US1560755A - Boiler with superheater - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 10 1925- B. BROIDO ABOILER WITH SUPERHEATER Filed Dec.l 2, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 'l BENJAMIN bzomo mmm w M'TH @Mom/m15 BOLLER WITH .SUBERHEATER 'Filed De4c'.,2',-1920 j v 3 sheets-sheet 2 15 'The/high degree of l l3nt(validiert.Nov. l0,

t 1,560,755 PATENT OFFICE.

BnNJAMrN Bnolno, on NEW Yoan, N. Y., Assicnon 'ro 'run surnnnnn'rnn coMANY, on -Nnw Yomn'N. Y., A coRronA'rioN or DELAWARE.

` BoLnn `WITH SUERHEATEB.

encasedin the samehousing, and heated by the same gases. The invention is howeveralso applicable to ,cases where the two are' not so closely associated. j*

' superheat demanded' by modern practice cantbe'obtaine'd Aonly by placing the superheaterat a point where'the gases coming into contact with it'have .not

i been cooled too much by intervening' boiler',

surfaces. The steam -iiowingl through. the superheater on its way `from the, boiler to the engine abstracts heat from the super-:g

heater fast 'enough to prevent 'any undue increase ninjits temperature.; iwhen, how-1f y isecnred to ;achamber9 andthev other toa 1Q lifeighborirn'g"chanfiber` 10,l The steam from the 'dry-pipe 7v is thus distributed tothe suever, there is-no `iow of steam-'throughthe superheater, asv during, 4periods' when -the' engine isshut down, or when the boiler 1s being brought `up( to pressure, it V'may bes comeX necessary ft'o protect thel superheatel" against thedanger of burning out,- andmy linventionlhas for :its object the provision lof improved protectivemeans for this purpose.. I am aware that means to accompllsh this end have beenproposed before now, but" entirely new. r.

Forthepurnose of illustrating -my invenf tion, I. shall describe vit as applied in twol Atypical instances,'shown in thelaccompany- .ing drawings. lIn these drawings, Fig. 1 is alongitudi'nal central section of'a locomotive boilerwith my invention applied;v Figs. 2

and 3 areenlarged detail views of portions;

of Fig. 1: Fig. 4 isa sectional view on lineY 4--4 ofFig. 3; Fig. 5 is a-view like'the left.

portionof- Fig. 1 and illustrates a modifiez. tion; Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section of a .water tube boiler equipped ywith my in vention. Fig. 7 being a sectional view on line 7-7 Aof Fig. 6. Throughout the views portions have'beenomitted and broken awayl where this could be done without rendering the views obscure.

Poductsof combustion from fire-box 1 (Fig. pass by wayof theues 2 and tubes boiler, much the .j tionloccnrring a ove and 'at the' sides and ends 0f; the fire-box 1,.andaroun'd theporand 4 :these ofthe piges vusual in the arrangement'. While 4the throtthe means herein .described I believetovbe per/heater elementsnprotectthese s uii'ciently 4against any excessinv'e vheat. Whenl the of locomotives'is al damper which interrupts theow 'of the gasesthrough' flues. l These,y means (not .shown in the-drawing)a1e su- 'f application niea'peeembe'r 1920. serial no. 427,se1.

3v to the smoke-boxiaL and thenceout 'through stack 5. Q These products of combustion heat and `evaporatethe water within the eater part of the-evaporationsoi the .flues and fire-tubes immediately vadjacent to the', fire-box.A AThe a'steam generated,in the'lboiler as ordinarily used, is perh mitted ytop'ass'freely from the point wh'e're Y65 it is'liberatedjfrom 'the surface of thewater,

-to-'al'l' parts'ofi the stea'ni 's' e, inc1uding dome.6. Folfntheflatteigw en -the throttle.;

the superheater header 8. The eader 8 70 has'l'twosets'of chambers, designated by nu meralSS. Qandfl respectively (see Figs. 3 y y rst'setall communieating" vwith the cros'schannel '11, an'd those of, the Iother 'withcross-channel 12, there beu ing no directfcominunicationbetween the two sets. The superheaterelemts 'or units 13 are tubula'l'fstructures, looping into the iues 2, .and lcachot them has one of its twoends 15-16,*t"the steani ychest 17. iar. as described there is nothing untle is open, the 'steamiflow through the su- 90 throttle is closed, the means for 'protecting them most commonly employed in' the case `perseded b my device, now `to be described.

.Adtlividmgl plate 18 separates the space above water-level 1n-a into two parts 19v and location being such that by fa'r the` larger partfof the steam generated is deliveredinto one of the partsin the present'case'tho part above the fire-box.' The platelextends, it will be noted, some distance. below the water. levelA .The spaces 19 'andj2Q Qommunicates with each l,c )thver-by ll'le'ins of pipe 21, quipped with the4 lthree-way valve 22. Thethir branch a of the va1ve22connects with pipe 23, the 110 forward.. end of which opens into crosslevel a-a, cutting off communication to pipev 2 3: while ,in its other position it allows free communication from 19 to cross-channel 12 through pipe "23, and interrupts communi cation from 19 to 20 through pipe 21. The

. safety valve 24 is secured to some point such as the steam dome 6, where it communicates with space 20.

The operation of my device is asy follows.' lVhen the engineer opens the throttle 14 he at the same time placesthree-way valve 22 into the position of Fig. 2. Steam rising from lues 2 and tubes 3 into space 2O will reach the steam dome 6 and the entrance to ,dry-pipe 7 directly; and vsteam delivered into part 19 will pass through pipe 21 into part 20 ,and'so to dome 6 and dry-pipe 7 When the engineer shuts-the throttle 14, he also places Athree-way valve 22 into the position where flow through pipe 21 is interrupted and the entrance to pipe opened.

Steam is being liberated faster below part v19 and delivered faster into this part than it is into part 20. Thevdirect flow from that part towhichthe -greater part of the `steam is delivered to that part to which less is delivered isvpre'vented-by plate 18, and a steam iiow will occur from the former to the tlatter by the indirect way of pipe 23,

the superhea'ter, and dry-pipe 7, the iow occurring through the superheater and the dry-pipe in a direction opposite to that in.

which Ysteam Hows through them when .the throttle is open.' rI `he rate at which steam is delivered from the water into the spaces 19 and 2O remaining unequal during thev entire ltime that the throttle is closed, 'the -'ow will likewise continue during suchperiod. Should the pressure of the 'boiler' rise sufliciently to cause thev safety valve 24 to open, the relief of pressure will occur from part 2O of the steam space, .and the flow from part 19 through the superheater to part 20 will continue. v

The steam iowing throughA the superheater on its way from part 19 of the steam space to part 20 absorbs heat from the superlheater -walls and so protects them against undue heating. lt should be noted that the heat absorbedis not lost but is returned to the boiler by the steam.

For the ow to occur as indicated at times when the throttle is closed, it will of bourse be necessary that the pressure'in part 19 be higher than in part 20. As a consequence thewater level in part 19 will be somewhat lower at such times than in part 20. The difference in. pressure-however is very slight,

as the flow is slow and the frictional resistance correspondingly small, so that the 'the main throttle. Y

sacarse depression of the water level spoken of is 1t will be evident that for the best results l in the operation of the apparatus the part of the space above the water into which the steam is delivered from. the super-heater should be made relatively as large as feasibleso it' may offer the greatest storage spare possible and cause the greatest possible amount ofsteam to flow through the supei heater.-

Instead of establishing communication be# tween the two parts 19 and 20 of the space above the5 water level by means of a `pipe such as 21, the same end may be accomplished by the means indicated in Fig. 5. rThe partition 18 is provided with an opening 25, which may be closed by the cover 26.

Thiscover is moved, to open or close .the opening 25, by means of the rod 27. 63 are guides for the cover 26. The ligure shows l an arrangement by 'which vthe motion of the cover 26 is automatically related to the openingand closing of the throttle. The rod 27 extends out through the stuliing box 28,'and is linked in any preferred way to throttle lever 29, so that when' the latter' is moved to open the throttle, the cover26 moves to open 25; and when 'the lever is pushed forward and the throttle closed'open` ing 25 is likewise closed. The pipe 23 leads forward from part 19 ofthe space to Y"the header, its communication withthe space. 19 being controlled by the valve 62.- This.

valve is operated from rod 27 to which it is and when rod 27 is in its othervposition, valve 62 is closed. l j'.

The operation of this varied form will be evident. With the throttle open, i. e., the .handle of the -throttle lever 29 pulled out or away from the boiler, valve62 will be closed and cover 26 ,will be away from its seat on plate 18. Steam from 19 will there fore be free to `reach space 20 and the inletto the dry-pipe, and no steam will flow through 23. But -with the lever 29 in its inner position, i. e. with the throttle closed, opening 25 will'be closed and valve 62 open; so that a circulation of steam from 19 to 2O by way of pipe 23, the suPerheater, and

dry-pipe 7 'will occur.

It will be obvious" that, if desired, the form of my device shown in Fig. 1 can equally well be made automatically operable b-y a single movement of thethrottle lever; or4 that, on lthe other hand, ,the variation of Fig. 2 may be arranged so thevalve 62 and the cover 26 are operated separately from AIn Figs. 6 and 7 is shown an application of my invention toa Water tube boiler.

The gases from the furnace 40; passing over the water tubes v41 and 42. heat and vaporize the Watercthe steam liberated passing to the rearv headers 43 and. 44, and. by

meangs -of the pipes 45 to the steam drum 46. The water level in drum 46 is indicated at a-a. Thereis ina boiler of this type a strong vdownward circulation of water through the tubes 47 and 49 to the front headers 48 and 50. Plate l51, extending the entire length of the header,` its lower edge being below thewater level c c, divides the space5'2,

into which pipes 45 discharge steam, from A53, to which no" or practically no' steam is delivered. The two spaces are-connected by pipe 21, provided with` the valve 22. This Q is a three-Way valve, its third branch being in communication with the This pipe leads to the out-let header-54 of the superheater. mercial type of three-way valve by means of which vspaces 52 an`d.53 may be p ut into free communicatlon, opening -to.p1}'ne 23 being closed; or the communications between 52 and 53. closed, and communication bespace 53.

The action of this form is quite similar' Ato that first described and may be brieily tween 52"and pipe 23a be established.

The superheater header 54 is connectedl by the superheater elements 55' with the 1nlet header 56. To header 56 the steam from space ,53 is conveyed-by means of pipe 57.

`Pipe 58, provided with, a throttle 59, carries the superheated steam to thepoint of use.

A' safety valve 24a communicates with stated as follows. While the throttle 5 9 is open, valve22-l will-be so' 'set that it shuts oi'.communication to pipe 23' and establishes connection between the two parts`52. .and 53 of the 'space above the water level.

Steam delivered by pipes 45 into part 52- and this means substantially all the steam generated by the boiler-reaches .part 5 3 vand yis conveyed by pipe 57 to the superheater, which itleav'es. by pipe 58 for the A engine or other-,point of use.-

' If the" throttle 59y is closed, three-way i, valv`22ff' will/be set to; interrupt communi- V cationbetweenv 52 and 53 through pipe 21a, Aand to establish communication between`52 and pipe 23s. Steam delivered by pipes 45* into part 52 of they steamspace will iow through pipe 21#- valve 22a and pipe 23 j to header 54, thence throu, h the supervheater' Aelements 55, thence to` eader 56 and so by ipe 57 topart 53 of ,the steam space.

VThisy ow is brought labout bythe pressure difference created -by the fact that substanvtiallyv all fof the steam is delivered at one @side'of thepartition' 51. While.f tleujving through the super-heater as just stated the pipe 2f. l

The valve 22a is a v'com-- 4steam Will-abstract suiH-c'ient heat toil-form an l effective protection i against excessive heating of the superheaterz ff While I ha ve described the formgof my in`- vention which I prefer it -Will be evident that numerous variations are possible Without a departure from` theunderlying printhe'iidea `to boilers of the kind with which I haveillustrated, and even truer when it is applied to boilers of other types. Thus ..ciple. This` will be true in applicationsl of i 'it will be obvious that tlievinventive idea the combinationof a boiler; means dividing the space. above the waterv level into two .partsfto the first of which, more of the steam is delivered upon its generation than to the second; means to put these two parts into. direct communication; a superheater;

a pipev connecting the second of said .parts i of the space with the inletfzof.. the super-- heater; aY-val-ved pipe leading' from the outlet of the superheater; and a pi el connecting lthe first lpart of the space with the out-F' let end of the superheater.

. 2; In apparatus of the class described, the f.

combination-of a boiler in Awhichfthf'a'space above the water level is divided'into two parts to thefirst of which more steam is delivered than to thesecond; a superheaterg' means to convey the steam 1fromY the -irst part to the second when'the main throttle is open, -thence to the superheater, 'and thence to the point of consumption; and

means to convey the steam, when the 'mainthrottle is closed, from the rst compartment to-the superheater and-thence to the second compartment.

3. 'In apparatus of the class described, 'the combination of a boiler; means dividing the space above' 'its water vlevelintotwo arts of which the first receives more o Ythe' steam` liberated from thew-ater than the second; a superheater; means connecting the second part Iwith the inlet' ofthe superlheater; a valved conduit leading from the ,outlet of the superheater; valved means con` necting the two parts with each other; and a valved'conduit leading fromthe firstpar't to the outletofthe superheater.

combinatlon of a boiler lhaving two vseparated steamand water spaces into the irst of which more of the steam is delivered-on its generation than into thev second; a super heater;` a conduit connecting "the 'niet of `the' superheater vwith the second steam and .water space; a valvedconduitleading,r from 4. In a paratus ofthe class described, thel i the outlet of the superheater; valved-means i connecting the tWo spaces 4'with eachother;

5. In apparatus ofthe class described the l combination vof a boiler in which the space above the Water level is divided into two decidedly lunequal'parts-to the first and smaller of which more steam is'delvered on its generation than to the second; a superheater; means to convey the steam from the lirst partuto the second when the main throttle -is open, thence. to the superheater, and thence to the point of consumption; and

' means to convey the steam, when the'main throttle is closed, Jfrom thelirst part of the steam space to the superheater and thence to lthe second part. l

6. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of boiler; means'dividing the space above its water level into twoldesmaller receives more of the steam 'liberated fronrthe Water than the second; a superheater; means connecting the second part with the inlet of the superhefiter; a valved' conduit leading from the outlet of the superheater; valved means 'connecting the' two parts With eachother; and a valved conduit leading from the lirst part to the outlet of the superheater. i 1

BENJAMIN B Roino.

cidedly unequal parts of which the first and

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