US1575504A - Rotary motor - Google Patents

Description

March Z 1926. 1,575,504

o F.PRESBREY ROTARY MOTOR Original Filed June 10, 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet Z5 Patented biliar,J 2, 1926,D

UTIS F. PRESEREY, 0F BRGOKLYN, NEW -YORIL ROTARY MOTOR.

Application filed .'iiine lo, 1920, geriet To all may concern.'

e it known that I, Uris F. Pnnsanr, a citizen of the United States, and'resident of Brooklyn, in the county ot Kings and State of 'New York, have'invented certain new and useful Improvements in Motors,` o f which the following cation. f

The inventionrelates to a rotary motor capable. of varied uses and comprising, in a special construction and arrangement of parts, a rotary casing from which power may be transmitted, a stationary `shaft extending through said casing and arranged eocentrically thereto, two parallel sets of cylinders rotatably mounted on said shaft, one of said sets being high pressure cylinders and the otherV low pressure cylinders, and pistons mounted in the respective cylinders and adapted .thereto and bein free to reciprocate, not being 'fastened eit er to the stationary shaft or to theouter' case ring. The pistons are alternately provided at their outer ends with shoes and rollers to en age the inner surface of the ring or band o the exterior casing,- and the cylinders, within Rotary' is a specifiluid lat appropriate periods at their inner ends. I preferably employ within the motorl twelve'cylindeis, six being high pressure cylinders and six low pressure cylinders, and preferably these two sets of cylinders are formed in integral side by side castings suitably mounted to rotate on said shaft and confined, with their pistons, wholly within the exterior casing, which will be oil tight and contain at all times a suitable quantity or' oii for-lubrication purposes. The cylinders are radiailydisposed and preferably spaced sixty degrees apart, and said cylin- .ders are entirely open at `their outer ends so as to permit the pistons to readily perform their necessary strokes. In the opera-` tion of my motor, the cyiinder assemblies are eccentric to the center of the main Acas-` ing, and preferably the distance between the axial center ot the cylinder assemblies and the axial center of the rotarylcasing is equal to aboutone-half oit the 4stroke of the pistons in said cylinders, and hence duringtheoperation ot" the engine the pistons vthan steam, which said pistons move receive the motive fb No. .387,50. Renewed August 5, 1925.

successively engage, with driving ettect, the inner surface of the case ring and edect the rotation of the same. In the construction and operation of the motor I provide suitable ports so disposed that the Huid pressure is applied to the successive pistons when they are at their maximum inner oentenor inner position within their res ective cylinders and the are prescribed y the cylinder and the are presc'ribedby the case ring are closest together. The distance between these two arcs increases from this point and the length of the piston stroke is governed by this varying distance, The outer center of the piston stroke is one hundred and eighty degrees from its inner center, at which point the distance between the aforesaid arcs is the greatest.

I ypresent my invention herein as embodied 1n a rotary motor ada steam, but I do not con the employment of steam as the motive power, since the broader features of my invention may be embodied in an engine adapted to be operated by gases, other or liquids under pressure, it eing necessary, under such circumstances, to properly arrangey the inlet and exhaustI and provide,in'the case of explosive gases, for proper ignition. When the engine is ted r`to operate on arranged as an internal combustion engine, ymechanical means will be provided to cause the pistons to travel outwardly on their suction strokes.

The invention resides in the novel features, structure, arrangement and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed and will. be fully understood from the detailed specification hereinafter presented, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a rotary motor constructed in accordance with and embodying my invention; -'Fig; 2 is a vertical section through the same, taken on .the dotted line 2--2 of Fig., 5; Fig. 3 is a detailed vertical section through the stationary shaft and particularly of that portion thereof on which the casting for the high pressure. cylinders is mounted,ja`y

ne the invention to portion oisaid casting being shown-lili"secs-` tion, and Fig. 3 being presented more par-l .ticularly for illustrating the disposition of the orts Within said shaft and the passages leading therefrom to the respective high pressure cylinders;

Fig. 4 is a corresponding view through the shaft and a portion of the casting in which the low pressure cylinders are formed;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section, taken through the engine, on the dotted line 5-'5 of Fig. 2, but illustrating the cylinder castings as having beenso turned into parallelism that the casing, 14 a 'substantially corresponding closing plate for the other side of said casing, 15 a closing cap for the vcentralfportion of one side of the main casing, and 16 a retaining ring or plate at the opposite side of said casing. The main casing as a whole is mounted to rotate around the axial center.

of the axle 10, said casing at one side being mounted on ball bearings 17 and at the'other` side on ball bearings 18. The ball bearings 17 are held between lrace- Ways 19, 20, and the side 14 is recessed, as at 21, to receive said race-ways, the inner race-way 19` being on a cylindrical section 22 of the axle 10 and the race-Way 20 being exterior thereto and closely fitting the outer portions of the recess 21. The race- Ways 19, 20 are confined at their outer ends by a nut 23 and the aforesaid ring plate 16, which, by means of screws 24, is fastened to theside 14 of the m-ain casing. The inner edge of the race- Way 19 abuts against a shoulder 25 provided on the axle 10,' and the inner edge of the race-Way 20 abuts against an annular flange-- 26 which matches the peripheral edges of `the ring 27 adording said shoulder 25. At the outer end o f the eccentrically disposed shaft 11 there is formed a reduced section 28 upon which is mounted an eccentric 29, and upon this eccentric, by means of the aforesaid ball-bearings 18, is mounted the right hand side, looking at Fig. 5, of the main casing of the engine, the ball-bearings 18 being disposed between inner and outer race- Ways 30, 31, respectively, and the raceway 30 being set in a recess in the periphery of the ,eccentric 29 and the race-way 31 in a recess formed in the side 13 of the casing. The race-Way 31 is keptin its osition by the engagement of the inner e ges of the closing cap 15 therewith, and the race-way 30 is held in place in its recess bymeans of a retaining plate 32 and nutv 33,as will be readily understood on reference to Fig. 5.

opposite edges of the ring 12 by means ofv screws 34.

35 designates the high pressure cylinders, 36the pistons therefor, 37 the low pressure cylinders', and 38 the pistons therefor. 'The high pressure cylinders I35 are .preferably formed inv an integral hub casting 39, and the low pressure-cylinders 37 are preferably correspondingly formed in an integral casting 40, and both 'of these castings are mount ed side by side upon the eccentric shaft 11, as shown in Fig. 5.

The integral casting 40 for the low pressure cylinders has a hub portion and the series cf cylinders 37 formed therein and said cylinders are open at their outer ends and at their inner ends have inlet as shown in Fig. 4, for the admission of steam at the proper periods to act against the pistons 38. The cylinder chambers are formed radially in the casting-40, as shown in Fig. 2, and, in the construction presented,

I make use of six of the cylinders 37. These f cylinders are integral with the hub `portion ofthe casting 40 and at adjacent sides are connected together by webs42, as shown in Fig. 2. The casting 40 is mounted on a sleeve 43 located on the inner or left hand ports 41,

end ofthe eccentrically disposed shaft 11,

43, and between the race- Ways 48, 49 are' ball-bearings 51. 'The block of low ressure cylinders 37 rotates around the s eeve 43 and upon the ball-bearings 46, 51, aswill readily be understood on reference to Fig. 5.

The casting 39 for the low pressure cylinders 35 corresponds substantially, except as to proportions, with the casting 40 for the series of low pressure cylinders 37. The c linder chambers of the highressure cyliners 35 are less in diameter t an the cylinder chambers of the low pressure cylinders 37, and said cylinders A35 have open outer` ends and at their inner endsl communicate with or have orts 52 for the admission of steam to sai cylinders. The casting 39 iso side of the casting `toreceive the right hand portions of the race- Ways 48, 49, Whileat the right hand 39 the hub portion thereof is recessed, as at 54, to receive the racevvays 55,56, between which are lball-bearings 57. The casting 39 becomes thus lmounted edge ofthe castinff due binding action a upon the ball-bearings 51, 57, and, as shown 5, the^race-way 56 abuts; against inner race-Way .49 abuts against a shoulder 50 ofthe sleeve 43,l and the inner left hand 39 is adjacent to a shoulder 58 onsaid sleeve 43, While the inner race-Way 57 abuts against the end ot the `sleeve 43, said end serving as a shoulder; the castings 39, 40 are thus kept from unainst each other, and

' said castings may be urther separated by4 a if preferred, of bronze.

`which thin washer 59 of any suitable material, said Washer serving as a thrust washer and belng,

IThe Vpistons 36, 38 substantially correa though I preferably the high pressure pistons 36 either flat or make them slightly concave, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 5. There being six of the high pressure cylinders 35, there will be six pistons 36 therefor, and each alter- .nate piston. 36 Will have, at its outer end, a

roller 60 to engage the lnner surface of the case ring 12, While the other pistons 36 will carryshoes 61 to engage said inner surface lot the case ring 12, said shoes having convex outer faces and a shank portion 62 u'ponja sleeve 63 held vwith the shank portion upon a pin 64 extending through the end of the piston and bushing 63. The low pressure pistons 38 are alternately provided with outer-end` rollers 65and shoes 66, corresponding With the rollers 60 and shoes 61 of the high pressure pistons 36, and hence not requiring any speciiic description.` The rollers 60,65 are Amounted on pins 67 which extend through the bifurcated outer ends of the alternate pistons 36, 38. The shoes 66 have the same mounting as the shoes 61 and, as shown in Fig'. 5., the shoes 66 are pivotally mounted on bushings 68, held Within the outerreuds of the pistons 38 by means of pins 69. Y

Passages Aanni portsfor steam.

The intake port or passage for steam extends through the. shaft 10 and into the cclshow one except as to diameter, taper the innerends, of the low pressurel pistons 38, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5., andl 4leave the'innerends of asses between the outer bifurcateda, ends o the cyhnders and is boredV to swivel or from said slot centric shaft'11 vand is numbered 70, and said intake is shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5 and, as illustrated -breaks through the eccentric shaft 1l at the opening 71 (Fig. 3). The delivery end 71 line with a segmental slot 72 formed in the sleeve 53 on YWhich the hub or casting for high pressure cylinders is mounted, and the steam from the outlet of the intake will pass into Said slot 72 and thcrefrolninto any of the ports 52 of the cylinders 35 which may pass into line with it. In Fig.'3 we port 52 as traveling toward the slot,72, another port 52in full engagement with and traveling along said slot, and a third port` 52 as recedingfrom the slot 52 and passing upon a solid portion ot ,the s eeve 53. The inlet for live steam is, therefore, through the passage or intake 70. thence from the outlet 71' thereof into the slot 72,

and thence into such cylinders 35 as may in register or partly 1n register with said slot 72. The-steam primarily utilized in the high pressure cylinders 35 exhausts for fursomewhat' longer'slot 73, and that the ports 52 of the high pressure cylinders pass into register with said slot 73, whose purpose is to afford a passage for the exhausty fromthe high pressure cylinders, as said cylinders become aligned with said/slot. The'exhaust steam entering the slot 73 will exhaust into or` enter ports or assages 74, 75, respectively, (Figs. 3 an '5). The passage 74-is an elongated hole or passage -cu't through the eccentric `shaft 11 on a. transversely slanting line and has its outlet at 7,6, as represented in Figs. 4 and 5.

The passage or practically parallel with the 74, and finally opens into a slot 77 formed in the sleeve 43 at a point around .which the low pressure cylinders travel.- The passage or 'port 74 at its outlet 76 also discharges port or passage -into the slot 77, and hence the hifrh pressure b steam may exhaustlnto the low pressure so as to increase the port area or ca pacity to carry the steam from the high pressure sideto the low pressure side of the motor.

The exhaust, from the low pressure cylinders is frolsaid cylinders as their ports` 41 are carried along and' register with a segmental slot 78 in the sleeve 43, as shown at the right hand side of Fig. 4, and thence 78 into and through a pas-` sage or port 79 extending from within the eccentric shaft 11 through the axle or shaft 10, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5. I also Aprovide in the axle 10 a. vent passage of the intake 70 is in port 75 extends along ymotor for venting the same.

Operation.

A suitable quantity of oil may be introduced into the chambervof the main casing ot the motor for lubrication purposes, according to well understood principles. Lubrication of the cylinders and pistons may be provided for by allowing a quantity of oill to drip into'the intake steam, and excess oil after lubrication of the pistons and cylinders, is allowed to accumulate in the main casing, where it in turn lubricates the shoes G1. (56, rollers 60, 65 and case-ring 12. Any leakage of steam from the cylinders or steam generated by water condensed Irom steam-leakage, may exhaust through the passage 80, leaving the oil in the main casing and relieving the chamber of the casing from any pressure which might otherwise be produced therein.

The cylinder casings 39, 40 are both free to rotate on the ectentric shaft 11 and sleevesA 43, 53, which may be considered as parts of said shaft, and the casing rotates on the ball- bearings 17, 18.

Steam admitted through the intake passage 70 will pass from the outletport 71 ot said passage into the segmental slot or elongated port 72 formed'in the sleeve 53 and located in the upper left hand ortion, looking at Fig. 3, thereot1 and in t1e ath of the ports 52 formed in the inner en s of the high pressure cylinders 35. As the cylinder block or casting 39 rotates, the ports 52 thereof are carried along the elongated port 7 2 and receive steam there rom. Steam entering the ports 52 of the high pressure cylinders, drives 'the pistons 36 therein outwardly and this causes the shoes G1 and rollers 60 of said pistons then active to firmly engage the inner surface of the ring or baud 12 as may be seen on reference to the upper le'l't hand portion ot Fig. 2. 'lhe engagement of said shoes G1 with the ring 12 eliects the rotation of the main casing, and during this rotation the said rollers 60 slip or roll on the inner surface of the ring 12, so that the pistons under steam pressure but not actively driving the main casing may not retard the rotation of the same. As the cylinders 35 pass beyond the elongated port 72, or downwardly counterclockwise therefrom, looking at Fig. 3, the intake steam becomes cut oit therefrom, and as said cylinders 35 reach the segmental slot or elongated port 78 the steam confined in said cylinders exhausts into said port 7 S and thence into the passages 74, 7 5 and passes thence into the segmental slot or elongated port 77 in the sleeve 43, whence said steam enters, through ports 41, the low pressure cylinders 37 as said cylinders travel along said port 7 7 The steam which enters the successive cylinders 37 passing along the port 77 is effective to drive the pistons 38 therein outwardly Vto carry their shoes G6 and rollers 65 outwardly against the inner surface of thecase-ring 12, with the result that said shoes will act to impart rotary mot-ionto the main casing, in aid of the shoes (31 of the high pressure. pistons, the rollers G5 rolling on said surface. After the steam which enters the low pressure performed its duty, said steam will exhaust through the elongated slot or port 7S and passage 79.

The high pressure cylinders and low pressure cylinders may assume a staggered order, transversely considered, as shown in Fig. 2, and in the operation ot the engine both a high pressure piston and a low pressure piston are always acting with etiiciency to drive the case-ring 12, as will be understood on reference to. the upper left hand portions of Figs. 2, 3 and 4. It will also be understood on reference to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, that the steam is admitted to the successive rylinders when the pistons therein are at their maximum inner center and when the arc prescribed by said respective cylinders and that prescribed by the case-ring 12 are closest together, and also that from this admission point the distance between saidtwo arcs gradually increases, the stroke of' the pistons being governed accordingly. The outer center of the piston-stroke is one hundred andeighty degrees from its inner center, and at this point, or outer center, the distance between the aforesaid arcs is the greatest.

rl`he rotation ofy the main casing of the motor is utilized as a source of power which may be transmitted therefrom 1in several ways, in accordance with the. work to be performed. For illustration, a transmission beltmay be applied directly on the casering 12 to be driven therefrom, thus convert'- ing said ring into a pulley. A* conveyor belt may also -be applied on the case-ring 12 and driven thereirom. The ring 12 may also obviously be utilized asa pulley for la chain drive.

1t the motor should be used on a flying i machine, the cap 15 would be removed from the casing and the shaft of the propeller of such machine would bc fastened to said casing in the place ot said cap.

The invention may be applied to use for driving vehicles, in which use two of the motors would he employed and serve as hubs for the wheels, the motors being mounted on the dead axle as indicated by the dotted lines at the lett hand side of Fig. 5.

The invention presents many advantages which will be understood without elaborate detailed explanation, and among these may be mentioned that of securing the most dicylinders has rect and economical conversion of pressure into power, 'the greatest starting torque, the lack of ynecessity for a skilled operator, smoothness of operation, small cost of pro duction, and ease of assembly and repairs. The engine Will operate in any position.

lVhen it is desired to reverse the engine.I

'by fluids at present used in motors. Nor

do I confine my invention to the details of form and construction hereinbefore described adapting the motor to be driven by steam, since in the illustration of my invention presented herein I have sought to' define the preferred embodiment thereof, .Withoutintending to indicate that my invention can' not be carried out in other forms and arrangements of mechanical detail.

In case it should be desired to employ a liquid, as oil, for the motive fiiiid, I would employ several corresponding sets ofthe cylinders and pistons and omit low pressure cylinders.

I prefer to form the independently rof tatable cylinder- blocks 39, 40 each in one integral casting, but it is to be understood that these blocks or cylinder-assemblies may be built up in several pieces if so desired.

`What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters-Patent, is:

1. A rotary motor of the type described comprising a rotary closed casing from which power is to be transmitted and having sides and an encompassing ring or band secured thereto and having a uniform circular inner surface,a fixed axle on which one of said sides is concentrically mounted, an

eccentric shaft connected at one end with said fixed axle and eccentrically traversing said casing, an eccentric on the other end of said eccentric shaft on which the other side of said casing is mounted and which coopcrates ivithisaid fixed axle in concentrically niounting said casing, a removable cap secured to one side of said casing at said eccentric and permitting,r on its removal the removal of the said eccentric, a cylinder-block concentrically mounted on said shaft and having a series of radially disposed cylinders provided with ports at their inner ends,

independent pistons slidable within said cylinders and exposed at their outer ends and adapted to engage the inner circular surface f of said band and rotate said casing. and ports having an outlet tothe ports of said cylinders which may be traveling along a portion of their movement `when the arc prescribed by said cylinders and that prescribed by said casing are approximately closest together and gradually diverging and an outlet to register with the ports of said cylinders tol permit exhaust therefrom as said cylinders travel 'beyond 4the active zones for their pistons. 4

2. A rotary motor of the type described comprising a rotary closed casing from which power is to be transmitted and havin;r sides and an encompassing ring or band secured thereto and having a uniform circular inner surface, a fixed axle on which one of said sides is concentrically mounted, an eccentric shaft connected at one end with said fixed axle and eccentrically traversing:

said casing, lan eccentric on the other end of said eccentric shaft on which the other side of said casing is mounted and which cooperates with said fixed axle in concentrically mounting said casing, aI sleeve on said shaft and constituting a portion thereof and 'having a larger diameter at its inner portion than at its outer portion so as to receive and a permit theconvenient removal of the several parts to bemounted on said shaft, a remow able cap secured to one side of saidcasing at ysaid eccentric andpermitting on its removal ,the removal of said eccentric, a plurality of side-by-side cylinder-blocks concentrically mounted on said diameters of said sleeve and each having a series of radially disposed cylinders provided with ports at their inner ends, the cylinders of oneblock being iu staggered relation to the cylinders of the other block, independent pistons slidable within said cylinders and exposed at their outer ends and adapted to engage the inner circular surface offsaid band and rotate said casing, ports leading to the ports of said cylinders which may be traveling along those portions of their movements when the arc prescribed by said cylinders and that prescribed by said casing are approximately closest together and gradually diverging, and ports to register with the ports of said cylinders to permit exhaust therefrom as said cylinders travel beyond the active zones for their respective pistons.

3. A. rotary motor of the type described comprising a rotary casing having opposite sides and an encompassing ring or band presenting a uniform circular surface and from which power is to be transmitted, bearing members on which the opposite sidesY of said `asing are mounted` aplurality of side-byside rotary cylinder-asseniblies each having a series of radially disposed cylinders and independent pistons slidable thereinf and adapted at their outer ends to engage said circular surface of said band and rotate said 'casing and inlet. and exhaust ports for said cylinders, said casing and said cylinder-assemblies being eccentrically disposed with respect to each other, and said inlet ports being arranged to admit the motive fluid to the cylinders as they travel along that portion of their movement when the arc prescribed by said cylinders and that prescribed by said casing are in near relation and gradually diverging.

4. A rotary motor of the type described comprising a rotary casing having o posite sides and an encompassing ring or and presenting a uniform circular surface and from which power is to be transmitted, bearing members on which the opposite sides of said casing are mounted, a plurality of sideby-side rotary cylinder-assemblies each havJ ing a series' of radially disposed cylinders and independent pistons slidable therein and` adapted at their outer ends to engage said circular surface of said band and rotate said casing, and inlet and exhaust ports for said cylinders, said casing and said cylinder-assemblies being eccentrically' disposed with respect to each other, and said inlet Orts being arranged to admit the motive duid to the cylinders as they travel along that portion of their movement when the arc prescribed by said cylinders and that prescribed by said casing are in near relation and graduallygdiverging, and said pistons of each seriesbeing alternately provided at their outer ends with pivoted shoes and rollersfto engage said'casing.

5. A rotary motor of the comprising a rotary casing type described aving opposite sides and an encompassing ring or band presenting a. uniform circular surface and from which power 1s to be transmitted, bear-1 mg memberson which the'opposite sides of saidicasing are mounted, a plurality of side-v by-side rotary` cylinder-assemblies cach Yhavl' mg a series-of` radially disposed cylinders and independent pistons slidable within said cylinders adapted at their outer ends to engage said circular surface of said band and rotate said casing, the cylinders of one asembly being high pressure cylinders and of the other assemblylow pressurecylinders and said casing and said cylinder-asseniblies.L being eccentrically disposed with`- relation 'to eachother, an intake for motive fluid' leading to said high pressure cylinders which may be traveling along those portions of their movement when the arc prescribed by said high pressure cylinders and that prescribed by said casing are in near relation and gradually diverging, an exhaust extending from said high pressure cylinders as said cylinders successively travel beyond the active zone for their respective pistons and leading to said low pressure cylinders which may be traveling along those portions of their movement when the arc prescribed by said low y pressure cylinders and that prescribed by said casing are near together and gradually diverging, and an exhaust from said low pressure cylinders as said cylinders travel beyond 'the active zone for their pistons,l

6. A. rotary motor of the type described comprising a concentrically mounted rotary casing having opposite sides and an encompassing' ring or band presenting a uniform circular surface and :from which power is to be transmitted, bearing members on which the opposite sides of said casing are mounted, a stationary eccentric shafty crossing said casing, a plurality of side-by-side rotary cylinder-assemblies mounted and independently rotatable on said shaft and each having a series vof radially disposed cylinders and independent pistons slidable therein adapted at their outer ends to engage said circular surface of said band and rotate casing having opposite sides and an encompassing ring or band presenting a uniform circular surface and from which power is to be transmitted, bearing members on which the opposite sides of said casing are mounted, a stationary eccentric shaft crossing said casing, a plurality 'of -side-by -side rotary cylinder-assemblies mounted and rotatable onsaid shaft and each having a series of radially disposed cylinders and indepenent pistons slidable-therein adapted at their outer ends to engage said circular surface of said band and rotate said casing, the. cylinders of one assembly being high pressure cylinders and of the other assembly low pressure cylinders, an intake for motive Huid leading to said high' pressure cylinders which may be traveling along those portions of their movement .when tliearcprescribed by said high pressure cylinders and that prescribed by said casing are in near relation and gradually dii/erging, an exhaust extending from said high pressure cylinders as said cylinders successively travel beyond the active zone for their respective pistonsand leading to Said low pressure cylinders which may be traveling along those portions voftheir movement when the arc prescribed by said low pressure cylinders and that prescribed by saidcasing are'near together and gradually diverging, and an exhaust from said low pressure cylinders as said cylinders travel beyond the active zone for`t eirlpistons.

Signed4 at New. York city, in the county of New York, and State of Nciv`.York, this l 9th day of June, A. D. 1920.

oTis F. PRESBREY.

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