US1558210A - Steam boiler - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 20, 1925; 1.558,210

M. VON POKRZYWNICKI STEAM BOILER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Feb. 9, 1914 O ct. 20, 1925. 1.558,210

' M. voN PoKRzYwNlcKl STEAM BOILER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Feb. 9, 1914 :earsnr oricr.,

IMIECZYSLVJ VON EOKRZYWNICKI, GF WARSA'VV, RUSSIA.

STEAM BOILER.

Application fiIed February 9. 1914, Serial No. SIT/,5G

To aZZ fw/wm t 'may concefm:

lie it known that i, Mrnozrsmw von lMirazywnioni, a subiect of the Czar of Russia, and residing at s i in the lrlmpire of Russia, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in ;Steam Boilers,

of which the following a speciiica ion.

This invention relates to steam generators, for use on locomotives and ships, the novelty of which resides in the fact to the. fire tubes located underneath the level of 'the in the generator and conneding` the fire chamber with the smoke Chamber, are provided with stperheaters extending towards the firing Chamber traversed by smoke tubes arranged in such a manner that between the former and the fire tubes annular spaces are formed through which the smoke gases Can pass towards the smoke 10 Chamber so that they heat, on the one hand,

l' tion of heat to the superheater.

the water contained in the generator, and on the other, the superheater, provision being` made by the smoke tubes traversim;r the superheater, for a considerable radia- By means of this arrangernent the economy of steam superheating is increased to a Very great extent and the steam in all parts of the superheater is uniformly heated. rl`his construction dispenses with the various double insulations which in other constructions are generally arranged along` the superheater. ln the Case where the superheater becomes damaged the operation of thelgenerator can Continue as it is only necessary to close the doors which shut off the fire tubes and which are located in the smoke Chamber. By means of the proposed Construction of the generator, the advantage is obtained that less packing surfaces are needed and that rusting cannot occur so that a cleansingis only necessary7 after a few thousand kilometres have been covered.

The accompanying drawings illustrate two embodiments of the invention.

On the drawings:

Figure l is a long'tudinal section through a locomotive generator provided with two superheaters.

Figure 2 is an end View of the superheater seen from the smoke Chamber, partly in section on the line 1-1 of Figure 1.

Serial NO. 530,6391).

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section through the front portion of the superheater showino` a. Cooling-z device.

Eigure 4: is a transverse section on the line 2-2 of Figure 8.

Figure 5 .is a longitudinal section through a superheater having a different constructional form.

Figo is a transverse section on the line G-6 of Figure 5.

fn the locomotive boiler J of the usual construction, two fire tubes K are arranged which connect the fire box L with the smoke Chamber M. Each fire tube can be shut off from the smoke Chamber by means of a door N. In each fire tube K a superheater C is mounted, the superheater bearing upon the frames A in such a manner that between the ire tube K and the wall O of the superheater an annular Chamber is formed through which the smoke gases originatinp` in the fire box Can pass to the smoke Chamber M in order to heat, on the one hand, the water oontained in the boiler, and on the other hand, the surface of the superheater O. The superheater comprises also smoke tubes H whereby by means of the smoke traversing therethrough an intenseheating of the interior of the superheater can be produced. By incorporating battle plates P the steam can be forced to trayerse a path as long` as possible provision being made for a uniform heating of all parts of the steam. In order to make the superheating of the steam still more advantageous the superheater may be provided as shown at Figure 5 with tubes Q arranged concentric with the tubes H, which are arranged in such a manner that the steam first passes through the annular Chamber and then returns through the superheating chambers, the steam being Very rapidly superheated in the most advantageous manner as only thin layers of it Come into contact with the highly heated surface of the smoke tubes cording to this invention is undulated at the end, as shewn at B, so that the pressure exerted by the expansion of the fire tube7 on the wall of the firing Chamber and of the smoke Chamber, is eliminated.

As will be easily perceived, the end wall of the superheater is exposed to a very high temperature as it is in Very close proximity to the firing Chamber. In View of this and in order to obtain a fiuid-tight joint between the smoke tubes H which traverse the superheater, and the end wall R.. the said tubes are welded to this wall by the aid of hydrogen, acetylene or similar gas. This may he donepreferably by boring' first of all the holes in the end wall through which the tubes are to be passed and after the superheater has been placed vertically7 the openings may be sealed with iron` heatine' simultaneously the end wall and the smoke tube:` with the aid of hydrofen or acet` iene nas. In this connection care should be taken that the temperature of the end wall l) and of the smoke tubes H should be as Constant and uniform as possible, in this manner a very hermetic joint between these two parts is formed. lVlien solne time after one of the smoke tubes of the superheater burns through or bursts, it can be replaced by a new one in a very simple manner by simplyv drilling out the tube, knocking it out and placinlg` a new one in its stead. This can be etfeoted in a Very short time. Then inserting aismall number of tubes it is not neces sary to place the superheater vertically.

Owing to the very high temperature of the gases striking the front end wall of the superheater` this wall is protected. accord inf;` to the invention, from the detrimental effects of this temperature by a Cooling' in sulatinr device illustrated in Figures 3 and l This device consists, preferabljig of a suitable box divided into *hanibers7 which mounted on the front end wall by means of a screw F. The hollow Chambers of this box are supplied with air, steam, exhaust steam or srperheated steam directly from the superheater. The latter construction is shewn in the 'ih'awingz means of a short tube C' the ('hambers of the insulating' box S, preferably made of sheets of cast eeei or ordinary steel welded together communicate with the interior of the superheater. From the chambers of the box S the steam is returned to the superheater through a longer tube D. The latter is made longer because the steam flowing into the superheater alters its direction at the end wall R, so that if this tube D were short the friow of the steam in the superheater would a fford a resistance to the return of the steam contained in the box S. On the other hand7 if the tube D vis made too long, the flow of the steam in the superheater will produce a suction whereby the steam in the box S would be wiredrauui. By means of a suitable arrangement of the chanibers of the box S (Vidigure a uni'iform heating of the whole surface is obtained and as the superheated steam has a maximum ten'iperaure of 3500 C., the end wall h of the superheater and thus the ends of the smoke tubes iii are protected un the effect of the extremely high temperature of the smoke gases. rIhe smoke tubes communicate with the ire tube through suitable apertures (i fornu-fd in the box S. n order to facilitate the insertion of the tubes C and l} stars if may he sei'ewed into Ithe box 'i.

l'i'aring` now pa;'tieularljnv described and aseertained the nature of niy said invention and in what manner the same is to be pefornied, deciare that what Claim is:

i. n L boiler, lthe combination with a re pipe, of a superheater disposed therein and comprising a casing` tei'niinating within the fire pipe, sinoke pipes etending longitudinally throughout the casing and fixed to the ends thereo f, and an independent casing fixed to the front end ot' the first nientioned casing` and constructt l to offer greater resistance to disinten'ra ion under the action of heat than do the walls of the first mentioned easing, the two Casings having' means of intercomlnunication and the second nientioned Casing having openings leading' from the lire tube to the front ends of the smoke tubes.

2. In a boiler, the combination with a tire pipe, of a superheater arraned therein and Comprising' a casing, a proteotive casing in advance of the first mentioned casing and connected thereto, a relatively short pipe atl'ording Con'n'xuinication between the upper pertions of 'the 'i singla and a relatii. long' pipe ati-ford' 'lg connnunieation between the lower portions of the casings.

in testimony whereof I atlix my signature.

NHECZYSLAW von POKRZYWNICLL

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