US159075A - Improvement in atmspheric-air compressors for working engines - Google Patents

Description

I S SheetS SheGH. C. CAROBBI, 81- G. BELLINL- Atmospheric-Air-Compressor for Working Engines.

N0 .l59,075. Patentedlan.26,1875.

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v 3Sheefs-Sheet2. C. CAROBBI 81 G. BELLINI.

At mosp heriUAR-Compressor for Woi'king Engines NO }5Q,075 Patented'lan.26,187 5.

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Witnesses:-

M. v k WWW?" I 3Sheets--Sheet3 C. [;A B0 BBI & G. BELL! NI. At'mospheric-Air-Comprassor, for Working Engines;

Patentedlan. 26,1875

- Urrrrnn CESARE' CAROBBI AND GIUSEPPE BELLINL 0F PISTOJA, ASBiGNQR-S 53F ONE-THIRD THEIR .RIGHT 'liO JOi-iitl BEYNGLDS, (3F PRATD, ITALY.

lillPliOVEiliEliT lN ATMQSFHERlC-MR CQMPRESSGRS FOR WORKlNG ENGlNES.

Spaoilicctiou formingrport of Letters Patent No. 15%,6525, dated January 26,1875; application tiled Mo 28, um,

the Kingdom of Italy, halve invented a Pro;-

cess and Machine for Working Locomotive and other inotire=poworEiigii1es by'meons of atmospheric hir, compressed by the combustion of fnlmiuatin}; matters, in substitution of steam, offwhich the ioiiowing is a. specification':

' Carded cottomheinp or linen tow, shreds of torn rags oi the above 'llifliallfil,l)lohtllig. papennnd other similar snhstztnces, trcnteii with a mixture of concentrated ozotic and sulphuric acid when ignited develop an extraordinary explosive force without producing smoke or leaving any residue, or dirtying or deteriorating the vessel in which they have been burned; This explosive force weapply to sctting in motion on apparatus, to which we have given the name of the atmosphericoir compressor, by inching smnll hells, which we call charges, of any of the ahoveuinineii fnhninating substances, and causing them to fall and. then explode by means of an electric sparkbetween the pistons of two sets of cylinders placed in juxtaposition on a right line, and which pistons, driven by the explosions in two opposite directions, force and compress V the air contained in the cylinders into air-tight tanks. .-lhe, ni.r'so compressed is conducted from these tanks to the propelling mechanismusuol in steam-engines, and in its passage n h- 'sorbing the heat that has been developed by combustion, its elnstic potency will he in creased, and in this stntefwill not with all its expensive power, and in'the some way as steam acts. Thus this compressor and the airtight tanks take the place of the boiler and furnace in the usual construction of. steamengincs, and can be applied to any engine where motive power is required.

We now refer to the three accompanying drawings to explain the construction and action of our invention.

Drawing No. 1 is a longitudinal section, in elevation, of the apparatus, obtained by the intersection of a. vertical plane across its mid (11c; Figure 1, Drawing No. 2, a front View of the compressor; Figs. 2 and 3, tronsversol sec 'tions of the some, respectively, token inthe points corresponding to the lines a b it b of Drawing No. 1; Fig. 1, Drawing No. 3, o horizontal section of the compressor, taken upon the line c d of Drawing No. 1; Figs. 3, 4i, and 5,.snndry transverse sections, and Fi 2 the principal, pieces together, of which the conr pressor is composed.

f is a. piece of cost-iron, so formed. that nscciion. of itrhoing; incile'cs indicated by the (w en lines i a r 8, Fig. 2, Drawing 3, shows that it is composed oi three concentric cylindrical portions, the largest of which is between the other two. This picco-fhns two perforattions, one oilwhiclnn, Drawing 1, is trans, verse nn'il l orizontnl, and the other, I perpcniiiculnr to n, which, oounnencing at the upper circuiniercnco of f, terminates at its center, whero'there are two other small conical perforations opposite to each other on at right linecrossing the hell of the perforation h. l

l are two hollow cylinders, catch formed of n steel core, 0, Figs. 3 and 4, Drawing 3, around which is a hand of copper, surmounted by it bronze; cylinder, having in its inner siiie o spiral groove or female screw, and these three layers united together at both extremities by a circulars ring form but one piece. These two cylinders (the one to the right, the other to thelei't) are attached to f by means of the short cylindrienl projections of this piece, be-

ing nnnlc to enter into them, and causing a ring of each cylinder to come iii-contact with the, remainder of the piece f, Fig. 2, Drawing 3. By theother ring Ell} the farther extrcnr ity of the cylinders l 1, they are each joineil to another cnstiron cylinder of lnrgerdinnn etc-r, man, and these latter are closed at their other ends by means of the covers T, These four cylinders are thus. pissed on the some horizontal right iine, and together with the picccfibrni a. connected symmetrical wholfi,

solidly held together by sixteen rery rohnst steel ties, t, Dre-wing; 3. The cylinders 5 5 have each metallic piston, k, terminating nt the end iiGWit-i'll j in. a smell cone, which serves. to .iill the conical holes 2? in that piece.

the other cini, and forming one piece with the piston, there is to such nftnehcii n rc'otnngnhtr em, g, which serves, io j0in-them to pistons gdox, which shows the quantity of oharge oi the cyiiniie e firm, Drawing 1. Ineiaiecyithatbecome coneumeihinforder to regulate moors an m, and nearthe covers ii, there is their repetition; but even ehoniii the machinineneh a metallic disk, Z, that can slide in iet fail to give atiention to this index, a smell them, to which are fixe two smell cylinciem bell, T, struck by 9- hammer, gives the oppor' thee slide in fl each containingnn automatic .tune signals. veivc, d" d. :2" opens from on'osicie to the I As the spring which gives movement; to this inside of. cyiinders on m, and, eoznmnnicaiee mechanism would soon lose'ifis necessary .ten-l' with the atmosphere. d opens in a like mension, ate-very turn of the wheel R its force is 1 er, and the tube in which i? is conieinecl restituted by means of the piece P moved by? slides in another tnhefixcci to the cover '1, and the piston K and the levers M a mi ii, pivoted. which serves-to melm thecylinden; m m coinin-ZI The said piston K NOVBScfl-ESG the oymimiceie Wfih the compressed-air ienks e e, iimlrical rod that traverses throngh'tlie hole @i'ewingo lend 2. These tanks are two hoiof the pieoef, 1)ivoieii to the balance-shaft low CSiilifjGTS, of iflfiiigiliiiOll or steel, very R E", Fig. 1, il ran'ingfzi.v v strong, commimiceiing with each other by To put; the apparatus in motion, the conical: means the smell. horizontal tubes A, A B 1%, tubes p are filled by hand with fniminsitiogone furnished with safety-wives E E. The charges-,end the clock-work. rnovemenfiset eeiil woke receive ihe eoiopresscd air from free. The wheel R takes a chemo from'one cyiimlere mm. They are pieced pemliei to of the tubes and ieteii; fall through the pereeoii other undo-i zine compi'eseor in its loi gifomtion Ii into the center of the pieoe f. in ioiiinel eiireoeioii, which mm upon them. the other perforation, ii, there is the cylindri- The hero the-i eniie the pistons K and g, eel mi above *tha'b'eeis as e vol-Ye, and whieh have imnei'ereeiy inserted in them sundry aepring tends to-impel in a contrary dime smell eieei cylindore, 1, 2, 3,&o.,-Fig. LDm-JW- tion to the arrow, Fig; 1, Drawing 3, but is inge l anri 3, which, acting like teeth, move withheld by the verticai IOii y, Figs. 1 and the emaii wheels "a ead these the iotis V, in 3 Drawing 2, in order that; the liolein its which ohey are fixerlr m ceoh cxti'emity of media may coincide with the peefomtion I", These rode floor-e is 2. onion, similar in form to and let the oherge pass, but iinmeiiiateiy tliio theorem of a watch, which is heid firiniy by has token-place the clock-work movement lifts "the ce'ich igeonnectiad witim email trick-wheel, 'ihe-roii 3 and the cylindrical i-oii i nov'ee fori, fii/iiicii can turn at pleasure, and. so tighten word, infiersecizing the perforation h, anal inn eflepirai spring melosed m the eaici drum, one prisoning the'oherge in the centercff, where, end of which epring is fixed io'the roii V, the at the opportune moment, on electric spar oziiei ro the drum. when the pisnona -ii, ignites it. A large quantity of gas is develimven from the piece oythe expiosion oi the oped, and ibeelesti'c force, acting. upon the niafnlminating-elmrgo, arrive at the end of their tons K, drives them in opposite directions stroke, and their force, event, ihisi spring without the explosion causing theleasi, jaw is eerves to push them back" to their startingthe apparatus, in consequence of 1118 two eonpoint. Afithe apeeime 0:,1Drawing 1,"there imaiy directions given'io the pistons neutral are three conio'ei tubes, 19, lixeii wijzls'their izing the shock.

e-pex turned downward io ooirculer revolving The pistons g, which are united 'to the pie 7 plane, toothed at its periphery. These mm, tons K, as soon as they move will close the (eaehfurnie'iiezd wiiii'a iar'ge eai'eiy valve, 3,) valves 1), compress the air of the Qi'iliiiiGI'S in are for reoeivingtho eliminating-charges. A which they work, and force the wives ii to handle turned by the mechiniit causes the open and mlmitb the compressed air to pwe circular plane on which they are fixed to re into the tanks 0 s, when, "having oil-rived oi voive, end-brings iheminioommunicetion 3110- the endoftheir stroke, and spent their 1?- eeseiveiy with the periphery oi a wheel, 13.,- pnlsive force, wiil immediately recede-egaiin Fig.3,Dmwinge1mid 2, which wheel, turning, toward their starting point. and; hy their 'oliom initlie np gei poshof ilmwingjl,MA, iiokoflj timrgj.

preeenm' oi: eeoii of its revolutions e hole that book 'stroke, the ,gas'ihm, may have oecumn .ieceix'ee 2, charge and. pieoipiteioe ii into the levied in. cylinders l i from the expiosion viii yerfore-iion h, wheze iii-ails by its own weight be driven up the perforation h, and pass out into (he center of the piece f. gin'io the atmosphere through the openings in A very simple clock-work ei'mngemeni, A, Fig ,3, Drawing -2. At the book of the ili.,lih5ii(! 11illiih top oie consisting oi ii, iiinn, in which is confined. a the covers '1 from concussion, in coo-ethic pieepiing'tending to expend-or unroii, givee, by ions 9 should not; at the end of their choice the iniemosiiion of a small iootheii wheel; have spent their entire fogce. The eoinpreseeil movement; to the wheel R, foo receiving the, air is conducted from the ii inks by the iuiwo i) charges, itgilliilfill by e h'rnlco moved by the D, and, passing through the groovee of the handle H, and placed on the periphery of 3, cylinders l t, iethore increased in tension by fly-wheelconnectedtoiheniovemeni, The rod ehsorbing the hem,v that has been confinemupon which iho spring in the drum acts, being eetecl to them by the comhnsoi on oi the formed as escrow, gives iflOVf'lilijlli; too. whee charges. Thie gives the double eilventoge of the rod of which, being also a screw, moves keeping the center oi the piecef cool, which inioiher,n'hich iiae' fixeii n Q01! its an inis necessary to evoiil'the sponianeons oomimesir.

tion of the charges, and at the same time increasing the motive power the compressed In theltnbes II.) D there isll a 1valve openirlig nn erneat u ward,w ieipreventstle heated compressed air returning into the tanks, notwithstanding that the equilibrium ween the air in them and that that has bet through the tubes has been destroyed,

a con sequence of the greater tension acquired by the latter from heating. From the grooves of the cylinders l l the compressed air passes, by the tubes Q Q, into a single tube, L,where the govcnor, moved by handle Q, introduces it, by means of the tubes X, into the usual cylinders employed in steam-engines for comnunlcating motion to the machinery, and becomes a force capable of being distributed to an; operating mechanism.

t now remains to be shown how the folminating-eharges are ignited. In the longitudinal middle of the apparatus, as seen in Drawing 2, on the rightrhsnd side of Fig. 3, there are two Daniel batteries of the Minotte type, B, placed in a box resting on several spiral s rings, and connected to asuspended table. ese batteries put in activity a Buhmlrorfl coil, 3. The positive and negative currwnts that pasrtrom this -coil communicate with two upper plates, insulated from each other by an ivory plate, and, in consequence, the positive current bitnrcst in thecenter of pieee j; with which it is insulated. The valve that incloses the t'nlminating-charges in this point has in its prolongatiou V two projections, terminating in a spring. our: of git! commnriitatesTconstantly :vith t nega ve copper p ate. he other, w iere the Salve is held back by the piece Y-, is in contact with the ivory plate, and the electric circuit is open, and no effect is manifested in the center of f conlainin the charges, but immediately the above va ve is left lice from 1 it moves, and the other projection communicates with the positive copper plate, the

current becomes closed, and the electric spark.

shoots from the positive to the negativepole, and in its passage traverses and ignites the fnlmiuatiug-charge.

Having now described the principles of our invention, we may add that the advaptages we expect to.be realized from it are many and important, especially in its application to locomotive and marine enginesz 'First, in economy. The fulminating matter would cost much less than coal. For locomotives the tender, and waste of power for dragging it tilled with water and coal, would be saved, and in sea-going vessels much less space than that occupied for bunkers, coal, &e., would es and penetrates be required. The coal, and time expended for getting up steam; would also he saved, as an engine, worked on our invention, would only consume when in action, and would always be ready to start, as the tanks 0 c might always be .kept charged with compressed air; but should they not be so, it being easy to repeat the ignition of the charges with great'rapidity, the pressure could be got up in a few minutes, and when in action the power and velocity can be regulated as required by slackening or increasing the rapidity of the discharges. Secondly, in the total absence of smoke, especially in tunnels, stations confined localities, and aboard ships.

Thirdly, obviating, in marine engines, the risk of running short of coal on the voyage, atmospheric air being always present.

We claim as our invention- 1. The combination,snbstantially as before set forth, of the charger for the explosive material, the piston for receiving the force of the explosion, and the air-compressing piston and cylinder for compressing air.

2. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of thecharger, the piston for receiving the force of the explosion, the aireornpressing piston and cylinder,and the electric apparatus for igniting the explosive ma teria I 3. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the charger, the piston for re ceiving the force of the explosion, the aircomprcssing piston and cylinder, the electric apparatus, and the compressed-air tank.

4. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the charger, the piston for recei vin g the force of the explosion, the grooved cylinder thereof, and the air-compressing cylinder and piston.

5. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the charger for the explosive material and the explosion-pistons, arranged to move in opposite directions.

6. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the two explosion-pistons and their cylinders, and of the two air-compressing pistons and their cylinders. all in the same line.

7. The combination, substantially as before set forth oi the charger, the piston for receiving the force of the explosion, the aircompressing piston and cylinder, and the spring'for etl'ccting the return movement of the said two pistons.

CESARE CAROBBI. GIUSEPPE BELLINI. Witnesses: Hsmnmt Axnnumn, Oansrs BERTINL

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