US1570659A

US1570659A - Method of and apparatus for dring refractory materials

Info

Publication number: US1570659A
Application number: US679954A
Authority: US
Inventors: William E Wilson; Henry G Lykken
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1923-12-11
Filing date: 1923-12-11
Publication date: 1926-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 1943-01-26

Description

Jan. 26 ,1926. 1,570,659

' W. E` WILSON ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING REFRACTRY MATERIALS Filed Dec. 11, 1923 B SheetsSheet 1 TT nml] alf 4 A l UL v 35/ Jan. 26 1926.

w. E. WILSON ET AL METHOD 0F Arm APPARATUS Fon DRHNG nEFRAc'ronf MATERIALS Merz,

Jan. ze ,1926. 1,576,659

W. E. WILSON ET AL METHOD OF' AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING REFRACTDRY MATERIMJ Filed Dec. 11, 1923 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jan. 26 1926. 1,570,659

W. E* WILSON ET AL 10u-:Tann or' AND APPARATUS Foa DRYING Vman-mlm'rolw Filed Dec. 11, 1923 MATERIALS Sheets-Sheet 4 Jan. 26 1926. 1,570,659

w. E. wxLsoN Er AL METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING REFRAGTORY MATERIALS Jan. 26 1926. Y .,5`F,659

w. E. wiLsoN er Al.

METHOD F AND APPARATUS FOR DRYIN REFRACTORY TERIALS Filed Dec. 11, 1923 e Qheats-Sheet 6 5 Inuemof:

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Vm 05ML www 'Jain 26 1926.

W. E. WILSON AL METHGD 0F' AND APXARATUS FOR DRYING REFRACTQRY MATERIALS Filed Da. 11, 1923 Jan. 26 1926. 1,570,659

w.`E. wlLsN Erm. METHOD F AND APIARATUS FOR DRYING REFMGTORY MATERIALS Filed nec, 11, 192s a sheets-sheet Patented Jan. 26, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM E. WILSON, OF MASON CITY, IOWA, AND HENRY G. LYKKEN, OF MINNE- APOLIS, MINNESOTA.

METHOD OF AND, APPARATUS FOB. DRYING BEFRACTOBY MATERIALS.

Application tiled December l1, 1923. Serial Ro. 679,954.

To a!! irlioui it may concer/t.'

lle it known that we, lViLLLiM E. l'VlLsoN :ind HENRY (il. Li'KiiisN, citizens of the United States, residing, respectively, at Mason City, Iowa, and Minneapolis, Minnesota` have invented certain new and useful Iniproveinents in Methods of and Apparatus for Drying Refractory Materials, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to the drying of refractory materials and wares, such as refracto'ries, bricks, tiles, hollow tiles, floor tiles, building tiles, wall tiles, drain tiles, sewer pipes, products roduccd by the clay and like industry, moliied or model wares,

ott/ery, porcelain, ceramic wares, rough c ay Waies, terra cotta, plastic and dry pressed material, and all other various and similar articles and substances, by the use of heat and mechanism or apparatus for effecting such drying.

Among the objects of the invention are to dry refractory materials in a vel' short period of time wthout danger of tie sur` face of the material cracking or checking, long periods of time together with a slow or gradual change in temperature heretofore having Ibeen required to avoid the objection of cracking 4or checking; to rapidly absorb and cause a rapid evaporation of the moisture within and on the surface of the materials or Wares Without the previously required exercise of the great care to prevent a rapid absorption and evaporation which heretofore caused checking; to heat the materials in an atmosphere or surrounding mass of fluids or gases saturated or nearly saturated with a vapor, such as water vapor, preferably in the form of steam, to a ten'iperature slightly in excess of the boil ing point of water, if water vapor be used; to almost or substantially balance or equalize the vapor tension ut the surface of the niaterzils so that in the interior ofthe materials iu order that when the temperature is raised, flic transfer of the internal moisture in the iiiatcriiils will be substantially equal to tue rate of evaporation of the moisture upon the exterior surface of the materials, thereby preventing case-hardening of the surface und cracking or checking by reason of internal steam pressure or other stresses heretofore occurring; to cause the internal moisture to rapidly leave or pass to the exterior to provide means for su surface of the materials, under its own vapor tension as the temperature rises, the physical conditioin of the surface of the Wares being maintained similar to that of the interior in so far as moisture content ma be concerned, by the control of the condition of the surrounding or enveloping fluid medium or gases; to greatly reduce the time required for dryin and to obtain the objects above noted, gy the subjecting of the materials to an enveloping mass or atmosphere of superheated steam; to carry out the above by a method of subjecting the materials, preferably in passages or tunnels of a drying kiln, or the like, whereby the materials are preferably caused to move or travel progressively, to heat in excess of the temperature of the boiling point of Water in a controlled humidilled mass or volume of fluids or gases, which ma be the hot products of combustion or tie waste gases of furnaces or the like, means being used to control the amount and the temperature. thereof and also the quality of the humidit or the relative humidity, such that the iluids' will absorb the surface moisture at substantially the same rate as that of the transfer of the internal moisture to the surface of the materials; to provide novel means and apparatus for accomplishing these objects; to provide means for circulatin preferabty at different points of the trave of the mterials, heated and humidied fluids or gases through and around the materials or wares; pplying, preferably at different points of travel of the matierials, humidifying vapors, such as watei spray or steam, or the like; to provide means for regulating, independently at each point, the quantity of humidifying matter; to provide means for recirculating part of the heated and humidied fluids with the heated fluids being circulated by the circulating means; to provide means for reguling, at different points, the amount of fluids to be recirculated` thus regulating or controlling the temperature and humidity of the fluids acting upon the wares or materials in the different parts of their travel through the kiln: and such other objects, advantages and capabilities as will later more fully appear und are inherently possessed by the invention.

In the accompanying drawings illustraf of a modification;

ion line ing a preferred' formfof kiln for carrying out the herein described process or method; I"ig. 1 is a horizontal Sectional vviewtaken on su -a-ntially the floor level of the kiln; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional v iew taken 2 2 of Fig. l1 of the drawings; vlfig. 3 is a, `vel-'tical' A'lol'igtudi'al1-sectionsl .view takenV "n line 3;-.3of 1 ofthe drawings Fig. Pis a verticallongitudinnl sectiona view taken 011 lille 4 4 of- Figi lof the drawings; Fi 5 is a top-plan view of the kiln and operatin inecV y for operating parts thereof; -,is a horlzo'nt'a'l sectional view showing the `upper portion of the kiln, partlyin pian and partly in section; Fi 7 is a transverse sectional lview taken'enine 7 of Fig. 1 of the drawings; F ig. 8 is a similar view taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 1';- Fig`. 9`i's a similar view taken on line'--Q of'Fi 1; Fig. 10 is a broken horizontal sectionalr view, similar to Fig. 1, VFig. 11 is a tranwerse sectional view ofthe same; andFig. 12 is a similarvview of a further'modication.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings uponv which isshown an illustrative embodimentl of means, preferably in the form of a tunnel kiln, for carrying out the method herein dsclos'ed, the wares or materials 1. are loo ely packed upon cars 2 running'overitraclsZ-l and 4 through a numberof passages o'rtunnels 5, 6, 7 and 8, it being understood that the number of passages and tunnels is merely aV matter of chice, asa lesser,l or larger number than that shown; upon the drawings may be used. Tlife cars 2 'are preferabiy made to progress through eachtumiel` over the

tracks

3 and 4 hy any suit-able means, such as a.V motor driven chain device l) located in each ante chamber 10 and capable of engaging with the cars entering thev ante chambers 1whereby the chain device causes a movement of the cars, and hence the train of cars ahead, so that the train will eventually pass or prot ie cars will pass tothe exterior of the kiln atteitlie wares or materials carried thereby, have been treated. The ends nuls may bc closed, as desired, by doors 11 and 12, and suitable doors 13 may also hu used between the ante chambers 10 and the tunnels.

Beneath the tunnels of the kiln, aud near the ends thereof, are provided inlet and out- 4vertical wall 21.

*Figa longitudinally.'

Va;msm-cliroli having aand Ill; respectively i of the tun.' 'interior of' luuiu'lsy f1 exhaustside of n furnace or the like, or the conveying of heated air or gases receiving their heat from the waste heat of furnaces, oij the drawing ofhot flue or stack gases and the like from the exhaust side of furnaces, as may be desired and found conven. ient to do; The outlets of cross conduit l5 may be connected at either or both ends to an exhaust device, which may have a blower and a stack capable of producing the re quired draft to draw the heated fluids through the kiln.

he cross duct 14 has .i number of dis- 'l ports 16 communicating with the after having pei-formed their functions. mayy be exhausted through the ports 15 into the duct 15 and carried away to the stack.

The duct 1 l also communicates, hy way of u lateral port. with longitudinal and cen' which is pref ti'zilly loculed ,uns chamber l0 @rahly located l:' wenn the two halves of the chamber, as clearly shown in Fig. lof the drawing. This chamber has a coverin or roof 20 und is closed at its other' end li'y a At intervals along sides of the roof 20 are provided and 9.3 controlled h v suitable gates crs 24 und 25 wnich may be operated by pug chains 2G and Qpcapnlile of adjustment ann operation from lho operating room 28 ifi;- cated above the kiln, as clearly shown in 7 oflludrawings'. liinsvursolv licnculli the tunnels at inten are provided passages 25), 30, 3l and 32

outlet ports

33, 34, 35 ouununicatin.r with the und 4. The inlet ends of post-i of tht-s1,- pussngcs are respectively controlled liv slidingr gates or dempers 37 :lud HS :rtulily connected to bars 3D and 40 which muy his operated from the o erating room 28, :is-1 che-urli' shown in Fig. of thcI drawings. It will he noted that the ports 22 und 23 in the roof 2Q are so located that they have easy communication with thc adjacent pair of inlet ports to the

passages

30 and 32. and 29 and 31 respectively, as clearly shown in Fig. l of the drawingsy Above the tunnels is provided a llooring having a plurality of outlet :pcuings or ports 4l and 42 for the upward passage of the hot gases und vapors as tlicv leave the ports 22 or dam ii wardly as municate laterally' with "so that humidity nels with ports 47V Va try of gases -from-i 'explained mord uliy hereinafter.

treated, sverali" moisture parts of the kiln.

ports in the flooring of l' "

upper chambers

43, 44, 45 and 46 :hay also be materials 1 on the cars, and pass illtdthe provided at inte i als and to extend

downupper chambers

43, 44, 45 and 4:6 eaitendig longitudinally above each tgnnpl fcmh municating at the ent n ,A flow of gases to the i the cross duct l b .way of, he.

Y. .IM-u By referring to it will be lzilnjdepe that the ports 41'ad 4t2 form esorto# checker work in thev floor' ,whereh the. gases may Ipass easily upwhil and nereinaiter more fn 'also 0 nal chamber 49 l ber 19 'and spaced' of s Vra c l the gans 52 in t e mixing chamber 50.

(1Q suppl e chamber 49 and capable or moisture just-beneath See It is 'to be understood that ying moisture may be sulpani point desired throughout t e ncng upon the convenience und the articular amount of moisture to be sup- Each of these spraying devices are {suitably controlled in any desired manner so that the amountof moisture .can be varied waz-diy through ying Sie as desired at the various points in the kiln,

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1U,

,11 and 12. `the construction ofthe kiln is substantially the same as heretofore described with the exception that an additionalconduit 60 is provided between the cham- ;

berfs

19 and 50. It has been found that if chamber is mme -a.;15gg; m.Emmier a longitudinaliqggas ng lettoriheingsepanl b were if @vinde-e arals; rotti?, im?? aiitbly driven hypo-vier coated 1n thepper ating room` `28 as clerlyfshown i7 and 9 the- A ...il u her 50 is located immediately ahoy 4c roof 20, the latterv being Vso sha edgthatthemixing chambenO with the cross passagesf29,.30' well as with the chamber 19 by' way of the

ports

22 and 23, as' clearly. shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings. The fa-a 52? mjay beY rotated in either direction to cause"acirculation of the hot gases andvapors through the mixing chamber 50 and through the cross passages, then through the "tunnels, then through the upper i chambers and back again into the. 7 ing chambers. This circulation iscarriixon together with the entliexzliamber 19 as'will be In order thatrthe.- hot gases or'uids supplied to Vthe f'JclQln smily have the' proper amount of hmiditfhr moisture when the same reaches the'wares or materials to be su plying or spraying means .may be prori de In the ridge portion of the rooff is provided a spray pi ne 53 which peferablycxtends longitudinally of O andxs. ca ableV of spraying water into the ciiamber to supply a uantity-of. moisture to 4the hot ated therethrough. In the tuntween the tracks, may also be ovided similar spray means 54 and 55 as'c early shown in Fig. 7 of the drawing,

muy be'supplied to the in- -coming gases passing upwardly through the the tunnels. In the orgte products of combustion we into direct contactv with ploducts would have chemicals, such as sul- .phtgr' and the like, which might have au efect of producing a coloration of the wares 'which would not be desirable. In order that the heat of the products of` combustion may be utilized and the chemical action upon the wares avoided. the kiln may be constructed with the additional conduit 6() 'which has no communication with the passages of the kiln whereby any of the gases passing therethrough could have access to the wares, but this conduit is so located that it will conduct gases therethrough from its inlet end 61 to its outlet end 62 where it will discharge into the exhaust or outlet cross any convenient manner as clear' 1y shown in Fig. 10 of the drawin In-v asinuch as these gases are usuallyo higher temperature than the otherV gases,-the heat of radiation obtained theregonr through thewalls of the conduit may be obsorbed and utilized. ing of the heat, the conduit 60 i provided with a plurality of ranged and dis path of the stre-.un of gases circulated by the funs 52. `The conduit 60iis'so located with reference to chambers 19 and 50'that they vwill give heut to both the gases in the ehamA ber 19 and to the'gascs and vapors in the chamber 50. Fig. 11 shows one form of this construction, and` Fig. "l2 is a similar form where the main supply of gasesv is `from the upper part of the central chamber instead of from below. In the form shown in Fig. 12 the operating shaft of the fans 52, may if desired, extend the conduit 60 without any material leakage of gases Lem the conduit. In odperation the hot gases pass into the cross uct 14 and a small portion of these gases pass upwardly through the ports 1n 'into the tunnels, the amount thuspassing up being controlled by-thedempers 17. The main portion of the gas passes into re to be brought the wares, such S preferably ns,63 so ar- In order to help the radiat- '4 110 posedthat they will be in the" .hilly l I 1 5 gases and vapors 1n the direction shown by 16 wa rdly gases and moisture and 20 Shown in Fig.

the ports 15 and shown in Figs. 10, l1

55 sage 19.

J uhcre it heals the root' 2H for giring radiated heat to the tiuids in thc mixing chamber 5U. The fans'52 be thrown into operation to' circulate thc central chamber the arrows, but it is to be understood that the circulation -may be in the reverse' direction it desired The .sliding gates 3? and 38 may lzc regulated as desired tocontrol the 10 circulation of the gases through the passages 29,-.l0. 3l and 32. Assuming that the dempers Q4 and 25 are closed, it will be noted that the hot. gases first enterinto the tunnels through the ports 1G and pass upl into the

upper chambers

43,44, from whence the fans draw the into the mixing chamber to be recirculated again through the cross passages in the tunnels, as clearly 7. lt will be noted that the movement of the gases is in a sort of a spiral or helix in each side otl the kiln, the gases progressing toward the other end of the kiln where tley are finally exhausted through into the cross duct 15l are passing through the 50 they are increased in and 46 While the gases mixing chamber temperature by the radiating heat given ott by the root 20, or m the form of device and l2, the radiating heat giren ofi' by the surface ot the conduit 60, in addition to that which may he given oli' by the roof portion l0 connected between the conduit and the side walls ot If it he desired to add to the gas circulation, the

dampers

24 and 25 may (hen be opened and regulated to the desired amount. to receive or bleed in additional amount of hot gases. ln this way the amount of gases may he regulated withrefcrence to the amount of n'loisture supplied thereto so that the relative humidity of the gases is such that the transfer of moisture from the surface of the wares or materials in the tunnels will lle substantially thc same or slightly greater than the transfer of moisture trom the interior of the ware so that there ,will notbe a cracking orchecking of the surface of the ware by the too rapid transfer of moisture from the interior thereof to the exterior.

lhile we have herein shown one direction of circulation by arrows in Fig. 7 of the drawing. it is to he understomi that the invention comprehends the circulation of gases iu either direction as desired and depending upon the convenience of operating the kiln. rl`his is also true as to the, forms shown in Figs. 10, l1 and 12.

The various parts of the device may be operated from an operating room located a ove the furnace and includintY suitable power operating machinery tor carrying out the desired result. Such machinery murv comprise a motor belted -to a shaft 65 the paswhich in turn is connected to the fans by tells (5 (5 and also by belts (i7 to a mechanism for o erating the chain device 9 in the ante cham ers of the =kiln.

As the mixture off gases and vapors pass toward the end of the kiln they pass downwardly through the ports-'15* and into 'the cross'duct 15 and then :e to an exhaust device or stack whereby they pass off tothe at-v mosphere. It will'thus'be seen that as the wares or materials enter the tunnels, they first come into contact with a mixture of heated gases and vapors highly charged with moisture but lower in temperature than the wares will belater subjected to as they progress through they tunnels. Upon leaving the tunnels and Vafter all of the moisturel has been extracted from` the Wares, the wares are now subjected to a dry hot fluid for completion of evaporation of all moisture from the' wares so that the wares are discharged from'the kiln in dry state.

iVhile we have herein described and shown upon the drawings a few embodi-V ments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the arv ticular arrangement of parts, details and constructions described and shown. but that it also eomprehends other arrangements of parts, constructions, and details, without departing'from the spirit lof the invention.

Having thus described our invention, we claim l. method of drying refractory Ware, comprising moving the ware through a heatingr and humidifying medium, the ware being subjected to increasing temperatures und decreasing hnmidities during said movement ofvfithe Ware through said medium, causing a general travel of said medium in a direction opposite to the travel of the ware, and forcing;r said medium at successive points vertically through said ware.

method of dryingr refractory ware, comprising moving the ware through a heating and humidi'fying medium, the ware being subjected to increasingtemperatures and decreasing lm|nid-itiesduring said movement of the ware through said medium. forcing a portion of Said med-.nun in a direction opposite to that of the" movement of the ware, forcing another o'ition of the me` dium vertically throng said ware, and feeding regulated amounts of said medium from said first mentioned portion to said second mentioned portion.

3. A method of drying refractory ware, comprising moving the ware through a heating and humidifying medium, the ware being subjected to increasing temperatures and decreasing humidities during said movement of the ware through said medium, forcing a portion of saidmedium in a direction.opo posits to that of the inovement of the forcing another portion of the medium iso tically through said ware, and lfeeding regulated amounts of said medium from said first mentioned portion to said second menware to and t tioned portion, and subjecting said first 'poi-- tion to radiant heat.

4. A method of drying refractory ware, comprising movin the ware through a tun nel of a kiln or t e like, forcing a heating medium through a passage in said kiln in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the ware in the kiln, diverting regulated portions of said medium from said passage at successive points into and through said ware at successive points thereof.

5. A method of drying .refractory ware, comprising movin the ware through a tun nel of a kiln or tie like, forcing a heating medium through a passage in said kiln iii a direction opposite to the direction .of move- ,ment of the ware in the kiln, diverting reg nlated portions of said medium from said passage at successive points into and through said ware at successive points thereof, leading the diverted amounts of said medium to points where humidity may be applied, and supplying regulated amounts of humidity to said diverted amounts of said medium.

6. A ,ethod of drying refractory Ware, comprising movin the ware through a tunnel of a kiln or t e like, forcing a heating medium through a passage in said kiln in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the ware in the kiln, diverting regulated portions of said medium from said passage at successive points into and through said ware at successive points thereof, and leading each of said diverted amounts of said medium after passing through a point of the the ware and in the 'same direction through said ware as it previously passed through the previous point of said ware.

7. A kiln for drying wares, comprising a tunnel for the passage therein of the Ware to be treated, a gas chamber extending along the side of the tunnel, a mixing chamber extending along the side of the gas chamber, and admission chambers located above ,and below the tunnel, said admission chambers having series of ports located for the passage of hot gases from the gas chambento t e mixing and admission chambers and through the ware in the tunnel.

8. A kiln comprising a passage for the movement of ware therethrou h, admission chambers above and below sai passage and having ports of communications between said assage and said admission chaml ers,a mixing chamber having ports of communication with said admission chambers, and means for conducting a treating medium with said mixin chamber.

9. E kiln comprising a passage for the movement of ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passage and rough a succeeding point of g having ports of communications between said passa e and said admission chambers, a mixing c ian'iber having ports of communisation with said admission chambers, means`4-` for regulating the size of said ports at will, 7 and means for conducting a treating medium into said mixing chamber.

y10. A kiln comprisinga passage for the movement of ware therethrough, admission chambers abovie and below said passage and '(6 havingports of communication between said passage and said admission chambers, u mixing chamber having ports of communication with said admissimchamhers, a duct below said mixing chamber, vsaid duct liiivinga p liiralit of ports communicating with said mixing c amber at diereiit points, and ieans Afor conducting hot gases into said uct.

movement Vof ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passage and having ports of communication between said assage and said admission chambers, a mixing chamber having ports of communication 0 moving the materials, means for conducting lo heated gases to said passages, means for 'circulating the gases through the materials, and means for withdrawing the circulated ases.

ing refractory material along' said tunnels,h gas'inlets andloutlets in said tunnels, means controlling the flow of gasinto the tunnels,

and means for 'recirculating part of the gases no means controlling the flow of gas into the 12 tunnels, and means located at intervals in said tunnels for forcing moisture into said gas circulated through said tunnels.

16. A kiln having tunnels, means for moving refractory material along said-tun- F nels, gas inlets and outlets in said tunnels, means controlling the `flow of gas into the tunnels, and means located adjacent the inlets of said tunnels for suppl ing water vapor to the gas flowing into sai tunnels.

11. A kiln comprising a'passage for the 35 rts, and.meaii's for i 1 3. A kiln having tunnels,.means fonmov 105 s for supplying hu- 115 17. A kiln having tunnels, means for moving refractory materials along said tuns nels, gas inlets and outlets in said tunnels,l

means controlling the flow of gas into the tunnels, means located adjacent the inlets for supplying water vapor to the 'gas flowing into said tunnels, and means for re lating the amount of `vater vapor supplied at each of said inlets..

18. A drying kiln for refractory materials, passages for the materials, means for moving the materials through said passages, means 'For circulating heated and humidified gases through the materials in the passages, and means for iccirculating part of the cii'- cul-ated gases with the incoming gases at successive points beyond the previous points of circulation of the gases.

19. A drying kiln for refractoryr materials, tunnels, mea ns for moving the materials through the tunnels, means for heating the materials above thev boiling point of water, means for supplying at successive points in said tunnel moisture to the exterior surface of the materials at a rate substantially equal to the rate of evaporation on the surface of the materials.

20. A drying kiln for refractory mate rials, a tunnel, means for moving the materials throu h the tunnel, means for admitting heate fluids into the tunnel at different points, outlets for the fluids, means for redirecting part of the outgoing fluids to the admitting means for recirculation at successive oints in advance of the previous points of adinission, and means for controlling said recirculation.

2i. A drying kiln for refractory materials, a tunnel, means for moving the materials through the tunnel, means for admitting heated fluids into the tunnel at different points, outlets for the fluids, means for redirecting part of the outgoing fluids to the admitting means lt'orA recirculation means for controlling said recirculation, and means cooperating with the admitting means for supplying given amounts of water vapor.

22. A drying kiln for refractory materials, a tunnel, means for moving the materials through the tunnel, means for admitting healed fluids into the tunnel at different points, outlets for the fluids, means for redirecting part of the outgoing fluids to the admitting means for recirculation, means for controlling said recirculation, and means cooperating with the admitting means for supplying given amounts of water vapor.

and' means for var in the su l of va oi t'oh of said poiiitag pp y i p 23,. A l'iln comprising a Vpassage for the movement of ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passage and hiiving ports of communication between said passa and said admission chambers, a mixmg amber ,havingports of communication with said admission chambers,'bloweis in said mixing chamber and between itlie upper and lower ports of communication from said admission chambers, whereby circulation of the medium \in said chambers may be eil'ectedin a vertical ldirection through said waremd. means foi,` conductin" a treatinv' m iuln into saidl in chimber. a I g 24. A kiln comprisingva passage'- movement of Ware therethrou 11;;admissio` i chambers'above and below shi passage an havingports of communication between saidl passage and'said'gdmission chambers, aimixin g chamber having ports of communication with said admission chambers, spra means located in said mixing chambers an in said admission chambers at diilerent points -for the distribution of moisture therein, and means for conducting a heating medium into said mixing chambers.

25. A kiln comprising a .passage for the movement of ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passage and having ports of communication between said passage and said admission chambers, a mixing chamber having'ports of communication with said admissionchamber, heatin means extending' through said mixin vcham "rifr effecting radiant heatin `of t e mediumin the mixing chamber, an means for conducting a heating medium of one temperature into said mixing chamber and of ahigher;k

temperature into said heating ineens.

2Q. A kiln comprising a passage `for the movement of ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passageand having ports of communication between said assage and said admission chambers, .a mixing chamber having ports of communication with said admission chambers, a checker work in said admission chambers for effect4 ing distribution of the heating medium, and means for conducting a heating medium into said mixing chamber.

In witness whereof, w hereunto subscribe our names to thisspeciication.

l WILLIAM E. WILSON.

HENRY G. LYKKN ida 17. A kiln hai-'ing tunnels, means for moving refractory materials alone,r said tunnels, ,eas inlets and ontiets in said tunnels, means cmiii'oliing the flow of gas into the tunnels. means located adjacent the inlei for supplyingr water vapor to the gas llowiupr imo said tunnels. and means for regulating the amount of water vapor Supplied at each of said inlet-.

18. A drying kiln for refractory materials. passages for the materials, means for movingv the materials through said passages, moans` for .circulatingY heated and humiditied fines through the imiterials in the passages, and means for i'eciriiilating part of the circulated ,frases with the incoming gases at successivo points beyond the previous points ot circulation of the gases.

I9. t drying: kiln for refractory materials. tunnels` means for moving the materials through the tunnels. means for heating the materials chore the boiling point of water, means for supplying at successive points in ,said tunnel moisture to the exterior surface of the materials at a rate substantially equal to the rate ot' evaporation on the surface of the materials.

Q0. A drying kiln for refractory matcrials, a tunnel, means for moving the materials through the tunnel, means for admitting heated fluids into the tunnel at different points, outlets for the fluids, means for redirecting part olf the outgoing fluids to the admitting means for recirculation atV successive points in advance of the previous points of admission, and means for controlling said recirculation.

21. A dryingF kiln for refractory materials, a tunnel, means for moving the materials through the tunnel, means for admitting heated 'iluids into the tunnel at different points, outlets for the iluids, means for redirecting part. ol' the outgoing fluids to the admittingil means `forA recirculation, means for conti-fillingslr said recirculation, and menus cooperating with the admitting means for .supplying given amounts of 'Water vapor.

22. dryingY lriln for refractory materials. a tunnel, means for moving the materials through the tunnel` means for admittin-g heated tliiils into the tunnel at ditferent. points` outlets for the fluids, means tor redirectin; r part ot' the outgoing fluids to the admitting;y mean,s for incirculation, moans for controllingr said recirculation, and means cooperating with the admitting means for supplying given amounts ot' water vapor,

and means for varying the supply of vapor at each of said points.

A i'iln comprising a passage for the movement of Ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passage and 'having ports of communication between said 24. A kiln comprising a passage for the.

movement of ware therethrough,;admissio :hailnbers above and below said passage an having'ports of communication between said` passage and said admission chambers, a mixing chamber having ports of communication with said admission chambers, spray means located in said mixing chambers and in said admission chambers at different points -for the distribution ot' moisture therein, and means for conducting a heating medium into said mixing chambers.

25. A kiln comprising a passage for the movement of ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passage and having ports of communication between said passage and said admission chambers, a mixing chamber having ports of communication with said admission'chamber, heatin means extending through said mixing cham exi-,for

effecting radiant heatin of the medium'm the mixing chamber, an means for conducting a heating medium of one temperature into said mixing chamber and of alhigher temperature into said heating means.

26. A. kiln comprising a passage for the movement of ware therethrough, admission chambers above and below said passage and havingr ports of communication between said passage and said admission chambers. a mixing chamber having ports ot communication with said admission chambers, a checker work in said admission chambers for effect-` ing,r distribution of the heating fnedium, and means for conducting a heating medium in/to said mixing chamber.

In witness whereof, we hereunto subscribe our names to this specification.

l WILLIAM E. W'ILSON.

HENRY, G. LYKKEN.

Cera 0f Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1926, iliion the application of William E. Wilson, of G. Ly

1 57,Q59 granted Janus of Minneapolis, Minnesota, for an improvement in' Met ods of an Apparatus for Drying Refractory Materials# an error rippears in the prints ifcatlon requiring correction as follows: Page 3, line V123, after the word insert the Word through.' and that the said Letters Patent" should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ottico.

Signed and sealed this 23d day of March, it. D. 1926.

M. J. Moons, Acting Uomfmssz'oner of Patents.

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Celiac Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Lochem Pant No. 1,579,659. gianted Janus. 26, 1926, u on lche application of VVillinm E. Willson, of Mago Cty, Iowa, andV G. Lyen, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, for an improver'net in' Methods of atg Apparatus for Drying Refractory Ma'fals, an error zippeis in the prin s itcation requiringA correction as followsfPage 3, ln "128,.ater the word extend insert the word through: and thati the said Letters Patent' Should be ead with this correction thQrein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Signed and se'led this 23d day of March, A. D. 1926.

[snm] M. J. MQDRE,

Acting Commissioner of Patenti.