrodes of a high tension electric precipitating apparatus ofthe usual type, 4a

switch in the circuit of each bank, incans delivering means to n'iove it into and out of c operative relation to its respective electrodes, and automatic means operative at predetermined intervals for controllingwtlie apparat-us on each'of said banks successively in the followingn Amanner and order, opening the switch `of'a ,given bank, rendering,V operative `the blow delivering means thereof, rendering inoperative said blow deliveringmeans, and closing the electric switch of said bank.

10, In combination with a plurality of banks of electrodes of a high tension electric precipitating' apparatus of the usual type. a switch in the circuit of each bank, means for delivering a series of rapid blows to the electrodes of each of said banks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom, the blow deliveringr means of one of said banks having' means operative automatically upon the ren dering operative and inoperative ofthe blow delivering means to move it into and out of,

operative -relation to its respective electrodes, and automatic means comprising a source of air pressure, a set of valves in a piping system thereof, cams for operating ,said valves, means for operating said cams,4

a time clock for controllingr said operating means, and pressure operated means connected to said valves and respectively to said switches and said blow delivering means for controlling the apparatus on each of said banks successively in the following manner and order, opening the switch of a given bank, renderingoperative the blow deliver ing means thereof, rendering inoperative said blow delivering means,` and closing the electric switch of saidvbank. i

11. Incombination with a plurality of banks of electrodes of a high tension electric v precipitating apparatus of the usual type, a switch in t-lie circuit of each bank, means for delivering a series ofrapid blows to the elec.

ti'odes of'eacli of saidbanks for shaking accumulated dust therefrom, the blow deliveringmeans of one of said banks having means operativeautomatically upon the ren-l dering operative and inoperative of the blow delivering means to move it into and out of operative relation to its respective electrodes, and automatic means comprising a source of air pressure, a set of valves in a piping system thereof, cams for operating said valves, means for operating' said cams, a time clock for controllingy said operating means, and pressure operated means connected to said valves and respectively to said Switches and said blow delivering means operative at predetermined intervals for controllingthe apparatus on each of said banks successively in the following manner and order, openmyliand.

- GORDON B. FORBES.