US1578851A - Centrifugal pump - Google Patents

Description

March 30 1926. 1,578,851

- mv NTo'R B /0 Erl/,0U YM n MORNEY l Marchl 30 1926. '1,578,851

B. SAMELSON CENTRIFU'GAL PUMP Filed April 11, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 zo y IN ENTOR A March 30,1926. 1,578,351

B. SAMELSON 1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP v Filed April 11, 1924 s Sheets-sheet 5 INVENTQR MUM ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 30, 1926.

UNITED STATES :BERNARD SAMELSON, OF SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TOWGOULDS MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

To all whom z't may concer/n.'

Be it known that I, BERNARD SAMELsoN,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Seneca Falls, in the county of Seneca and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Impovements in Centrifugal Pumps, of which thc following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains and use the same.

This invention relates to a pump and aims to provide an improved device of this character, particularly adapted for use in connection with relatively thick or viscous fluids, or fluids containing foreign matter.

It 1s an object of the present invention to provide a pump which will efficiently perform the purpose for which it is intended and which will also be economically and readily manufactured and assembled.

A further object is to be predicated to the construction of a device of the character stated, particularly adapted for use in connection with fluids having the characteristics afore-mentioned, which device will be of such construction that danger of the pump becoming clogged will be reduced to a minimum.

A still further object is that of furnishing a pump which is preferably ofthe centrifugal type, and in which, by means of the improved construction afforded by the present invention, anychokin action in the impeller channels is reduce to a minimum.

Other objects of the invention will in art be obvious and will in part appear ereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts, which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth and the scope of the application of which will be i-ndicated in the claims.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through a 'centrifugal pump of the double suction type and shows a construction within the scope of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is aside view of an impeller of the open type such as is used in the construction depicted in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional vievv7 taken along lines 3 3 and in the directions of arrows indicated in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing an impeller of the closed typef Fig. 5 is a tranverse sectional viewjtaken along the lines 5 5 and in the direction of the arrows indicated inFig. 4;

Figs. 6 and 7 are somewhat diagrammatic outside diameter developments .of the impeller shown in Figs. 2 and l respectively, and

Fig.' 8 shows diagrams of the relative area of different sections of the impeller channel.

It will be noted in the foregoing drawings, that the invention has been shown as embodied in centrifugal pumps of the double suction type. It is here to be understood, however, that the invention may be employed to advantage, in certain instances, in connection with different types of centrifugal pumps; and in fact lends itself to use in pumps of numerous different types.

Referring specifically to the drawings, it will be noted that 10 denotes generally a centrifugal pump casing of the horizontal type, whichL is provided with an inlet passage or chamber 11 adapted to deliver the fluid to be pumped, along the shaft 12 to both sides of an impeller 14, to be described hereinafter. As shown in Fig. 1, the casing is also provided with a discharge passage or chamber 13 encircling the impeller for receiving the fluid as it is delivered thereby and an impeller chamber 15 is 1ocated` between the inlet passage and the discharge passage through which the shaft 12 extends.

In mounting this shaft some leakage preventing means such as, for example, .stufling boxes may be utilized, which are provided with water-seal rings adapted to encircle the shaft. Now referring to the impeller it will be noted that the same includes a body 14 constructed with a view to reducing to a minimum the choking or clogging which takes place particularly at the entr-.inceor l intake of the impeller' channels, when thick or viscous fluids or liquids carrying foreign substances are being pumped. In order to accomplish such a reduction in clogging, the cross sectional area o-f the channels at the lli vicinity of their intake entrances are inimpeller blades, which latter are termed according to certain rules so as to attain eilliciency in intake and discharge and may ordinarily not be altered Without decreasing the eiiciency olf the pump. Accordingly in torming the impeller 1d, the blades 18 are in 'the present instance disposed in staggered relation and on opposite sides of the web 21 carried by the hub 20, so as to form piun rality of staggered channel-s 19 each extending from one ot' a pair of intake chambers 19 to the discharge passage 13. By thus locating the channels it will be readily understood that any channel may be extended between the adjacent channels provided in the opposite side of the impeller; and, consequently, throughout the greater portion oi their length these channels may be nia-.de equa-l in depth to the Width or thickness oi the impeller, less the thickness of the vveb. ln the present instance, therefore, the depth ot the channels at a point adjacent the intake ports is considerably greater than the depth of the chambers 19 or the depth of the channels at the point of intake trom said chambers; and, since the impeller, in the present instance, is narrower adjacent its periphery than adjacent the hub 20, the channels, as will be observed from Figs. l, 3 and 5, attain their greatest depth at a point just beyond their intake ports. Since the thickness of the Weby is small as compared with the Width of the impeller, it may be said that the channels are substantially equal in depth to the Width or thickness of the impeller. 'llhe channels of the impeller unvder consideration are of this type, their depth being increased at a point adjacent the intake to a depth substantially equal to the Width of the impeller, thus providing the maximum space for the passage of a thick Huid at those points Where the blades begin to act on the fluid, so that the likelihood of the occurrence of any choking is greatly reduced. llt will also be observed that the channels in the present construction attain their greatest depth at a point between the intake and outlet ports, but adjacent the intake port, Where clogging is most likely to occur.

vThe relative depth of diilerent parts ot an intake chamber 19 and a channel 19 may be observed in Fig. 8 which shows sections along the lines A-h, A-(l, --D and A-E of "Fig. 2. vBy such construction a maximum cross sectional area of the channels at any desired point may be obtained without distorting the blades which are de signed in accorda-nce with accepted rules and practices.

In order to provide proper balance of the impeller on the shaftthev center lines of nevaeei the blades and therefore ot the channels may be evenly spaced. llt Will also be observed that in the present exempliiication an equal number ol blades are provided on each side ot the impeller. rThe channels on each side receive the fluid to be pumped from oppositel directions, but they alldeliver into a common discharge passage 13, which may encircle the impeller.

The mounting of the impeller on the shaft ,12 may be accomplished in any Well-known manner, such as for example providing sleeves i6 having threaded engagement with the shaft to prevent longitudinal movement and a key 17 to hold the impeller against angular movement.

The impeller shovvn in lligs. 2 and 3 is of the open type, that is, the channels are delined by walls on three sides. ln such cases the casing 10 is conveniently provided with lixed side plates 22 between which the impeller turns. As it will be observed these side plates cooperate to close the channels and in addition give a wiping action which causes the iluid to swirl thereby effecting the dislodgement of any particles that adhere to the surface of the impeller.

'.lhe second torni of impeller shown in lligs. et, 5 and 'l' islthe same as that shown in ligs. 2 and 3 with the exception that shroud plates 23 are carried by the blades 18, thus converting the open channelsinto closed channels. ln such case, the side plates y22 may be dispensed with and wearing rings same will be virtually identical.

ln the operation of a pump of this type the Huid is directed into the impeller, or piston from both ends through the inlet passage 1l of the casing or cylinder 10. The speed of flow of the iuid as it enters near the center of the impeller is in the present instance slow and tends to result in a clogging or plugging ot the impeller channels. However, by increasing the depth of the channels as described above this cloggingor plugging as the fluid is drawn into the impeller is reduced toa minimum. Accordingly when the impeller as viewed in Fig. 2 revolves counter-clockwise, forced evenly and eiioiently through the channels 19 under the action of the blades 18. All the channels 19 deliver into the common discharge passage 13, and thus pressure is developed for forcing the fluid through the delivery pipes to the desired destination'.

Since certain changes may be made in the above construction and differento embodiments of the invention could beA made Without departing from the scope thereof, it is the fluid is i lll Dsl

i of the-scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said toA fall therebetween.

I claim: n y

l. In a double suction centrifugal pump, an iiiipellei including a hub and web extending radially fi'om the hubto provide a pair of intake chambers in opposite side faces of saidimpeller, said web being distorted at 'a distance from the hub to form a plurality7 of blades and to provide a plurality of similar channels defined by said blades and communicating alternately with one and with the other of said chambers, said channels being disposed in staggered relationshi QI.) In a double suction centrifugal pump, an impeller including a hub and a web extending i'aidally of the hub to provide a pair ofintake chambers in opposite side faces of said impeller, said web being distorted at a distance from the hub to form a plurality of blades and side wall members, said blades and said members cooperating to enclose a plurality of similar channels disposed'in staggered relationship and communicating alternately with one and with the other of said chambers.

3. In a pump, a rotary impeller member including a hub, a web extending radially of said hub and being axially distorted at a distance therefrom to provide a pair of circular intake chambers of substantially equal depth and a plurality of staggered channels, alternate ones of said channels communicating respectively with opposite chambers, and each of said channels having at a. point adjacent its respective chamber a depth greater than the depth of said chamber, and means to impel fluid through said Chamber.

4. In a pump, a rotary iinpeller member including a hub, a web extending radially of said hub and being axially distorted at a distance therefrom to provide a pair of circularY intake chambers of substantially equal depth and a plurality of staggeredy channels,'alternate ones of said channels communicating respectively with opposite chambers, and each of said. channels having at a point adjacent its respective chamber a depth substantially twicev the depth of said chamber, and means to impel fluid through said chamber.

A double suction centrifugal pump comprising a casing, an impeller xed against other than rotative niovement'with'- in said casing and including a plurality of blades for impelling fluid through staggered channels between said blades, said channels .varying in depth and attaining their greatest depth substantially at those points whereat said blades become effective upon the fluid in said channels.

6. A doubleA suction centrifugal pump comprising a casing, an impeller fixed against other than rotative movement within said casing and including a plurality of blades for iinpelliiig fluid through staggered channels between said blades, said channels varying in depth and attaining a depth .sub-

stantially Vequal to the width of the iinpcllcr i at those points whcreat the blades become effective.

7. A centrifugal pump including casing and impeller members, said latter members being formed with intake and outlet ports and a channel connecting said ports, the depth of said channel being substantially equal to one-half of the width of the iinpeller at the intake port, but substantially equal to the full width of the iinpeller throughout the greater portion of the length of said channel. i

8. A double suction centrifugal pump, including a casing, an impeller member mounted within said casing and fixed against-other than rotative movement, said impeller member including a plurality of blades adapted to impel fluid through staggered channels between said blades, said channels varying in depth and attaining their greatest Vdepth substantially at those points ivhereat said blades become operative upon the fluid in said channels, the center lines of said blades and the center lines of 'said channels being alternately andA evenly spaced angularly about the impeller.

9. A double suction centrifugal pump, including casing and impeller members, said latter member being formed with 'a pluralityv of intake and outlet ports and with a plurality of staggered channels for the passage of fluid between said ports, each of said channels increasing rapidly in depth from its respective intake port and having a depth substantially equal to the width of the impeller throughout t-hey greater portion of its length.

l0. A double suction centrifu gal pump impeller to be mounted within a pump casing solely for rotative movement therein and being formed to provide a plurality of staggered channels for the passage of fluid, and i means to impel fluid through said channels at different speeds throughout different porrotative movement therein and being formed with a plurality of channels for the passage of a Fluid and including means for impelling the fluid through said channels, and means for maintaining a substantially. constant ioW of said Huid towards 4the intake ends of said channels, said channels extending radially of the bodyY of the impeller and having a relatively great depth adjacent said intake ends.

l2. A centrifugal impeller to be mounted in a casing solely for rotative movement and including a plurality of blades defining a plurality of staggered channels, the center lines of said blades and the center lines of said channels being alternately and evenly spaced angularly about the impeller. f

- 13. A pump'inoluding a casing, an impeller mounted solely for rotative movement Within said casing and being provided with Let/aaai staggered channels for the passage of liquid,

said impeller causing a movement of said liquid at different speeds throughout dierent portions of said channels, and said pump channels having their greatest depth at the point Where the speed of the liquid impelled therethrough is the slowest.

lil. A pump including a Casing, an impeller mounted solely for rotative movement Within said casing, said elements cooperating to form staggered channels connecting intake and outlet ports, said impeller being arranged to force liquid through said channels at speeds varying between said intake and outlet ports, said impeller and said casing being constructed to have the depth ot the channels greatest where the speed of the lliquid impelled therethrough is least.

ln testimony whereof l aiix my signature7 BERNARD SAMELSON.

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