US1559404A - High-tension electrical condenser - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 27, 1925- P. BUNET r ueu rsusxou ELECTRICAL couosussa Filed Ap i1 4 1921 J e in m w w H Patented Oct. 27, 1925.

UNITED stares; Parser tors:

HIGH-TENSION. ELECTRICAL coND'ENsER.

'Ap plication iled April 14, 1921. Serial No. 461,247.

Torallwfiomgz'tvnmycondefir: 'lllii r. 'gwiait Be it known that I; HAUL Bi'mn'r, a citizen of the French Repuhliqriand ia resident=of Rue Mauloy,: -l\Ioissy*Gramayel (Department of -Seine-et Marne, -;France,shave; invented newwanduseful Imprdvements' in'lligh flen s'ion; Electrical 'Gondensers; bf which thercfollowing-vis a aspecificationg n Zen-citric? il!3l:'l?1.5'1" -This invention relates-Ito high'itension electrical 'condensersm=v me f'r -r'fi' 0' In the construction-of electfrical'condens ers for high 'tensions;--a-. :difiiculty-- is experienced arising fromrthe-infliience of the edges of the "electrodes whiclr are arrangedto "face onereanotlierziucliori :the electrical; density increases; cons'iderabl ms rthe edges of the electrodesearewapproac ed, andquponthe actual edges it assumesawery high value if these edgesarethin'loricut toisharpyangles. The disruptive -tensi0n-,:' at -which-.-the :Tbre'akdown or fpiercing lof theedielectric takes place, decreases :withan increase. .ofiathisiden sity, so that the condensers-canfonly be used for a wor-king. voltageriwhich is'igmchrlower than that which corresponds. tofthgthickness 1 of the dielectric-fin: theocentral; .part of .the

electrodes, and even under'e these ,condi tions it always presents athits edges weak points which-maybring about its1 desti'uction.,..

' --The present invention has :for-its object to remedy the disadvantage- 'of- -this considerable increase'of the-electricalfdensity at the edges, byconstructingihe electrodes insuch a way that it is" possible to regulate this density according-data suitable law. For this purpose, instead ofemploying'a surface formed 0f simple ;plates' or sheets, the surface is constituted at leastinpartbylmeans of solid or hollow-round bars, rods .optubes, of diameter proportional; .to i the dimensions of the a paratus ;-in general the most advantagous: ameter; lies -.between\ the third and the tenth-part 'ofrthe distance between the plates. These rods-pr; barspneed not,.be placed'along one anothergbecause the capacity is not greatly atfected, by leayinga certain gapbetween them. But-,whenthis separating gap ,is. increased beyond '{a certain limit, the capacity beginsto diminishrapid 1y with the separation.,-.. Ilhis.limit varies with the distance :between :electrodes, and for small distances itnis a -considerable fraction ofthis actual distance, 'As the edgesofthe plates are appr0ached,-'the distance between the bars of the 'same electrode will beim creased, so that the capacity per unit of surface remainsiwithina fixed limit. In this way the electrical density will not increase dangerously at the edges of-the con denser;

This arrangement canbe carried out; the more effectually, since it isppossible to increase the diameter of, thelgterminal oroutermost bars, at the same timeincreasing thc interyalbetwcen these bars and those, of the adjacent electrodes. -It is sufiicient for this purpose .to regulate the intervals; between successive bars. in a suitable way, as representedu-pont-the appended drawing.,. r w .I te d 0 |emp Qy i g f lc d c d entirely otbars. orv rods,;tlie centre'ot the electrodes may comprise fiat surfaces-such as. a sheet: of, metal, withba rs ,only at, the edges, theirnumber being.:gi-eatcr or less according to the valueof the electrical-density which ,it .is desiredtofhave at thc' e dges. Fronithc practical point nofyiew, there may be adopted circular; electrodes formed of a,spiral ,made, up'floff one or m'orelrods or bars, of .which the v edge-rings -or outer; coils separate from the inner portion, and the outermost coilcloses upon its circumference or not, as-desired. ijlheremay also be'employed square or rectangulareleetrodesy tlie angles or corners being suitably .roundml. As alreadystated, the ccntre may, or mav not be, formed by a plane surfa'ce. i"

Another advantageous arrangement is that ,formed by concentric cylinders, ,in which case there agconly the two extreme edges of the cylinders to he provided [with meansior limiting the electrical density. The cylinders 111:1 he composed of successive tubular rings stacked upon one anothrr with increasing gaps at (heir-edges. or'clse a k nd 0: helix with increasing pitch as the edges are approached. As in other cases, the'ccrtre portion may be formed .of sheet metal coiledinto a cylinder, the tubes being employoed only towards the edges. The. .alccompanying drawings illustrate more or less diagran'nnat-ically a construc tionin which the invention is embodied in one form, Fig. l being a partial rcrtical section, and T ig 2 being'a corresponding partial sideeleration. Ashore illustrated, each electrode comprises a central cylindrical plate a formed by the walls a and a soldered together and bounded by a tube 9 carefully soldered to the central plate,forfexample by tin, and in such manner as avoid sharp angles. .Spacedirom this ,central plate and from each other are arrangedtubes c in the form of rings which we connected together by bridges d constructed in such manner as to avoid surfaces of short radius of curvature or sharp rners The distance between the electrodes is determined by the blocks 0 of insulating material, arranged at suitable intervals. The diameter of the tube 0 is predetermined with respect to the dimensions of the apparatus. In general the mo% advantageous diameter lies between A; to of the distance between the electrodes. The spacing between the ad acent tubes 0 of the same electrode increases toward the margin of the electrodes, but the spacing is unequal for thetubes of adjacent electrodes of the condenser as indicated in Fig. 1, in such manherthatthe interval between the tubeslof the ro -de s increases as they a pro-acli the' 'marginsgof the electrodes. in this fashioimthe electrical densitydoes not dangero sly increase at the marg ns For this purpose also it,is possible to increase the diameter of the'tubes arranged at the m airgin'o fthe electrodes,

The whole of'the condenser will be placed in a tank or other vessel into which an iiisulating liquid such as oil will be ntroduced; certain getableoils are quite suitable for this purpose, having: a considerable electrical rigidity greater than 70,090 volts per entimetre and a. g sneclfic pe W reaching to 4% o'r 5, as \vel as a relatively l0? l I Instead of liquids, there maybe introduced'a plastic material or a solid such as paraffin war. 7

In order to avoid accidents, if foreign substances are found floating in the liquid, there may be provided barriers f made of cardboar or like material.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms of construction which have been described; thus the arrangeinentbf the rods or tubes, their conformation and number may be varied w thin wide limits, in certain particularly sun ple cases there may be used only the central plate a and a single tube g.

The plates may be formed not only by means of solid 01 apertured metal sheets, but also in whole or in part from substances such as paper, cardboard, wood or other, coated with metal or rendered conductive of e e tricity.

The plates of the condensers according to this invention may be connected alternately to the two poles of a source of current, or with triple, quadruple, or other alternation in the case of more than two poles, as for polvphas v ltages,

aving now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in What manner the same is to be pero med, I decl re hat What I c im i 1* LA high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielec tric, each of said electrodes comprising rods of substantially circular cross section permanently electrically connected together so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode.

2. A high tension electrical condenser comprising a pair of electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising rods of substantially circular cross section, permanently electrically connected together so as to prevent sparking between the parts-the distance between successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode, but varying in said electrodes so that the interval betweenthe rods of the different electrodes increases as they approach the margins'of thesaidelectrodes.

3. A high" tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising rods of substantially circular cross section, permanently electrically connected; together so as to prevent sparking between the parts the distance between the successive rods of each electrode and the diameter of the different rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode.

4; high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising a central plate with rounded edges, and rods of substantially circular cross section, arranged in extension of the edge of said plate, permanently electrically connected together and with the central plate so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereoi gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode.

5. A high tension electrical condenser comprising a pair of electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising a central plate, with rounded edges, and rods of substantially circular cross section, arranged in extension of the edge of said plate, permanently electrically connected together and with the central plate so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode, but varying in said electrodes so that the interval between the rods of the different electrodes increases as they approach the margin of the said electrodes.

6. A high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising a central plate with rounded edges, and rods of substantially circular cross section, ar-

ranged in extension of the edge of said plate, and permanently electrically connected together and with the central plate so as to. prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode, and the diameter of the different rods of each electrode, at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode. 7

7. A high ,tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectrio, each of said electrodes comprising rods of substantially circular cross section, having the. form of rings, permanently electrically connected together so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode.

8. A high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising rods of substantially circular cross section, having the form of rings permanently electrically connected together so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode, but varying in said electrodes so that the interval between the rods of the different electrodes increases as they approach the margins of the said electrodes.

9. A high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising rods of substantially circular cross section, having the form of rings permanently electrically connected together so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode and the diameter of the different rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode.

10. A high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising a cylindrical plate with rounded edges, and ring-like rods of substantially circular crosssection, arranged coaxially with and in extension of the edge of said plate, and permanently electrically connected together and with the central plate so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereoqf gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode.

11. A high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising a. cylindrical plate with rounded ed es, and ring-like rods of substantially circu ar cross section, arranged coaxially with and in extension of the edge of said plate, and permanent-ly electrically connected together and with the central plate so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the-successive rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode, but vary ing in said electrodes so that the interval between the rods of the dilferent electrodes increases as they approach the margins of the said electrodes.

12. A high tension electrical condenser comprising electrodes separated by a dielectric, each of said electrodes comprising a cylindrical plate with rounded edges, and ring-like rods of substantially circular cross section, arranged in extension of the edge of said plate, and permanently electrically connected together and with the central plate so as to prevent sparking between the parts, the distance between the successive rods of each electrode and the diameter of the different rods of each electrode at the margin thereof gradually increasing towards the edge of the electrode.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

PA UL BUN E'l.

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