US1583704A - Electrodeposition of rubber under gas-removing conditions - Google Patents

Electrodeposition of rubber under gas-removing conditions Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1583704A
US1583704A US35612A US3561225A US1583704A US 1583704 A US1583704 A US 1583704A US 35612 A US35612 A US 35612A US 3561225 A US3561225 A US 3561225A US 1583704 A US1583704 A US 1583704A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
gas
electrodeposition
rubber
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US35612A
Inventor
Samuel E Sheppard
Leon W Eberlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US35612A priority Critical patent/US1583704A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1583704A publication Critical patent/US1583704A/en
Priority to GB12810/26A priority patent/GB253091A/en
Priority to FR616461D priority patent/FR616461A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/45—Molding using an electrical force
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/78—Processes of molding using vacuum

Definitions

  • his invention relates to processes and apparatus for electrodepositing organic materi'al, such as rubber for example, under such conditions that evolved gas is removed from the anode.
  • One object of the invention is to prov1de 'a process of electrodepositing such material in a way that will remove gases evolved at the anode from the zone of electrode osition before they produce deleterious e ects.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a process in which the gases, generated at the anode surface, are removed rearwardly from the zone of electrodeposition so as not to interfere with the movement of the material to the zone of electrodeposition.
  • the invention is to provide such a process in I which the evolved gases may be removed mechanically, either with or without the assistance of chemical gas-removing expedients. Still a further object of the invention is to provide. an a paratus in which such gas-removal is readily effected. Still another object is to provide a porous anode through which the gases may be drawn away from the active anode surface. Other objects will hereinafter appear.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross section upon an exaggerated scale of an apparatus embod ing certain features of our invention an in which our process may be conveniently carried out.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic-cross section I upon an exaggerated scale of adifierent apparatus embodying our .invention and by means of which our process may be carried paratus illustrated in our prior Patent 0.
  • a vacuum is the best means for removing.
  • the gas mechanically and we prefer to carry outthis removal by means of a porous anode, to the rear side of which a vacuum isapplied.
  • the porous'anode is connected at'its rearwith a chamber, the-pressure in which is kept materially below the pressure in.
  • the porosity of the electroconducting anodes may obviously be-varied considerably to suit different conditions, and such anodes may be formed of different materials.
  • We have found .that wire cloth or rated sheet metal may be used, but in the preferred form of our-invention we emplo' porous carbon.
  • a Where metallic wire cloth is used we can employ one of a erfoliitl highly resistant metal having'a'mesh of ,4, to inch thickness, there being 5 pore. space therein; but we, of course, do
  • Fig. 1 of thedrawing 1 represents a container in which is located an electroconducting aqueous emulsion 2 and a cathode 3.
  • I 4 represents the porous anode of the type describedabove.
  • Ob- 25 viously the anodes may have any suitable -shape,"straight, 'curvedor irregular.
  • Fi 1 it is shown as slightly curved sothat a fibric 7 drawn-across 1t Wlll move smoothly and yet make good contact therewith.
  • the anode 4 is located in one end of *chamber .5 of any suitable or referred re sist-ant gas-tight material.
  • the electrodeposition' may be made directlyupon the anode 4, or a fabr1c'7 may be drawn through the-electrolyte over the I surface of anode. 4 andin good contact 8, 9 and 10, the latter being preferably driven. 'Of course,-. the movement may be continuous or intermittent.
  • the rubber When the rubber is deposited u on the anode 4 directly, it may be strippe therefrom, as a coherent uniform sheet afterwashing and drying as indicated in our prior patent. .
  • the Q cloth is drawn slowly across the surface, the rubber is electrodepositcd in the meshes of; the fibers the'cloth in intimate relation to so as to impregnate it.
  • the degree of vacuum can be'- varied greatl', without interfering with the'prac- I portion'to'the gas evolution.
  • the gases move in Fig.1 from "the outer surfaceof an'odefi-through thefpores in the anode.
  • vessel 1 contains one or more cathodes 3 preferably surrounding the anode on all
  • rotatable anode 12 In a stationary bearing 11 of any the emulsion 1, is located rotatable anode 12,-say in the form of a hollow cylinder having a collar 13 at the'top which bears upon the bearing 11. This collar may be provided with means for actuating it, such as a pulley surface 14 operated through belt '15.
  • a closure 16 through which enters a pipe 17 by means of a stuffing box 18.
  • the pipe 17 can remain stationary, while the anode 12 and I closure '16 rotate, yet stufing box 18 main tains a sufficiently gas-tight connectionpermittingvacuum to be maintained in the hollow'anode 12.
  • the pipe 17 is connected with any suitable evacuating apparatus.
  • the emulsion 4 such as one of those described in our above cited patent, or a natural or modified latex, is located around the anode to the-desired level.
  • the current is then'started, the vacuum being created in the anode'12-at about the same time that the electrodeposition starts, or even before it.
  • the plating practice preferably follows that described in our above cited patent.
  • WVhen 'a de osit of rubber 21. has formed to a suita le thickness, it may be treated in the usual manner, such as by stripping it off and vulcanizin'g it or vulcanizing in situ and then removing it.
  • Sodium hydrosulfite is also very useful.
  • concentration of these bodies will vary in accordance with the difliculty in combating the evolved gas. It is a'simple'adjustment for any workman, to supply sufficient reducing agents for each particular case.
  • These reducing agents which are preferably sulfo-bodies, form on electrolytic oxidation, polythionates which assist in maintaining dispersion of colloidal sulfur and may assist in the vulcanization process itself.
  • pension of organic material a gas-permeable anode, and'means for w1th rawmg gas rearwardly from the surface of sa1d anode.
  • an electrodeposition apparatus for e use withan aqueous electroconductingemuL sion of rubber particles movable toward the anode, a porousanode, and-a vacuum chamber connected to the rear of said anode.
  • an electrodeposition "a paratus for fuse with an aqueous electrocon ucting emulsion' of organic material, a gas-permeable anode, means for removing as rearwardly from the active face of sand anode, and

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Description

May 4,1926. 1,583,704 v s. E. SHEPPARD ET AL msc'rnonsr'osrrxou or RUBBER UNDER GAS azuovme scum-nous I Filed June s, 1925 FIQL. v .10
an 1 Folk "rpm in um A I mwz zvrox Samuel/ E. Sheppard ($139011 WEberZiw,
I ATTO EY.
Patented Mays, I
UNITED ST TES smear. a. snar'raan Ann LEON w. anrmm, ohL-aooaasrnaimw YORK, aa-
SIGNOBS TO EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, OF BQOHESTEIF, NEW YORK, A COB- .ronarron '0! NEW roux.
' nnnc'raonnrosrrxon or Brianna UNDER oAs-annovmo connrrrons.
Application filed June 8, 1925. Serial No. 85,812.
To all whom it may mom:
ram) and LEON W. EBERLIN, subject of the King of Great Britain, and a citizen of the United States of America, respectivelhresiding at Rochester, in thecounty of. on-
roe and State of New York, have invented ing i's a full, clear, and exact specification.
his invention relates to processes and apparatus for electrodepositing organic materi'al, such as rubber for example, under such conditions that evolved gas is removed from the anode.
One object of the invention is to prov1de 'a process of electrodepositing such material in a way that will remove gases evolved at the anode from the zone of electrode osition before they produce deleterious e ects. Another object of the invention is to provide such a process in which the gases, generated at the anode surface, are removed rearwardly from the zone of electrodeposition so as not to interfere with the movement of the material to the zone of electrodeposition.
the invention is to provide such a process in I which the evolved gases may be removed mechanically, either with or without the assistance of chemical gas-removing expedients. Still a further object of the invention is to provide. an a paratus in which such gas-removal is readily effected. Still another object is to provide a porous anode through which the gases may be drawn away from the active anode surface. Other objects will hereinafter appear.
In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic cross section upon an exaggerated scale of an apparatus embod ing certain features of our invention an in which our process may be conveniently carried out. I
' Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic-cross section I upon an exaggerated scale of adifierent apparatus embodying our .invention and by means of which our process may be carried paratus illustrated in our prior Patent 0.
Arsu'r lorries.
V a d an'outgrowth'of the process and a i Be it known that we, SAMUEL E. Sara 1,476,374, December 4, 1923, for electrodepoatively high current densities. nder such circumstances gas, like oxygen, may be libsition of rubber coatings. When rubber or equivalent organic material is depositedv from an electroconducting aqueous emulsion thereof upon an unattackable anode, the dep-.v ositlon may be speeded by em loying relthis evolved gas may be wholl or substanthis removal is rearward from the anode surface, that is, the gas passes-away from the anode surface on the side of the-latter opposite to that from which the rubber partlcles come. The result is especially useful when theelectrodeposited rubber is to be stripped from the anode surface as a smooth sheet of suitable continuity and uniformity.
We have found that a vacuum is the best means for removing. the gas mechanically and we prefer to carry outthis removal by means of a porous anode, to the rear side of which a vacuum isapplied. Stated differently, the porous'anode is connected at'its rearwith a chamber, the-pressure in which is kept materially below the pressure in. the
active electrolyte.
The porosity of the electroconducting anodes may obviously be-varied considerably to suit different conditions, and such anodes may be formed of different materials. We have found .that wire cloth or rated sheet metal may be used, but in the preferred form of our-invention we emplo' porous carbon. Of course, we do not wis to be limited to these examples, except as indicated in the appended claims, since the principles of our invention may be applied in many different. ways. A Where metallic wire cloth is used we can employ one of a erfoliitl highly resistant metal having'a'mesh of ,4, to inch thickness, there being 5 pore. space therein; but we, of course, do
not, wish to be limited to these characteristics,- since the porosity and thickness-may vary widely without interfering with the the action of the vacuum tends not only to effectiveness of our invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 of thedrawing, 1 represents a container in which is located an electroconducting aqueous emulsion 2 and a cathode 3. I 4 represents the porous anode of the type describedabove. Ob- 25 viously the anodes may have any suitable -shape,"straight, 'curvedor irregular. In
Fi 1 it is shown as slightly curved sothat a fibric 7 drawn-across 1t Wlll move smoothly and yet make good contact therewith. The anode 4 is located in one end of *chamber .5 of any suitable or referred re sist-ant gas-tight material. hamber 5, is connected by pipe iii with any suitable vac uum source, such"=as a pump or asp rator (not shown).
The electrodeposition' may be made directlyupon the anode 4, or a fabr1c'7 may be drawn through the-electrolyte over the I surface of anode. 4 andin good contact 8, 9 and 10, the latter being preferably driven. 'Of course,-. the movement may be continuous or intermittent. When the rubber is deposited u on the anode 4 directly, it may be strippe therefrom, as a coherent uniform sheet afterwashing and drying as indicated in our prior patent. .When the Q cloth is drawn slowly across the surface, the rubber is electrodepositcd in the meshes of; the fibers the'cloth in intimate relation to so as to impregnate it. u
' The degree of vacuum can be'- varied greatl', without interfering with the'prac- I portion'to'the gas evolution. The gases move in Fig.1 from "the outer surfaceof an'odefi-through thefpores in the anode.
\ -"Qinto chamber 5 aridtheiie through [pipe 6' tothe'evacuatin'g apparatus. If some liquid.
.Iiis draw through-the the mode 4 into E'the chamber 5 .ifianay be removed i by draining awayunder 'vacuum'or anyj sides. 7 suitable type, preferably above the level of therewith, sayover suitable rolls, such as" tice 0 our invention. In fact, it is preferother suitable expedient. Usually there is no trouble from such liquid. The current densities and voltages are preferably of the order of magnitude of those indicated in our'prior patent cited above. The nature of the current (continuous, pulsating, etc.) may also be varied so long as it is eflectively unidirectional,even an unbalanced A. C.
current may be useful.
Where the electrodeposition of rubber takes place into the fabric 7 the action of the kind described in our above cited prior patent where non-conducting objects were rendered suitable for receiving the deposition by impregnating them with solutions of electrolytes. The emulsion with which the fabric is wetted or saturated performs this function. It will be noted that remove the gases rearwardly from the anode zone but likewise may tend to some extent to maintain the sheet 7 in contact with the anode 4. r
In Fig. 2 a difl'erent form is shown. The
vessel 1 contains one or more cathodes 3 preferably surrounding the anode on all In a stationary bearing 11 of any the emulsion 1, is located rotatable anode 12,-say in the form of a hollow cylinder having a collar 13 at the'top which bears upon the bearing 11. This collar may be provided with means for actuating it, such as a pulley surface 14 operated through belt '15. In the top of the anode 12 is "a closure 16 through which enters a pipe 17 by means of a stuffing box 18. The pipe 17 can remain stationary, while the anode 12 and I closure '16 rotate, yet stufing box 18 main tains a sufficiently gas-tight connectionpermittingvacuum to be maintained in the hollow'anode 12. The pipe 17 is connected with any suitable evacuating apparatus.
Electric cont-act with the anode 12 is maintained by any suitablemeans, such as a metallic conductin ring 19 mounted thereon, against 'Whic bears a brush 20 mounted on the lower face of bearing 11.
The emulsion 4, such as one of those described in our above cited patent, or a natural or modified latex, is located around the anode to the-desired level. The current is then'started, the vacuum being created in the anode'12-at about the same time that the electrodeposition starts, or even before it. The plating practice preferably follows that described in our above cited patent. WVhen 'a de osit of rubber 21. has formed to a suita le thickness, it may be treated in the usual manner, such as by stripping it off and vulcanizin'g it or vulcanizing in situ and then removing it.
Obviouslya fabric, to be impregnatedwith rubber, may be drawn acrossthe rotating anodein'timed relationto its movement, this operation being similar to that described '--and illustrated in connection with Flg. 1,
suitable rolls being, used.
The removal of the gas mechanically may be supplemented by the use of chemical deoxidizing materials in the electrolyte. Thus we mayv add to the rubber emulsion sodium or ammonium sulfite or thiosulfate.-
Sodium hydrosulfite is also very useful. The concentration of these bodies will vary in accordance with the difliculty in combating the evolved gas. It is a'simple'adjustment for any workman, to supply sufficient reducing agents for each particular case. These reducing agents, which are preferably sulfo-bodies, form on electrolytic oxidation, polythionates which assist in maintaining dispersion of colloidal sulfur and may assist in the vulcanization process itself.
Having thus described our in ention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: v
1. The process of depositing organic material on a gas-permeable anode surface,
which comprises bringing said surface into contact with an electroconductmg aqueous suspenslon'of said matenahJpassing a depositing electric current through said surface and suspension,the-current-density beingsuch that gas is evolved-adjacent said surface, and removing said gas rearwardly from said surface." I I Y 2. The process of'depositmg rubber on'a gas-permeable anode surface which comprises bringing said surface into contact with an electroconducting aqueous emulsion of said material, passing a depositing electric current throughsaid surface. and. emulsion, the current density being such that gas is evolved at the anode, and removing "said gas rearwardly from said surface.
3. The process of depositing organic material on a gas-permeable anode surface,-
which comprises moving said surfacewhile in contact with an'electroconducting aqueous emulsion of said material, relative to said emulsion, passing a depositing electric our ing said movement, the current density being such that gas is evolved'adjacent said surface, and removing said gas rearwardly from said surface during said movement. I 4. The process of de ositin'g organic material in a fabric whic comprises locating said fabric on a gas-permeable anode in contact with aqueous electroconductingemulsion of said material, passin a depositin electric current through sai 'sl'irface an f'ment. rent through said surface and emulsion duremulsiomand removing gas liberated at the anode rearwardly fronfsaid surface away from said fabric.
5. The process of depositing rubber in a fabric which comprises moving saidfabric across a gas-permeable anode in contact with 'ing electric current through said surface and emulsion, and removing any as evolved at said surface which is not acts upon by said -educing agent, rearwardly from said surace.
7. In an electrodeposition' apparatus for use with an electro-conducting aqueous .sus-
pension of organic material a gas-permeable anode, and'means for w1th rawmg gas rearwardly from the surface of sa1d anode.
Bill
.8. In an electrodeposition apparatus for e use withan aqueous electroconductingemuL sion of rubber particles movable toward the anode, a porousanode, and-a vacuum chamber connected to the rear of said anode.
9,. In an electrodeposition "a paratus for fuse with an aqueous electrocon ucting emulsion' of organic material, a gas-permeable anode, means for removing as rearwardly from the active face of sand anode, and
means for holding a fabric adjacent said .anode. In an electrode osition apparatus for 10. use with an aqueous e 'ectroconducting emul- S1011 of organic material, a gas-permeable ,anode, means for moving said anode during electrode ositionj,"-a'nd means for withdrawmg gas rom said anode during said move- 7 '11. In anelectrodeposition apparatus, a
gas-permeable anode, said anode including a cylindrical-portion rotatable about its axis,
and-means for withdrawing gas from the interior of said cylindrical portion during rotation of the latter.
Signed at Rochester, New York, this 2nd day of June, 1925.
SAMUEL. E. SHEPPARD. LEON w. EB RLIN;
llO
US35612A 1925-06-08 1925-06-08 Electrodeposition of rubber under gas-removing conditions Expired - Lifetime US1583704A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35612A US1583704A (en) 1925-06-08 1925-06-08 Electrodeposition of rubber under gas-removing conditions
GB12810/26A GB253091A (en) 1925-06-08 1926-05-19 Improvements in or relating to the electrical deposition of organic materials
FR616461D FR616461A (en) 1925-06-08 1926-05-21 Improvement in the electrical deposition of rubber, under conditions protecting the deposit from gases developed at the anode

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35612A US1583704A (en) 1925-06-08 1925-06-08 Electrodeposition of rubber under gas-removing conditions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1583704A true US1583704A (en) 1926-05-04

Family

ID=21883740

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US35612A Expired - Lifetime US1583704A (en) 1925-06-08 1925-06-08 Electrodeposition of rubber under gas-removing conditions

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1583704A (en)
FR (1) FR616461A (en)
GB (1) GB253091A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862863A (en) * 1957-09-23 1958-12-02 Kenneth F Griffith Apparatus for electrolytic production of a metal product from fused salts
US3154608A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-10-27 Crown Zellerbach Corp Method and apparatus for providing optimum optical properties of polyolefins by controlling the extrusion of the material
US3219520A (en) * 1960-10-21 1965-11-23 Hawley Products Co Paper making apparatus and aerating device with electrical cleaning means
CN102492978A (en) * 2011-11-28 2012-06-13 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 Exhaust apparatus for cavity of automobile
CN107829129A (en) * 2017-11-06 2018-03-23 陈永 Electrophoretic paint coating on the surface of auto parts and a rotating air bubble collection device

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2705770B2 (en) * 1977-02-11 1980-03-06 Bego Bremer Goldschlaegerei Wilh. Herbst, 2800 Bremen Method and device for applying a base material layer to a metallic base molding in dental technology
GB0818403D0 (en) * 2008-10-08 2008-11-12 Univ Leuven Kath Aqueous electrophoretic deposition
ITMI20131472A1 (en) * 2013-09-06 2015-03-07 Next Materials S R L PROCESS FOR THE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF NON-CONDUCTIVE FABRICS WITH NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC MACROMOLECULES

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862863A (en) * 1957-09-23 1958-12-02 Kenneth F Griffith Apparatus for electrolytic production of a metal product from fused salts
US3219520A (en) * 1960-10-21 1965-11-23 Hawley Products Co Paper making apparatus and aerating device with electrical cleaning means
US3154608A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-10-27 Crown Zellerbach Corp Method and apparatus for providing optimum optical properties of polyolefins by controlling the extrusion of the material
CN102492978A (en) * 2011-11-28 2012-06-13 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 Exhaust apparatus for cavity of automobile
CN102492978B (en) * 2011-11-28 2014-03-12 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 Exhaust apparatus for cavity of automobile
CN107829129A (en) * 2017-11-06 2018-03-23 陈永 Electrophoretic paint coating on the surface of auto parts and a rotating air bubble collection device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB253091A (en) 1926-11-18
FR616461A (en) 1927-02-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US1583704A (en) Electrodeposition of rubber under gas-removing conditions
US4396474A (en) Modified carbon or graphite fibrous percolating porous electrode, its use in electrochemical reactions
SU505332A3 (en) The method of obtaining a porous diaphragm for electrolysis
US3414486A (en) Method for producing flakes of nickel
US2868702A (en) Method of forming a dielectric oxide film on a metal strip
CA1104869A (en) Process for making a metal foil and pressure printing screen
JPS6014834B2 (en) Method for wetting electrolytic cell membranes made of porous hydrophobic polymers
US4087339A (en) Electrowinning of sulfur-containing nickel
US2762724A (en) Insulated porous aluminum strip
US4369212A (en) Process for removing residues from gas electrodes
US1942183A (en) Diaphragm for electrolytic cells
US2833702A (en) Method for the manufacture of a metal relief printing plate
EP0020409B1 (en) The production of rotary screen printing cylinders
US1868206A (en) Treating electrodes
US1855809A (en) Electrodeposition of organic material
US2693445A (en) Electrolytic method for production of fluorine
US4182670A (en) Combined cathode and diaphragm unit for electrolytic cells
FR2681079A1 (en) Electrolysis device and process with a porous and agitated electrode
US1590604A (en) Electrolytic cell
US3969215A (en) Process and apparatus for removing metallic ions from an electrolytic solution
US1927661A (en) Process for treating electrodes
US1929923A (en) Permeable diaphragm
JPS59193290A (en) Electrolytic cell
US1598018A (en) Process of electrolytic decomposition of chlorides
NO812184L (en) PROCEDURE FOR ELECTROLYZING SALT SOLUTION WITH ION MEMBRANE WHICH HAS A MORPHOLOGICALLY MODIFIED SURFACE