US1597674A - Distillation of oil - Google Patents

Description

H. L. DOHERTY DISTILLATION OF OIL Filed Nov. 22l 1922 Z0 Heer' /n Aug. 31 1926.

Patented Aug. 31, ,1926.

UNirEo STATES 1,597,674 PATENT QFFICE.

HENB'Y L. DOHEBTY, 0F NEW YURK, N. Y., ASSUIGNOB T0 DHEBTY RESEARCH @lf Pm, OF NEW YORK. N. Y., CDRPDBATIUN l' DELAWARE.

DISTILLATION OF 011i.

appunti@ and immagina, i922. semi n0. scam.

int hydrocarbons to produce lower boiling point hydrocarbons therefrom.

One of the main ditliculties encountered" in the cracking of oil is the formation of carbon. This carbon forms hard deposits on the surfaces of the apparatus vin which l0 the oil is being treated and the carbon de posits on the pi e stills and on the bottom of the shell stil s are very likely to cause the stills to be burned or blistered: The formation of a carbon deposit limits the length of time that a still may be operated with safety, and the volume of oil, which may be treated in the still before the op eration of the still must be stopped to permit the still to be cleaned.

In a continuous cracking' processof the tvpe described in my co nding application, Serial No. 361,030, ai Fsbniary 24, 1920, the oil is repeatedly circulated from an unheated heat insulated crackin chamber through a directly heated pipe sti and back to the crackin chamber. The continued operation of t is process has shown that when the oil has been heated in the pipe still several times the carbon will deposit from the oil more rapidlyv than carbon will deposit from oil which has not been previ ously treated under cracking pressures and temperatures. It is desirable therefore that the oil assin through the heated pipe still should be as ree as possible of carbon.

.The primary object of thel present Invention is to provide-a process of and apparatus for,craclnng oil b'y. which the formation-of `carbone can be so controlled that it will not interfere with the continued treatment of With this object in view one feature of the invention contemplates cracking oil by repeatedly subjecting it to cracking conditions of temperature and pressure without direct] applying heat to any oil which contains ree carbon.

In the preferred process of the present invention the major part of the oil cracking is carried on in compartments of a cracking chamber to which no heat is directlyapplied. 'Ilie heat necessary for cracking the oil in the chamber is supplied by theA sensible heat and the heat of evaporation of oil and vapors which are introduced into the cracking chamber. The direct application of the heat to the oil is 4made ina pi still, the preheated oil paing from t e still to the cracking chamber, but no oil is circulated through the pipe still which contains free carbon.

V nother object of the invention is to provide a process of forming low boiling point hydrocarbons from high boiling point hydrocarbons by alternately subjecting the oil to cracking and evaporation.

With this object in view, another feature of the invention contemplates circulating oil in a closed cycle circuit, cracking the oil by distillation under rassure and tem rature in one portion o the circuit, disti ling the oil by evaporating it under reduced pressure in another portion of the circuit and separately collecting condensates from the d ist-illations in the dilerent portions of the circuit.

The various hi her boiling point hydrocarbonssuch as erosene, gas oil and uel oil do not all crack with equal facility under the same conditions of pressure and temperature. Kerosene requires hi her temperatures and ressures for cracking than oil. and a nel oil havin a lower gravlty and higher boiling point t an a gas oil may be advantageously cracked at lower temperatures and pressures than the gas oil. In the present invention the oil to be cracked is maintained in a series of separate bodies by which the oil is cracked in stages, each stage having a different temperature and pressure.

Accordingly, another object ofthe invention is to provide a process by which oil may be crackedunder di'erent conditions of temperature and pressure in order to submit the different constituents of the oil to the most favorable conditions of crackin A n accordance with this object, another in'g 'oil as a series of separate 'bodies tures and pressures of the bodies increasing 1n the 'direction df' flow, introducing pre- Vheated oil into the higllliest 4temperature 105 body, circulating vapors t rough the bodies in a path countercurrent to the path of oil flow, and removing and condensm vapors leavinr the lowest temperature borgy.

A'frrther object ofthe invention is to 110 f feature of the invention contemplates passprovide a process for evsrating high pressure oil residues so thatA e desired condensates may be recovered at the maximum temperatures and used for preheatmg oil passi to a heater or stilL WltlE these and other objects in view, the invention consists in the improved rocess of and apparatus for crackin oil ereinatter speeilicall described an deued in the appended c aims.

The various features of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which shows atieally an a. in which the preferred process o vention ina be carried out.

The pre rred of the invention may be carried out with the apparatus illus the intrated in the drawing substantially as fol lows:

A boiling point hydrocarbon oil auch as cru e oil, gas oil, or fuel o'il is supplied to a pump through a pipe 12 and creed from the pump un er pressure through a condenser 14. In passing through the con denser 14 the oil is preheated b condensing vapors leaving the crachng stil From the condenser 14 the oil flows through a pipe 16 and enters a condenser 1S where it is further preheated by vapors from an evaporating still 20. The preheated oil from the con denser 18 flows through a pi l 2l to a condenser 22 where it is furt er heated ci vapors formed in an evaporating still The preheated oil leaving the condenser 22 flows througlli a pipe 26 into a condenser 28 where it is rther heatedby vapors formed in an eva rating still 30. The preheated oil leaving the condenser 28 llows through a pipe 32 to a condenser 34 where it is further heated by vapors formed in an evaporating still 36. The preheated oil leaving the condenser 54 flows throih a pipe 37 to a preheatng com artment of a crac chamber 40. In e compartment 38 the o1 is used to scrub cracked vapors which are formed in a cracking compartment 42 and which pass from the compartment 42 through a valved inlet 44 to the compartf ment 38. By scrubbing the vapors the oil is porelieated and this preheated oil leaves the ttom of the compartment 38 and passes through a pipe 46 to a pump 48. The pump 48 maintains the oil under a comparatively high pressure of from 80 to 150 pounds per :gonne inch and the size and arrangement of tubes of a pipe still 50 are eo designed that the pump circulates the oil through the hibes at comparatively high velocity. After the oil has been preheated and partially ev rated by circulation through the pipe stil it flows through a pipe 152 into a separator 54. In the separator 54 the vapors are separated from the oil and am out of the of the separator throng a pipe 56 by w ch they are conducted to the lower porparatus tion of the highest temperature com artment 58 of the craaki chamber t0. e re heated oil collect in the se aratorM ows out of the separator thro a pipe 60 by which it is introduced into t e upper rt o'f the cracking chamber compartment 5 The separator 54 not only acts to separate the va rs from the oil, but also serves to separa e carbon and heavy terry residues from the oil. The carbon and heavy terry residues settle to the bottom of the se arator and muy be intermittently drawn o through a valved outlet 62. The countercurrent circulation of the reheated oil and preheated vapors throng the compartment 58 while the oil is preheated to a temperature and maintained under a hig pressure acts to thoroughly crack higher boiling point constituents to form lower boili point constituents such as gasoline. In e chamber 58 there is comparatively little condensation and dephlegmation but the cracking operation serres to concentrate the lower boilin point hydrocarbons such as kerosene whi are not readily cracked under the tem eraturcs and pressures existing;r within the c amher. There is a considerable ortion of the higher boiling point hydrocn ns which is not broken down by the tem eratures and pressures existing in the cham ers, and this mixture of uncracked residue oils leaves the bottom of the compartment 58 through a pipe 64 and passes to the highest temperature evaporator 36. The vapors passing through the compartments 58 collect in the to of the compartment and ass through a va ved outlet 66 into a crac ingr compartment 68. The vapors discharged from the outlet 66 pass in under a distributing head 70, the head being provided with a series of perforstions to distribute the vapors throughout the body of oil in the compartment 68. The oil in compartment 68 is the oil which has been previously treated at a lower temperature in compartment 42. The temperature maintained in compartment 68 is higher than the temperature maintained in compartment 42 to provide conditions for cracking the oil which is not cracked in the lower temperature compartment. The heat for mnintainin'g the temperature in compartment 68 is supplied by vapors which are introduced into the compartment from the higher temperature compartment 58. To this end the temperature of compartmentl 68 is lower than the temperature in compartf ment 58 to provide a definite amount of condensation of insuiilciently cracliecl` vapors ,in the compartment 68. The pressure in the compartment 68 is lower than the pressure in the compartment 58 to such a degree that the heat supplied by the latent heat of condensation of the insuliciently cracked vapors will crack oil in the compartment 68 or furnish the heat of formation and the latent partment 42 is lower -densation of the collect in the lippe Atlirouirgh the compartments Lauzon heat of evalloration of the gasoline or other low boi 'ng point hydrocarbons to be formed in the compartment. The uncon densed lmetnp stl:nd f th ec n e up r portion o e com rtment and passphrough a valved' outla72 and are distributed by a head 74 into the oil of compartment 4:2. The oil of compartment 68 then passes into the higher temperature compartment 58 to subjected to higher temperature and pressure stage for further cracki The oil in the com artment 42 is the oil which has previouslylbeen treated in a low temperature com artment 76. The teni rature maintain in the compartment '7 is higher than the tem rature maintained in the compartment 6 to provide conditions for cracking oil which is not cracked in the low temperature compartment. 'The heat for maintaining the temperature in com artmeiit 42 is supplied by vapors introduce from the compartment 68. To accomplish this the temperature incompartment 42 is lower than the temperature The pressure in the comthan the pressure in the compartment G8 to such a de e that the heat supplied by the latent lent of coninsulliciently cracked vapors will crack oil in compartment 42 or furnish the hentof Vformation and the latent heat of evaporation of gas or lower boiling point hydrocarbons to be formed. condensed vapors assing through the compartment 42 and t e. vapors formed therein r portion of the compartment and are divided, one portion passing through the valved outlet 44 into the preheating compartment 38, and the other portion of the vapors passing through a valved outlet 78 under a perforated distributing plate 80 in the lower portion of the compartment 7'6. The oil treated in the compartment 76 is the oil supplied from the low temperatureevaporator 20. he temperature of the oil in the compartment 76 is lower than the temperature of the oil in the compartment 42, to permit condensation of insuliiciently cracked vapo passing rs from the com artment 42 through the body d of the oil. e pressure in the compartment 76 is lower than the rassure in the compartment 42 to such a that the heat supplied by the latent heat of condensation of the insuiciently cracked vapors will crack oil in t furnish the heat of formation and the latent heut of evaporation of the gasoline or other low boiling point hydrocarbons to be in the compartment. The vapors passing cumulate in the tops of vapors passing through the compart- Ti the vapors formed therein cold The 11n-l he, compartment 76 or will t and tiow thro h outlets 82 and 84 respectively into a cuogncluit 86 b which they are conducted into the oil oo o l flows through a pipe 88 into a water cooler 90 and from the cooler 90 the cooled distillate Hows through a ipe 92 to a source of st e residue oil which liows out of the highest temperature cracki com artment 58 contains a lar e amount of h bon constituents whic 1 are capable of) being further cracked to form lower boiling point hydrocarbons. This oil however has been previously subjected to high tempe und pressures or crackin terry residues not well suited for circulation through a still to which the heat is directly applied because the carbon and tarry resiues forni u carbon scale which seriously interferences with the cracking operation. In order to recover the portions of the cracked residue which are suitable for cracking, this residue is evaporated, the condens rites recovered and added to the h incoming oil to again recirculated through the pipe still und the residue oil which is not evaporated is returned in a closed cycle circuit through the lower temperature chamber where it can cracked to obtain any availg point hydrocarbons therein. To accomplish this the pressure of the high temperature oil llow'in through the pipe 64 into the evaporator 3 is reduced to a suilicient degree to permit evaporation of a definite portion of constituents therein. These vapors pass through a ipe 94 into the condenser'34 and are con ensed under pressure condensation comparatively hi h boiling point constituents may be conc ensed in the condenser 84 by means of reheatcd oil which h pnratively high temperature.' 'Ihe vapors have a comparathus acting to imtively high temperature; port a comparutivel)v the cooling oil of the condenser and the pressure will serve to permit the condensation `of comparatively high temperature fractions. If the pressure within the nensers34 is not as high as the pressure of oil passing through the pipe 3?, a pump 96 ma)` be used to remove condensate from the condenser 34' and force condensate through a pipe 98 into the oil passing through the pipe 87.

The oil which is not evaported in the still 3G flows throuch a pipe 100 tothe evap. orating still 30. the pressure of the oil heinq reduced by means of a valve 102. By this reduction of pressure n further evaporation of the oil will take place. these vapors passing through a pipe 104 to the condenser high temperature to r vapors passin -nblc for crackingr pu 28. The temperature of the vapors (lowing from the still will be lower than the from the still 36, and on the other han the oilpassing through the condenser 28 is at a lower temperature than thc oil passing through condenser 34. Condensation is carried on in the condenser 28 under substantially the same premure as that maintained in the still 30 and the condensate formed is removed from the condenser by means of a pump 106 and.I asses through a line 10S to be added to t e oil passing through the line 32. The oil which is not vaporized in the still 30 flows through a pipe 110 to the still 24, the pressure of the oil being reduced by means of a valve 112. A further evaporation of the oil takes place in the still 24, the vapors passin through a line 114 to the condenser where they nre condensed under substantially the same pressure as that existing in the still 24. The condensate formed in the condenser 22 is removed by means of a pump 116 and 'forced throu h a line 118 into the oil passingthrough tie line 26. The oil which is not vaporized in the still 24 flows through a line 120 to the still 20. The pressure of the oil assing through the line 120 is reduced to sulistantially atmos heric pressure by means of a valve 122. n the still 20 the Iinal evaporation of the oil takes place, these vapors passing through a line 124 into the condenser 18 and the condensate formed in the condenser is removed by a pump 126 und forced through a line 130 into the oil passing through the line 21.

The unvaporized or residue oil passing through the lowest temperature va rizing still 2U contains a lar amount o higher boiling point hyclrocar ns which are avail- To recover this crncknble oil the residue from the still 20 passes through a line 132 to a separator 184 *where carbon is removed and the oil is then circulated through the cracking chamber. The carbon and heavy residue in the oil settle to the bottom of the separator 134 and may be drawn oil' through a valved outlet 136. The cleaned oil leaves the upper portion of the separator through a pipe 138 and is forced under pressure into the upper por tion of the cracking compartment 76 by means of n pump 140. The oil which is not cracked in the compartment 76 leaves the lower portion of the compartment through a pino 142 und is forced into the upper portion of thc compartment 42 by means of a pump 144. The pump 144 is used for controlling the pressure of the oil within the compartment 42. The oil which is not cracked in the compartment 42leaves the bottom of the compartment through a pipe 146 and is forced into the top of the compartment 68 b v means of u pump 14B, the pump 148 being used for controlling the pressure within the compgrtment 68. The oil which is not crac d in the compartment 68 leaves the lower portion of the compartment through a pipe 150 and is forced under pressure into the upper portion of the compartment 58 by means of a. pump 152. The pump 1521s used to control the preure in the compartment 58, but the pressure in the com ait; ment 58 depends a o upon the action o the pump 48 which forces oil through the pipe still and separator into the compartment 58.

With the construction described above it will be seen that the only oil which passes through the pipe still is the fresh incoming oil, and the condenaates which nre recovered by eva rating the cracked oil. None of this oil t refore contains free carbon. After the oil has been passed into the cracking circuit it remains in the circuit until it has been completely cracked and is only removed from the circuit in the form of cracked vapors or as carbon and terry residues. This oil circuit consists of,a continuous ow through a series of compartments of a cracking chamber and a continuous flow through a series of evaporators. 'lhe oil leaves the craclng portion of the circuit from the highest temperature crack.- ing compartment and this high temperature oil is then evaporated in stages to recover the lower boiling oint constituents therefrom. The cold residue oil from the evapornting portion of the circuit is introduced into the lowest temperature compartment of the cracking chamber and as the oil advances throu h the compartments of the cracking cham r its temperature and pressure are increased in steps Bythe multistage cracking recess out lined above1 oil may be sub'ecte to a series of dillerent conditions o pressur and temperatures to obtain themaximum yield of gasoline or lower boiling point hydrocarbons. The oil may be partially cracked in the lowest temperature stage and the vapors formed immediately removed from the oil bod and passed to the condenser. TheJ uncrac ed' oil then passes to a stage having e hi her temperature and a correspondingly igher pressu're where another portion may be cracked. In the saine way the oil progresses through the series of stages and is progressively subjected to increasing temperatures to form the lower boiling pointl ydrocarbons in each stage. In the etage cracking a distinct constituept or group of constituents is acted u n 1n accordance with the' temperature an pressure existing in the st and the vapors formed pass out of the oil body into a. preceding cooler stage. As the oil advances, therefore, distinct portions of the oil are cracked and the portions of the oil which crack at the lower temperatures and preseures` are removed before tbe oil is treated lill ln stages having bi temperatures and pressures. Although our stages have been` shown, it is not necessary to employ four sta es, but more or less may b'e used 1n accor ance-with the character of oil. It 1s comparatively easy to maintain the bodies of oll at the cracking temperatures, so lo as vapors are'passing` through the oil an the temperature of t e oil is such that a portion of the vapors will. condense to supply the heat necessary for cracking t e oil 1 e. to supply the heat of formation and the latent heat of evaporation. of the vapors being formed. Bv passing the va ors throu the oil bodies they` not onl' eat the oi but they are scrubbed in eac compartment to condense a definite ligh boiling oint or insufficientlyl crack vapors. ese condensed vapors-may then be further cracked to produce the lower boiling point hydrocarbons. The cracking compartment in which these repeated and continued crackin o rations are carried on is unheated an t ie carbon and tarry material formed may be readil removed. Furthermoret the heat suppli to the oil in the cracking compartments is not supplied from driving the heat through the walls of a still and the free carbon does not bake to form a hard deposit. The carbon remains in such a condition that it travels with the oil toward the collecting chambers and exaporators where it may be removed from the circuit. This permits the cracking operation to be made substantally continuous and to avoid the dangerous carbon deposits or crusts.

The evaporation of the cracked oil residues in a serespf stages is very advantageous in that it supplies high temperature vaEors for preheatlng oil at the place where igh temperatures are necessary in order to obtain a h temperature preheating of the oil. rtbermore,by this stage evaporation comparatively high boili point constituents may be cond an recovered. If the residue is eva orated in one stage only, a comparativ y low temperature condenser would necessary in order to recover the low boiling point vapors, and such a low temperaturecondenser is not a satisfactory means for cffecting high temperature heating of the oi] to be cracked. Furthermore, the sta evaporation permits the latent heat of 4c vapors to be recovered and the abso on of the condensates in the oil for condensing is a means by which the sensible heat of the condensates may be recovered. The only heat removed from the process is the sensible heat in the nal distillate and therefore 'a comarativel small Eipe still' may be used or supp ying the eat neoessa for crackinga argevolumcofoil. Aa owninthe drawings, the evaporation of the lresidua oil is carried on in four stages. The number of evaporating stages may be varied to obtain the most advantageous conditigg depending upon the c of the oil the temperature of the oil which is supplied to the pipe still. The invention therefore is not limited to a four stage evaporation but any desired number of sta s may be used to secure the advantage ofigh temperature condensation and high tenerature heat transfer.

e preferred form of the invention having been thus described, what is claimed as new is:

1. A process of treatin high boiling point hydrocarbons to produce ower boiling point hydrocarbons therefrom, comprising circulating oil under pressure through a heater, separating 'vapors from the heated oirlaasing the va rs and oil through a c ing chamber w ile under pressure in counter- .current paths, passing residue oil from the cracking chamber to an evaporator and distilling it therein by reducing the oil pressure, condensing the residue vapors by a heat interchange with untreated oil, returning the residue oil from the evaporator to the cracking chamber and condensing vapors leaving the cracking chamber.

2. A process of treating high boiling point hydrocarbons to produce lower boiling point hydrocarbons therefrom, comprising circulating oil under pressure through a heater, separating vapors from the heated oil, assng the' va rs and oil through a cr g chamber u' ile under pressure in countercurrent paths, circulating oil from the cracking chamber through an evaporator and roturning it to the cracking chamber in aclosed cycle, reducing the pressure of the oil in the eva orator to remove vapors therefrom, and con ensing the vapors leaving the cracking chamber. Y

3. A process of treating high boiling point eased hydrocarbons to produce lower boiling point hydrocarbons therefrom, comprising circulating oil under pressure through a heater, separating vapors from theheated oil, i .'-L ing the valxrs and oil through a c f chamber w le under pressure in countercurrent paths, passing residue oil from the crac chamber to an evaporator and da tilling it therein by reducing the oil p condensing the residue oil va ra b a heat interchange with untreated oil, ad' the evaporator condensate tothe un L oil for circulation through the beater, returning -.the residue oil from the evaporator to the cracking chamber,- and condensing the vapors leaving the cracking chamber.

4. A process of treating high boiling point hydrocarbons to produce lower boiling point hydrocarbons therefrom, comprising mrculating oil under pressure through a heater,

lll

separating vapors from the heated oil, asscircuit crackin the oil b it uning the va rs and oil through a crac g der a and tgmperature in one chamber w ile under pressure in counterportion oft current paths, circulating oil from the cracku al oil from said crac in another poring chamber through an evaporator and retion of the circuit in stages by reducing m turning it to the cracking chamber in a the pressure of the oil in each Stage, se

cycle, reducing the pressure of tlie li'tcly condensing the vapore formed in oil in the evaporator to remove vapors there- @ach Stege of the evaporation, preheating from, condensing the vapors from the evapothe 911 t0 be crlked and the evtl rator and adding them to the untreated oil oration condenaates theieto, an inserh'ng'fc passing through the heater, and cond the preheated oil condensate mixture into the vapors leaving the cra chamber. the cracking. portion of the circuit.

5. A process of treating high oiling point 10. continuous procese of cracking oil hydrocarbons to produce lower bo' point C9I11R1l8lng in p closed cycle hydrocarbons therefrom, comprising circuclicliithcr the oil by distillation un so lating eil under pressure through a heater, der a high renureend temperature in one separating vapors from the heated oil, portion of e circuit, evaporatin the resid. ing the va re and oil through a caching 1&1 011 from Said by istillation chamber w 'le under pressure in counterunder a reduced pressure in porcurrent paths, circulating oil from the cracki101! 0f Athe separately collecting as ing chamber through an evaporator` and renfflldenllif Obln une turning it to the cracking chamber in e. m thE difetn' Portions '0f circuit, 1nclosed cycle, reducing the pressure on the trodlicing oil into the'crecking portion of oil in the'evaporator to remove vapors there- #[28 Girelli?, Bild ILPPlfJ-lig heut only t0 the A from, separating carbon and heavy terry maoil being introduced into the cracking porou 'terial from the oil of the eva orator before '910D 0f the Circuit. Q l

' hamber. Y il. A of treating higher boiling 6. A continuous process of cracking oil point liy roca-rhone to produce lower boilcomprising circulating oil in a closed cycle .mg point hydrocarbons therefrom, compriecircuit, cracking the oil by distillation under 111g passing residual oil ae a series of sepa- 96 a high measure and temperature in one rlt bodice. through a chamber, the circuit, distilling the vecinal the temperature of the bodies increasing oil from said cracking by eva retin it in the direction of dow, increasing the preeunder a reduced ressure in anothgr poiion gute 0f ,the oil on the bodice ucsivply of the circuit, an separately collectiii conn l the 011 0f 50W0f 011 mmfillmg 1 donante from the distillations in the iiferhlghlyhted llld l'dltlvly fresh ent. portions of the circuit. the heet -mpl'atllm bodyhtlmn A continuous process of cracking oil P011 through H18 bOdie Il i t Pa comprising circula oil in a closed cycle telll'l'nt l0 he @0W 0fv 011 through the circuit, cracking the oi by distillation under bodies, and. removing and condeni .vama u high pressure and temperature in one or- POPE lelvlllg the lOweBt @I HPGIQWN yg tion of the circuit, eva rati the resi ual rl'ss of tica higher boiling oil from said cracking y dislhition of the point hy ocarhons to p nce lower oil under reduced pressure in another por. ing point hy. bons .therefrom compristion of the circuit, prehea oil under preel? Plmg 0l! m 811.0098810 l *n8 Il eine, and inserting it into crackin porg coniprhnents of l cracking non of :he circuit and ce rarely ccllgcctu' F increasing the pressure of the oil n1 wh condensatee from the dietilationa in the di 0f, the Uudl mpm htm the ferent portions of the circuit 011 t0 bo trg! 8. A .continuous procegs of cr 0i] ducing it into the compartment having iis cle circuit, cracking' oi-l by disci stay.. formed in tbeoil the bodies of'the h igh pressure and temperature in one r. oil in the compartments in apath countertion of the circuit, evaporating` the resi ual 0l11'rei`1t to the circulation of the oil thereoil from said by distillation unthrough, and conde-using the vabors leav- 120 der reduced pressure in another rtion of in t theV circuit, preheatinE oil undeipopleeeure A process of treating high boiling hyand inserting it into t e cracln' circuit, separately collecting the conhydrocarbons t mp donante from the distillations in the dileroi usan upright column through a series 125 ent `Portions of the circuit, and adding the ofcompartmenta of a cracking con ensate from the evaporation to the nn succession, supglying oil to the top of each cated. to be treated m- 9. The continuous procese of cracking oil der pressure separa' vapors from the comprising oil in a closed cycle heated oil and introdtulcnigg them atthe botu .usb -denaation Y 'enteinthe evaporator by aoreontheol, returning ithgudm f tren' 6.' roces o in int bonbons to Yp nce owerbo co of .mg oil to'he'treated un est toni of the oil onlumn in tem-1' artmenkanol tngtho in a flow oi ouilthrough eut redneing the pressure of the oil 1n each oi the mfartmente in auceeseon in the 'on ow of the vapors, and con EL.

pore leaving the top eoxupartment o recom of treatin Vhigh'- froearhons to Krodue lower boiling' docu-bons t erefrom compr point h will? aaamgoil nsuocessionthro haoeneeo gm :E

ta of -a crahng ber, heatder premere and in* troducing it intothe highest temperature cnpai'tmengfnutealing thgI praure and perature 'o o in ea. compartment in ou, emla residue oil from the highest tempera com t thro an evaporator, removing hy the lower boiling point constituredncngthe preethe evaporator nil residue while hot to t e lowest temper ture compartment of the chamber, and vapore leayin the lowest tempera- 'tune compartment of chamber Y 15. A roees of treating h' neto produce Iihwer bo* point hy lng 'point hydrocarbons therefrom comprisingpassing oil in succession through a eeriesnf compartments of a cra eham ber, heating the oil to be trea under pressun, and introducing it 'late the 4.

est tern ture com rtment, e. thresem? and tempretumpf the oil in arulatfrom the highest temperature ugh a eolica of e'raiorolm8 @www inea, wing timeY of the oil rn eaohrmporating ..1 hreneeesmon, sepa eonformed m each compartment heat interoli with incoming um tree oil, anti adding the condensate! to .'.poiht hydrocarbons therefrom compne- 'passnoil as en up' t column suecesson't ro h a series o compex-mute ber, :nain ,soeceseively her tem' aud p in eaeli of e successive emparhnentn, su plying oil from the bottom of one eemp ment to` the top of the ment, heating' ml to sure, separating va troducmg thenLat e bottom of the high temperature eompartmeut,' introducing the heated oil at the top of the eet temperaturo compartment, passing e -vapors he treated under through of oil therethrouh, eon

due

oon

eon- Y ntrollng Ypatheoun oompart-olthrogh therefrom an ,ini

compartments `in on to the direction oi the ow lensing vapors loew ,perature oom a circulating oil resi from the hi 'teml' perature com t t h an evapora or, condensing t vapo ormed inthe evaporatormnd ret the oil residue fromthe evaporator to ature compartment of through the eountercurrent ing the lowest e Inweb(- temper the cracking cham: 1l

.'l. An oi dikt'lli'ng apparatuseomprsi a-plpe still; e vapor separator eennecttn the still, a cracking cham a series of eompartmehts, conductors for 00 lending oil and means for leading vapors from en e oom rtment to the in said redde for new .of oi! and vapori through the eompartments, means for leading oil and meausfor leading vapori from the-aeparator-t'o the mt e vapors, andA e lasteom artf ment of the cracking chamber in the tion of flow o! the vapore.

.18. An oil distilling a params compria-- ingaoraelnghamber vlngaeeriesof eompartmenls, eohduetors for leading eil and vapors from one cougaar-ement go un v5 meham thoilgistilling apparatus eonilzn'ieO der iemurethroughthe i' still ehanlber, au evaporator animera! Il e for in'ewh @vom een'the iii-st eom .Y .swdwww w nected with each.. eoinigartment, meanato I to the path-of dow o! th.com remue a eonnectionlhetw and the oraeing' vll ingacraeking odwith into ne g l www hving' eof'onnectedeol'npertments, -tur for oiifronithe enpotetoneol: .means fonoontrolling the pressure in e'aelr ,tothe cracking chembeg, )ed e Tam om w l unneion between the 'connectodyiththe 'other and the first compert'- 22.* An oil-distilling 'eppoi-etna comprismet, n condenser eonnected'with eaohcoming e pipe s'tll, n oreckingjchember, meme eri4 pertinent, Ineens to 'conduct oil througlthe iunior-oi oil 4frol'nthe pipe tillito the eondnsers 1in. meceason, md.- introduce, .it lumber, op evlpoi'stor, means' for into the st' means for controlling the' leading oil fromthe cracking ohambexy .vxpor the' condenser@ 'mea'nej-tp is evmretoxr; meins for. conucting residlg introduce. condensate the. -oondense`rs into the oil qirciihplssxtx lto the tKipe still, chamber, xicondenser connected -wifh' the' and s eonde'meroonn with1 e creek! cmcin'ng chambert and means inthe oonnee-V.

for .fotoni oil from the pipe still into the heayresidnee troni-the in chexber. e tion between thepipestill andb the elfackng L An' distillin ipparetns eomp'schambexf and between the evnporetol: ind the ing s' pp'e' still, or chamer, ineens crackmg chamber for remou when "md u wing' therec rlhng amber, in evaporate through. withtheoreckingohember, g. oon enseil leon- In testimony whereof! eix' my igneture.

nected with the eve ntor meansto conam mem@ t epipesziu, e conauo- HENRY- L. DOHEBTY.

e evaporator back tothe crwckmg 3U,

,means for controlling the pressure in each into the pipe stili, means for controlling the pressure in the condensers, meansj toV com artment, a connection between the crac ing chamber and the first compartment, a condenser oonnectedwith each' compartment., means to conduct oil through-the condensers in succession, and introduce .it

vapor introducecondensate from the. condens'ers l into the oil circuit passing to t-he ipe still,

and a coudenserconnected with't e cracking chamber. i

' 21. An oilf distillingapparatus 'comprising a' pipe' still, a cracking chamber, means for forcmcr oil from cracking c amber, an evaporato withthecracking chamber, a con enser connected with the evaporator, means to cn duct condensate to' t evpipe still, a conducthe pipe still into the tor for leading oi'Lfromthe evaporator .back tothe cracking chamber, and a condenser connected with the cracking chamber.

22.`An oildis'tilling 4apparatus comprising a pipe Still, a cracking chamber, means `forforcin oil fromthe pipe 'stillirito thel cracking 'c iarnber, a n evaporator, means for leading oil from the cracking chamber vto the eva orator; means for. conucting residue 'from 't 1e evaporator back tol the cracking chamber, a condenser connected with the cracking chamber, and means in the connection between the pipe still andthe cracking' chamber and between the evaporator and the cracking chamber for removin carbon and' heavyV residues from-the oil flgowing therethrough. l

In testimony whereof 1 aix my signature.

HENRY L.V DOHERTY.

' eri iiledMa'wh ai 1934, bythe se;

ughfprewiosly heated DISCLAIMER 1,597,674.-Henry L. Doherty, New York, N. Y; DISTILLATION 0F OIL. Ifatent dated August 31, 1926. Disclaimer filed March 8, 1934, by the assignee, Doherty Research Company.

Hereby disclaims: *n

(a) From claims 6 and 10 of said Letters Patent, any recess 111 Winch oil m the closed cycle circuit is subjected to heat otherwise than t ough previously heated oil which is introduced to the circuit.

(b) From claim 21, any apparatus in which thev conductor for. leading 011 from the eva rator back to the cracking chamber is connected 'to the pipe still.

[Q ial Gazee March .97', 1934.]

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