US1620239A - Art of paper-ware manufacture - Google Patents

Description

March 8,1927 1,620,239

H. B. SMITH ART OF PAPERWARE MANUFACTURE Original Filed April 1. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 1N VE N TOR A TTORNE ys March 8,1927. 1,620,239

- H. B. SMITH ART OF PAPERWARE MANUFACTURE Original Filed April 1'. 1922 4 sheets sheet 2 lllH March 8, 1927. H. B. SMITH ART OF PAPERWARE MANUFACTURE Original Filed April 1. 19 22 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNE Y5 INVENTOR March 8, 1927. I 1,620,239

H-. B. SMITH ART OF PAPERWARE MANUFACTURE Original Filed April 1. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR flan: 5710 77111 1: 2101271 A TTORNE VS boards in general use.

Patented Mar. 8, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' .HARRY BRIDGMAN SMITH, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO LIGHTSHIP CLOTH BOARD CORPORATION, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ART OF PAPER-WARE NIANUFACTURE. 1

Application am April 1, 1922, semi iiel 548,625. Renewed July 29, 1926.

invention relates to improved and economical methods of producing hollow, or flattened tubular, articles composed large ly or entirely of fibrous sheet materlal, such articles when made in suitable proportions being especially adapted for use as cloth boards, that is, cores or centers upon WlllCll various cloths and other fabrics are wound for shipment, exhibition and sale, the center or core with the fabric wound upon 1t forming the well-known fabric bolt of commerce. In a more articular sense the invention' relates to wliat I term for convenience a continuous method of producing articles of this character.

There are two general classes-of cloth One is a substantially solid board made of one or more pieces of wood, pulp, or multiple layers of cardboard or pulp-board, and the other 1 s an approximately hollow board, the more inexpensive ones of which usually cons1st of a wooden frame covered with paper. l he latter class of boards is more especially adaptable for the winding of fine fabrics such as expensive silks and the like. @uch a board is considerably lighter than a solid board of similar dimensions; it is relatively thick so that ample space is afforded for end labels, which are usually essential, it may be made with rounded longitudinal edges, and since i it is usually covered with paper, a smooth finish is provided which avoids injury to fine fabrics.

My invention relates to the production of boards of the general class just above describe-d, these being known in the trade as flapper boards, and provides for contlnuously advancing com onent materials and shaping them lnto 0 0th board form and then severin the combined materials at regular intervals to produce cloth boards of the desired len ths,'after which when necessary or desirab e, the 0 en ends of the tubular boards are closed y plugs, and other finishing operations are erformed whenever necessary, as sufiicient y explained hereafter. This method is believed to be entirely new in the production of cloth boards or other articles of this class;

Described in generalte'rms, the continuous production method in one specific example consists in advancing suitable sheet body forming material from a roll; treating the sheet mater al with strengthening, hardening or stiffenmg agent or material, as sufconnection with the product, and further explained hereafter; advancing reinforcing strips from rolls; adhesively conditioning the' reinforcing strips, and then applying them in properly spaced relation to the main sheet or strip; then turning over side portions of the body strip substantially along the line of the reinforcing strips a'nd shaplng, pressing or molding these combined reinforcing and body portions to form the rounded edges of the board, bringing together the free edges of the body strip and overlapping the margins thereof, one marmethod and the product. After considering these, it will be understood that many variaficiently indicated in a general way above in tions may be made within the principles of the invention, and I contemplate the employment of any performances of ,the process which are properly within the scope of the appended claims.

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective, diagrammatic view .sufiiciently representing one performance of the method.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a forming guide or mandrel suitable for employment in the method.

Figure 3 is a transverse section of the materials at an intermediate stage of board formation.

Figure 4 is a transverse section showing mainly ,the means for advancing the mate I rials or assembly.

Figure5 is a plan view, showingv materials advancing in the performance of the continuous production method. in modified form, adopted for a different cloth-board structure.

Figure 6 is an elevation of the same. Figure 7 is a section of a completed board body'at 7,7, Fig. 5.

Fi ure 8 is a perspective view of a com plete cloth board parts brokemaway.

Figure 9 isa perspective view of one form in one form, with some 10 of reinforcement or end plug.

Fi ure 10 is a transverse section of the boar Q Figure 11 is a pers ective view of another form of board bo y, shown in this case 15 without reinforcements or end plugs.

Figure '12 is a transverse section of the same. p v Figure 13 is a detail enlarged view of the same form of construction.

Representative or typical forms of the cloth boards will first be described to enable the production methods .to be fully understood. Figures 8, 9 and 10 sufficiently illustrate one desirable form of the board in which the principal part or shell] df-the tubular board body B consists of suitable sheet material, usually fibrous material such as cardboard, or even in some cases a fairly stiff grade of paper may be employed. ,In

the present specific example, the shell con-- sists of a single sheet 1 of cardboard of moderate thickness, and in certain cases this is desirably treated with a hardening, stiffening or strengthening agent or material; for example, the sheet may be coated on one side with a suitable glue or glue-size or surface-coated or impregnated with a solution of sodium silicate which is afterward properly dried. The longitudinal edges or margins of she et 1 are suitably connected, this connection being in the present instance "by overlapping and adhesively securing the margins 2 and 3. The body is in flattened tubular form, that is, it com rises relatively long, flat sides 4 and 5 of su and more or less rounded edges 6, these edges being very desirably, as shown in this particular example, of semi-cylindrical form.

The longitudinal edgesof the body are reinforced, and the reinforcements consist in the present instance of'strips"? of suitable fibrous sheet material, such as cardboard, of suitable strength and stiffness. These strips have central portions conformin to 'f the curved shape of the edges 6, an usually have marginal portions 8 extending more or less outward along the flat body sides 4 and 5, and these reinforcements are adhesively secured, usually entire engaging faces.

Reinforcementsin the form of plugs are desirably inserted at one or along the length of the tubular body. In

many cases it is only necessary to provide these reinforcements at the ends, and they stantial width,-

by glue applied over themore places plug or reinforcement 10 are then naturally referred to as end plugs.

One such reinforcement or plug 10 is shown in Fig. 9. This is built up of a plurality of strips or laminations 11, which may conveniently be" cardboard or other sheet or fibrous materiahsince in a factory devoted to the manufacture of fibrous sheets and articles a considerable'amount of cardboard scrap will accumulate which may be advantageously usedforthe production of these reinforcements; and the reinforcements or plugs may therefore be produced at a very low or negligible cost for material. Otherwise the reinforcements may be .of molded ulp or cellulose stock, or may be of wood cut to the desired shape. Two of these plugs are shown in position within the ends of the board in Fig. 8, and adhesive has been properly applied to the engaging surfaces before the plugs are inserted,and they are therefore-in this instance adhesively secured in position, although in some cases it is practicable to secure them by means such as tacks or staples driven through the sheath or body. The completed article is of rectangular form, usua y; relatively long and narrow and relatively thin in relation to its width, although it must have substantial thickness so that the ends, which areexposed substantially flush with the fabric when the board is inposition at the center of a bolt of cloth, provide ample surface for the application of a suitable label, and also so that the article conforms in general dimensions and appearance to the standard form of boards which are acceptable for certain purposes of thetextile trades.

The structure requires a very small amount of material, so that there is an immense saving in the way of paper or other fibrous stock required. It is remarkably stiff and strong, and in fact exhaustive tests have proved that it is amply able to resist any strain which is put upon it in use, especially in transverse directions. The edge reinforcements are amply sufficient to prevent breaking or crushing of theedges in any proper or ordithe board. In fact, the article complies with the strictest requirements of the trade, and in addition is exceedingly inexpensive con sidered merely from the standpoint of structure andi the amountand nature of material required. i H

While the end plugs or reinforcements above mentioned are in very many cases entirely sufficient, whenever it is necessary or desirable additional reinforcements may be provided. For example, in Fig. 8 another is shown in position midway the length of the board. This jury to fabrics which may be wound upon lug has been coated with glue and inserted of cardboard or other suitable sheet material,

cooperating with external or edge reinforcing strips 16 which are substantially similar to the strip 7 previously described, except that they serve in the present instance primarily to join the main or facing sheets 15 by means of the overlapping adhesively secured margins 17. Additional strips, or outer reinforcements 18 are also desirably provided, consisting in this instance of strips of material narrower than the strips 16, being incompleted form substantially semicylindrical in form and having their edges 19 closely fitting or abutting against the longitudinal edges of the main sheets '15. These strips 18 are adhesively secured to the underlying surface of the strips 16. In some cases the body structure is completed by edge bind ing strips 20 of suitable sheet material, such as paper of suitable quality, or fabric, thesev strips usually having margins 21 extendlng inward toward the line of intersection ofthe reinforcing strips 18 and main sheet 15, and these binder strips are also adhesively secured. End plugs or other reinforcements may be inserted in this tubular body, as in the previous example, and when necessary or desirable the ends may be additionally bound or finished by binding strips 22, adhesively applied; I

A great many other variations may obviously be made in the structure. For instance, the main body wall or shell may be composed in some instances of two or more plies of material with suitable reinforcements at the edges.

One such structure is sufiiciently shown in Fig. 5 (at the right) and Fig. 7. The tubular board body B is composed of two layers of sheets 60' and 61, arranged so that the longitudinal edges of each sheet abut each other, as at 6263, 6465, and a marginal portion of one sheet, such as the part 66. of sheet 61, overlaps margin 67' of sheet 60. Adhesive is supplied between the contacting surfaces of the sheets including margins 66 and 67, and the adhesive connection of these margins is a sufiicient joint or bond to retain the body in tubular form, although additional reinforcement can be supplied along this joint if necessary or desirable. Edge reinforcing strips 68 are adhesively secured to inner surfaces of sheet 60. There is thus provided in .a simple way additional shell-wall thickness to provide exceptional strength and durability,

withoutsacrifice of the resiliency and flexib1l1ty within suitable limits, inherent in the structure.

For man classes of service, however, a multl-ply s ell is unnecessary, and as it is usually desirable to keep the amount of material down to the minimum for the sake of economy, in a great many cases a single main shell body sheet is sufiicient, as above explained. I

1 Edge binding strips such as 20, Fig. 12, may be applied to t e boards of Fig. 8, to provide an especially smooth and safe edge surface for very delicate fabrics, or for other purposes. Many other variations will occur provided by the present invention because J of the fact that the structures as above described are adaptable for ver economical production methods, and especially methods which I call continuous as distinguished from ordinary processes of cutting out separate blanks and folding them up and pressing them into the desired shapes, in box production and other classes of paper-ware man ufacture. A typical example of such a continuous method, suitable for production of the tubular board bodies of Fig. 8, will now be described.

In Fig. 1, the sheet body material 1 of Fig. 8 is provided in the form of a roll 30,

and the material is continuously advanced from this roll. Omitting for the present operations performed in some cases between the point where the sheet 1 leaves the roll 30 and the point where it is associated with reinforcing strips, the reinforcing strips 7 are provided in the form of rolls 31 and 32, and these strips are also continuously advanced from the rolls and brought into engagement with the main strip 1 at points properly spaced inward from the edges of the strip. Before the assembly engagement of the respective strips, adhesive is supplied in any suitable Way, for example by running the strips 7 over glue rolls 33 so that their under surfaces are glued, and then the strips 1 and 7 are run together between pressing rolls 34 and 35. The materials, which are now in a form which. may be conveniently designated as a sheet or strip assembly, are continuously advanced and by suitable means shaped into tubular form, and during this shaping the edge formation 6, as shown in the t pical structure of Fig. 8, is obtained, and nally the edge margins of the sheet 1 are overlapped and secured and individual board bodies B produced by cutting the assembly transversely at regular intervals. It should be understood that the word con tinuous as applied to the production method does not necessarily mean uninterrupted All llta

order of certain of the method steps may also be varied considerably, and no importance is attached to the order of operations except where a certain operation must necessarily edges, 2

be performed after certain other ones.

Beyond the point of initial assembly adjacent to they rolls 34 and 35, one of the side margins which is to form the longitudinal joint is adhesively conditioned, for instance adhesive is applied to the under surface of margin 3 of sheet 1 by glue roll 36. Beyond this point the assembly cooperates with a former or mandrel 38 carried by suitable supports 39. This mandrel comprises a. frame or plate 38, and along margins of this plate are arranged portions ofa pipe 39 which has the desired contour of the board 1rd steam is circulated through this pipe, or any other suitable heating means is provided, so that when necessary or desirable heat may be employed in connection with pressure to produce the desired edge formation.

The assembly materials which are to be edge-formed have had moisture supplied in the form of the lue applied to the under surface of strips and in many cases this amount of moisture, together with the natural setting capacity of the glue, is suificient for the forming or molding operation. lVhenever necessary or desirable, however, additional moisture may be supplied to the strips or the sheet edge along the lines of edge formation to assist in the molding or forming operation.

At a suitable point in the outer margins or side portions 5 of the main strip 1 are gradually turned or folded up about the mandrel, suflicient means for this purpose being indicated in the form of angularly arranged rollers 40, and of course addi tional rollers or guide plates may be pro videdfor this purpose as may be necessary. Finally the side portions 5 are brought down nearly parallel with the upper surface of the mandrel, as best shown in Fig. 3; and at about this point concaved edge pressing rollers 41 are applied'to-the outer edge surface of the assembly and the combined strips 1 and 7 are pressed and bent to proper form about the mandrel. At the same time, heat may be supplied by the pipe 39", so that the moisture supplied is dried out and the glue i set and the edge formation made permanent. Of course the length of the mandrel over which the assembly passes in the edge forming operation may be as long as necessary to produce the desired result, and the number of pressing or forming devices such as rollers 41 may be multiplied as necessary. I ,7

In the described steps, the margins 2 and 3 have been overlapped as shown in Fig. 3,

and they are now pressed together to insure adhesive engagement, for instance by an outer pressing roll 42 cooperating with a small roll 43 inserted in the mandrel. If necessary or desirable, a supporting roll 44 may be arranged below roll 43 and of course exterior to the lower face of the main sheet.

Various means may be provided for advancing the materials against retarding effect of the various forming devices. The assembly when in complete tubular form is, at a point beyoiid the roller 42, quite flexible, especially in its central portions; that is to say, the central portions of the main together without any injury to the assem-. bly, and when released they will spring back substantially to the proper tubular form. This fact is taken advantage of to pass the assembly at a point beyond the roll 42 between two feed rolls 46 and 47 which are pressed together, as sufiiciently indicated by spring 48 (Fig. 1), and are connected as by gears 49, and either of the roll shafts 50 and 51 may be driven in any convenient way. A very positive feed pull is thus imparted to the continuous assembly, sutficient to pull it along over the mandrel. Any other suitable feed arrangements may be employed.

The cut-oft is made at a point beyond the rolls 46 and 47 and in the present instance the cutting device 55 is a rotary circular knife which is moved bodily along with the assembly at certain intervals, so that it travels at assembly speed, and then it is moved transversely across the assembly to sever the individual bodies B, after which the knife is retracted and then returned in the direction of its axis and the actions are repeated indefinitely. Any suitable cut-oif mechanism may be used.

It will now be understood that by advancing materials in the continuous manner described, the bodies may be made by automatic machinery, very rapidly and cheaply, and the only further operation necessary is the insertion of the transverse reinforcements ,or end pieces.

The showing in a diagrammatic way of.

amechanism for carrying out the method does not, of course, preclude its being performed by hand or by the aid of separate mecha- -nisms or simple implements wherever the sheets or faces 4 and 5 may be easily pressed i machines.

I materials,

A strengthening, stiffening or-rhardening agent or com ition ma be applied to the suc as the sheil sheet, at any corivenient point in the process. For, example, this treatment or application may be made after the sheet leaves the roll and before it is associated with the reinforcing strip 7. -When the strengthening material min the form of a glue 'or glue-size, 'or other substance of a li uid or viscous character, it may be brushe on or otherwise applied to one or both surfaces of the sheet, and in fact the method of application of this stren hening material may be varied within.

" wide imits.

In Fig. 1a method of application of such material is shown which is adapted to' impregnating the sheet 1 with the material, which in this particular case is asolution of sodium silicate, contained in the tank 90. The sheet or web 1 is pass under a per-' forated roll 91 so that the sheet is sub-- merged in the solution, and the sheet is then earned over a series of drying rolls 92, and when desirable it may be carried over. a heated drying roll 93, to which steam is aplied in the manner customary for"steam' ier drums. By such' suitable treatments, the moisture of the solution-is dried out of the web, leaving it coated or impregnated with hardening material. The 1 web then passes over a guide-roll 94 to the point where, between the pressing rolls 34 and 35, it is associated with the longitudinal reinforcing strips 7, as previously fully described.

The .method'of producing a board of th form shown in Fig. 12, comprises the advancing of the two main sheets or strips 15, advancing continuous side strips 16, associating the strips 15 and 16 and adhesively connecting them, advancing continuous re inforcing strips 18, producing the desired edge formation by suitable operations at proper points or times in relation to other steps, \and finally, when binding. strips -20 by any suitable mechanisms.

are employed, advancing and adhesively securing these binding strips. assembly'is then complete, and indlvidual board bodies may be cut off in the manner previously described.

Figs. 5 and 6 show diagrammatically a continuous method for producing board bodiesof the style shown in Figs. 5 and 7 previously described, most of the mechanism except the roll holders for the sheets of material and certain gluing devices being omitted, but the materials being. shown in their continuous advance and formation, it being understood that the necessary operations may be performed upon the materials The tubular The .continuous strip of body or shell material 60 to form the minor shellsheet, identified by the same numeral in Fig. 7 ,is ad vanced: from a roll 70, andthe stri is adhesively conditionedaby lue roll 1, and this glue roll may exten under surface of the strip or web. A continuous strip) 61 to form the outer shell sheet (Fig; is advanced from a roll 72. The'axes of the rolls 71 and 72 are parallel,

but the rolls themselves are offset laterally 'gether between, prem'ing rolls 75 and 76,

and these rolls may be offset laterally in substantial accordance with the lateral offset of the/stock rolls. The overlapping surfaces of strips 60 and 61 are thus pressed in adhesive engagement.

Reinforcing strips 68am advanced from rolls 78, and adhesive is applied to them by glue rolls 80, and they are pressed in POSI- tion on the advancing assembly by pressing rolls 81 and 82, and beyond. that point the assembly is bent or folded over by suitable instrumentalities, the folding process being sufliciently shown in Fig. 5,'and the round- 1 ed edge formation is obtained, until finally the assembly is in the cross-sectional form shown in Fig. 7, with the shell margins 66 and 67 overlapped and ad esively connected by glue previously applie to the marginal portion 67. The assembly is then severed laterally at a point somewhere near the line 83, Fig. 5, at regular intervals, producing the individual tubular bodies 13, the structure and characteristics of which have been sufficiently explained above.

The end plugs and intermediate reinforcements arethen inserted.

I claim: 1. A method of making tubular articles of sheet'material, comprising associating main body forming sheet material of substantial width and relatively narrow, spaced edge reover the entire inforcing strips, and shaping and securing the assembly in flattened tubular form.

2. A method of making tubular articles of sheet material, comprising associating main body forming sheet material of substantial width and relatively narrow, spaced edge reinforcing strips, and shaping and securing the assembl in flattened tubular form with rounded ed g strips.

.3. A method of making flattened tubular articles of sheet material, comprising associating a main sheet of body forming material of substantial width with strips of a es including said reinforcing,

sai strips, to produce curved formation of the article. I a 4. Amethod of makingftlat-sided tubular articles offibrous sheet material, comprising associating a main sheet 'of'body formin material with relatively :narrow, space strips of reinforcing material, sha mg por-' tions of the assembly including sai strips to produce rounded body edges, and completing 1 the flattened tubular body formation of the article. I

5. A method of making tubular articles of' fibrous sheet material, com rising advancing a continuous sheet of ody forming material, advancing continuous stri s of edge reinforcing material and adhesive g securing them in spaced'relationon the ody sheet, and shaping thejassembled materials in flattened tubular form ivith rounded edges including said strips. f

6. A method'ofmaking tubular articles of sheet material, com risingatlvancing a continuous sheet of bo y forming material, ad-

' vancing continuous strips offedge reinforcing material and adhesively sec'uring them in spaced relation on the body sheet, shaplng 30 "form with rounded edges "fiincluding said strips, and severing the continuous assembly thefa-ssembled materials in flat sided tubular to form individual tubular bodies.

7. A method of making tubular articles of sheet material, comprising advancing a continuous sheet of body .matcrial, advancing continuous strips of sheet edge reinforcing material and adhesively applying them to the body sheet, bending the assembled materials along the lines of the reinforcing strips to produce the edge formation of the completed articles, securing ed as of the main sheet to complete the formatlon of a flattened tubular assembly, and severing the assembly transversely at regular intervals to produce individual tubular bodies.

8. A method of making tubular articles of fibrous sheet material, comprising advancing a continuous .sheet of body material, advancing continuous strips of sheet edge reinforcing material and adhesively .applying them to the body sheet, bending the assembled materials along the lines of the reinforcing strips to produce rounded edge formations of the completed article, adhesively securing edges of the main sheet to complete the formation of a flattened tubular assembly, and severing the assembl transversely at regular intervals to pro uce individual tubular bodies.

9. A method of making tubular articles of sheet material, comprising advancing a continuous sheet of body material, adhesively' applying to it spaced strips of sheet edge reinforcing material, foldingthe assembled ,hesively assemb relation to the body sheet, bending the assembly, and severin .materials into flattened tubular form with body-sheet margins overlap ed and ad-. secured together, an pressing the y edges to determine the edge formation of the tube.

10. A method of making tubular articles of sheet ma erial, comprising advancing a continuous sheet of bod material, adhesivelyapplying to it space strips of sheet edge reinforcin material, 101(11I1g the assembled materialsi nto flattened tubular form with bod f-fsheet margins overlapped and adhesive y secured together, pressing the assembly edges to determine the ed e formation of thetube and severing the tlibular assembly transversely to produce individual tubular bodies;

11. method of making tubular articles of sheet material, comprising advancing a continuous sheet of bod material, advancing continuous strips of e ge reinforcing material and adhesively applying them in spaced the assembly portions including the reinforcing material andf'applying heat and pressure to secure the edge-formation of the article, completing the "flattened tubular formation of the assembly transversely to produce in ividual tubular, bodies.

12. A method of making tubular articles of sheet material, comprising the steps of advancing a continuous sheet of bod material, advancing continuous strips of edge reinforcing material and adhesively applying them in spaced relation to the body sheet,

"bending the assembly ortions including the reinforcing material into substantially flat tubular form, and applying pressure to secure the edge formation of the article.

13. A method of making tubular articles of fibrous sheet material, comprising the steps of advancing a continuous sheet of body material, advancing continuous strips of edge reinforcing material and adhesively applying them to the body sheet, bending the assembly portions including the reinforcing material into substantially flat tubular form, and applying heat and pressure to secure the edge formation of the article.

14. A method of making tubular articles of fibrous sheet material, comprising advancing a continuous sheet of body material, advancing continuous strips of edge reinforcing material and adhesively applying them in spaced relation to the body sheet, bending the assembly portions including the reinforcing material and applying heat to secure the edge formation of the article, completing the flattened tubular formation of the assembly, and severing the assembly transversely to produceindividual tubular bodies.

15. A method 'zof making tubular articles of fibroussheet' material, comprising advancing a continuoussheetof body material,

. 1y applying to it space strips of sheet edge reinforcing material, applyirig adhesive to eet, 01

completing the advancing continuous strips of edge rein forcin material andadhesively applying them in spaced relation to the body s eet, bending the assembly portions inclu ing the reinforcing material and applying pressure to secure theed e formation of the article,

of the assembly, and severing the assembly transversely to produce individual tubular bodies.

16. A method of making tubular articles of sheet material, comprising advancing a continuous sheet of bod material, adhesivea margin of the body s ding the assembled materials .into flattened tubular form with body-sheet margins overlapped and adhesively secured together, and pressing the assembly edges a ong the lines of said reinforcing strips to determine the edge formation of the tube.

18. A method of making-tubular articles of sheet material, comprising the steps of advancing a continuous sheet of body material, advancing continuous spaced strips of edge reinforcing material and adhesively apply- .ing them to the body sheet, bending the assembly into substantially flat tubular form, and applyingheat to secure'the edge forma tion of the article.

19. A method of making substantially tubular cloth boards or the like, comprising advancing continuous fibrous sheet material, treating the material with strengthening or stiffening material, applying spaced longn tudinal edge reinforcing strips and folding the assembled materials into flattened tubular form.

20. A method of makin substantially tubular cloth boards or the like, comprising advancing continuous fibrous sheet material, treating a surface of the material with strengthening or stiffening material, adhesively applying spaced longitudinal edge reinforcing strips, folding the assembled materials intoflattened tubular form, and sever ing the assembly transversely.

21. vA method of makin clothboard and similar tubular articles 0 sheet fibrous ma- ",terial having fiat. parallel sides substantially spaced apart and connected by continuous edge portions, comprising advancattened tubular formation to produce individual tubular bodies.

rial of substantial thicknes and tiffness, ad

hesively securing to the sheet continuous strips of fibrous sheet reinforcing material 1n spaced relation corresponding to'1ongi tudinal edges of the article to be'produced,

and bendin the bodysheet to produce the stated tub in formation with the lon tudinal edges of the board including t e reinforcing strips.

22. A method of making cloth boards and a continuous sheet'of fibrous body matesimilar tubular articles of sheet fibrous ma terial having flat parallel sides substantially spaced apart and connected by continuousedge portions, com rising advancing a continuous sheet of brous body material of substantial" thickness and stiffness, adhesively securin to the sheet continuous strips of ,fibrous eet reinforcing material in spaced relation corresponding to longitudinal edges of the article to be produced,

bending the body sheet to produce the stated tubular formation with the lon 'tudinal' edges of the bbard including the remforcin -StI1p S, and pressing the edges to shape an fix the edge formation.

23. A method of making cloth boards and similar articles of sheet fibrous material haw ing fiat parallel sides substantially spaced apart and connected by continuous edge portions, comprising advancing a continuous sheet of fibrous body material of substantial thickness and stiffness, adhesively securing to the sheet continuous strips'of fibrous sheet reinforcing material in spaced relation corresponding to longitudinal edges of the article to be produced, bendin the body sheet to produce thestated tllbllfill formation with the longitudinal edges of the board including the reinforcing strips, and adheres sively connecting longitudinal margins of the body sheet.

24. A method of making cloth boards and similar tubular articles of sheet fibrous ma terial having flat parallel sides substantially sgaced apart and connected by continuous e ge portions, comprising advancing acontinuous sheet of fibrous body material of substantial thickness and stiffness, adhesively securing to the sheet continuous trips of fibrous sheet reinforcing material in spaced relation corresponding to longitudinal edges of the article to be produced, bending the body sheet to produce the stated tubular formation with the longitudinal edges of the board including the reinforcing strips, and applying tractive pressure to the opposite flat sides of the formed board tube at substantially its mid-width with accompanying collapse of the central portion of the tube, to advance the material without permanent deformation of the tube-crosssection.

' 25. A method of making cloth boards and 1 similar tubular articles of sheetfibrous material flat parallel sides substantially space apart and connected by continuous edge portions, comgrisin advancinga continuous sheet of fi rous ody material of substantial thickness and stiffness, adhesively securirizg fstrips, adhesively connecting longitudinal 'mar ins of the body sheet, and severing the contmuous tube transversely at regular intervals.

26..A method of making cloth boards and similar tubular articles of pa er or cardboard, having flat parallel sides substantially spaced apart and connected by continuous edge portions, comprising advanc ing a continuous sheet of cardboard bod material of substantial thickness and st ness, adhesively securing to the sheet continuous strips 0 cardboard relnforcing material in spaced relation correspondm to .edges of the article to be produced, ben ing the body sheet to produce the stated tubular formation with the longitudinal edges of the board including the reinforcing strips, pressing the edges to shape and fix the edge 'formation, and adhesively securing longitudinal margins of the body sheet.

27. A method of making cloth boards and simila'r' tubular articles of paper'or cardboard, having fiat parallel sides substantially spaced apart and connected b continuous edge portions, comprising a vanclng a continuous sheet of cardboard body material of substantial thickness and stiffness, ad-

' hesively securing to the sheet continuous strips of cardboard reinforcing material in spaced relation corresponding to edges of the article to be produced, bendin the body sheet toproduce the stated tubu ar formation with the longitudinal edges of the board including the reinforcing strips, pressing the edges to shape and fix the edge formation, adhesivel securing longitudinal margins of the b0 y sheet, and applying tractive pressure to the opposite flat sides of the formed board tube at substantially its mid-width with accompanying temporary collapse of the central portion of the tube, to advance the material without injurious deformation of the tube edges.

28. A method of making tubular articles from sheet material, comprising securing separated strips upon a sheet of material and shaping the assembly along areas in proximity to the strips to produce a flattened tube.

29. A method of making tubular articles 'from sheet material, comprising securing separated strips upon a sheetof material fand shaping the assembly along areas in proximity to the strips to produce a flattened tube, and securing together longitudinal margins of the sheet.

30. A method of making tubular articles from sheet material, comprising securing separated strips upon asheet of material and shaping the assembly along areas in "proximity to the strips to produce a flat- 32. A method of producing tubular articles from sheet material, comprising advancing a web of bendable sheet material of substantial thickness and stifiness, applying and securing to the web spaced strips of bendable sheet material, bendin the combined materials along'areas inc uding the apglied strips to produce a flattened tube, an severing the tubular assembly transversely at intervals to produce individual tubular articles.

33. A method of producing tubular articles from sheet material, comprising advancing a web of bendable sheet material of substantial thickness and stiffness, advancing strips of flexible sheet reenforcing material and securing them adhesively to a face of the web in spaced relation, and bending the combined materials along longitudinal areas comprising the reenforcing strips to produce a flattened tube.

34. A method of producing tubular articles from sheet material, comprising advancing a Web of bendable sheet material of substantial thickness and stiffness, advancing strips of flexible sheet reenforcing' material and securing them adhesively to a face of the web in spaced relation, bending the combined materials along longitudinal areas comprising the reenforcing strips to produce a flat-tened tube, and severing the tubular assembly transversely at intervals to produce individual tubular articles.

35. A method of making tubular articles, comprising feeding sheet material, applying separated reenforcements to said sheet, bending the sheet at the reenforcements, and 'advancing the assembly so produced by tractive contact applied between the reenforcements.

36. A method of making tubular articles, comprising feeding sheet material, applying separated reenforoements to said sheet, bending the sheet at the reenforcements, advancing the assembly so produced by tract'ive contact applied between the reenforcements,

and severing the tubular assembly trans-- comprising feeding flexible sheet material,

applying separated reenforcements to said 5 eet, bending the sheet at the reenforce ments and shaping it in tubular form, and applying tractive force to opposite faces of the formed tube between the reenforcements to advance the combined materials.

39. A method of making tubular articles, comprising feedin flexible sheet material, applying separate reenforcements to said sheet, bending the sheet at the reenforcements and shaping it in tubular form, andappl ing tractive force to opposite faces of the ormed tube between the reenforcements with accompanying temporary deformation of the tube to advance the combined mate-, rials.

40. A method of making tubular articles, comprising feeding flexible sheet material, applying separated reenforcements to said sheet, bending the sheet at the reenforcements and shaping it in tubular form, and

applyin tractive pressure at opposite sides of the ormed tube between the reenforcements with accompanying temporary deformation of the tube and contact of its members to advance the combined materials.

41. A method of making tubular article s, comprising feedin flexib e sheet material, applying separate reenforcements to said ments and shapin it in tubular form, ad-

vancing the assem ly so produced by tractive contact applied between the reenforcements, and severing the tubular assembly transversely at intervals to produce individual tubular articles.

42. A method of making tubular articles, comprising feeding flexible sheet material, applying separated reenforcements to said sheet, bending the sheet at the reenforcements and shaping it in tubular form, and severing the tubular assembly transversely at intervalsito produce individual tubular articles.

43. A method of making tubular articles, comprlsing feedin flexible sheet material, applying separat reenforcements to said sheet, bending the sheet at the reenforcements and shaping it in tubular form, applying tractive force to opposite faces' of the formed tube between the reenforcements with accompanying temporary deformation of the tube to advance the combined materials, and severing the tubular assemblly transversely at intervals to produce indivi ual tubular articles.

44. A method of making tubular articles, com rising feeding flexible sheet material, app ying separated reenforcements to said sheet, bending the sheet at the reenforcements and shaping it intubular form, applying tractive pressure at opposite sides of the formed tube between the reenforcements with accompanying temporary deformation of the tube and contact of its members to advance the combined materials, and severing. the tubular assembly transversely at intervals to produce individual tubular articles.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New York this 29th day of March, A. D. 1922.

HARRY BRIDGMAN SMITH.

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