US1556698A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

C. L. LEE FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 C. L. LEE

FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 3 Oct. 13, 1925. 1, 6,698

1 arzzeg' C. L. LEE

FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 Oct. 13,1925. 1,556,698

C. L. LEE

FURNACE I Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 9 3/. $313 5 3/7 I 304 j i W? Q 3/;

[1/ 71755555 fizz/517W M g o 5 %M.fg

15 Sheets-Sheet II C. L. LEE

Oct. 13,1925.

FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 MMN ' Oct. 13, 1925- i r 1,556,698 C. L. LEE

FURNACE Fi led July 3, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 12 gy YMW JZIMQ Q 14 away C. L. LEE

Oct. 13 1925.

FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet l5 M fin/v.

Patented Oct. 13, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES I. LEE, 0] DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL MOTORS RESEARCH COR- PORATION, OF DAYTON, OHIO, A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

FURNACE.

Application filed. July- 3,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES L. LEE, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Dayton, county of Montgomery, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to furnaces for brazing cooling fins to iron or steel bodies, and more particularly to furnaces for at taching copper fins to iron cylinders of internal combustion engines.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the furnace is constructed and arranged to carry out the process of cylinder construction claimed and described in the copending application of Charles F. Kettering, Serial No. 514014, filed November 9, 1921, and in the present invention the form disclosed constitutes improvements in the apparatus described and claimed in my copending application, Serial No. 396,- 27 6, filed July 14, 1920.

In my copending application there is disclosed a furnace which includes a liquid fuel burner having a combustion tube extending out from the igniting chamber of the burner, and there is a furnace shell r0- tatably mounted co-axially with the burner combustion tube. The products of combustion in the burner are directed into the inside of a cylinder of cast iron or steel having its head closed and having its opposite end open and connected with a burner stack but sealed off from the space within the furnace shell which surrounds the outside of the cylinder. Before placing the cylinder in the furnace shell a strip of brazing brass is placed around the outside of the cylinder and a strip of fin loops is placed around the cylinder wall and on the outside of the brazing brass. The fin material and the brazing strop are held. in position by means of iron binding wires. While the cylinder is being heated from the inside the cylinder is rotated in order to secure uniform heating and so that the brazing brass will be uniformly distributed when the furnace temperature is such as to melt the 1922. Serial No. 572,504.

brass but not the fin material. After the brazing temperature has been reached and the brass is melted, the burner is turned ofl but the furnace shell is rotated so that on cooling the brazing brass will be uniformly distributed and will fill up all the spaces between the fin material and the cylinder shell. This cooling may take several minutes, after which rotation is stopped, the furnace is opened, the cylinder removed and another cylinder assembly to be brazed 1s inserted. In this apparatus the turning ofi of the burner and the stopping of the furnace shell are entirely within the control of the operator.

Among the objects of the present invent1on is torender the steps above mentioned more or less automatic in character and with this in View means has been provided for automatically controlling the heating and coolmg of the cylinder assemblies; other means has been provided enabling the insertion and removal of the cylinder assemblies with greater rapidity and ease; and means has also been provided to enable a number of furnaces to be operated simultaneously; all of these means together with other features not mentioned tending to greatly increase the output and uniform high quality of the product.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein preferred forms of embodiments of the present invention are clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan View of a furnace bank of three furnaces, showing the furnace shells in different positions;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one of the furnaces disclosed in the bank shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 is a plan view, partly in section, of a frame or housing member for supporting the controlling apparatus of a bank of furnaces.

Fig. 3 is an end view loo-king in the direction of arrow 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary end view showing the rear end of a furnace burner looking in the direction of arrow 4 on Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but on a smaller scale, the furnace shell being in operative position;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary side view showing certain parts of Fig. 5 in partly retracted position;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side View partly in section showing the shell bracket or carriage in a partially tilted position.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional View and partly in elevation of parts adjacent the section line 88 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the furnace burner and furnace shell;

Figs. 10 and 11 and 12 are fragmentary Views showing the mechanism for latching the furnace shell cover upon the furnace shell;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view of certain parts located on the opposite side of the furnace unit shown in Fig. 2 Fig. 13 being a view looking in the direction of arrow 13 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing the furnace shell in full retracted and vertical position with the furnace shell cover open;

Fig. 15 is a plan View on an enlarged scale of the burner controlling mechanism;

Fig. 16 is an elevation looking in the direction of the arrow 16 on Fig. 15, certain elements being shown in section along the line 1616 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is an end View of the controlling magnet with mechanism attached to the magnet armature;

Fig. 18 is an end view of the controlling magnet taken in the direction of arrow 18 in Fig. 15;

Fig. 19 is a sectional vie-w taken on the line 1919 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 20 is a sectional view on. an enlarged scale of the furnace controlling mechanism, this view being taken approximately on the line 2020 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 21 is a sectional view taken on the line 2l21 of Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is a sectional view taken 011 the line 22-22 of Fig. 20;

Fig. 23 is a view similar to Fig. 22 but showing the parts in a different position;

Fig. 24 is a sectional view taken on the line 24-24 of Fig. 20:

Fig. 25 is a view similar to big. 24 but showing the parts in a different position;

Fig. 26 is a View showing certain parts shown in Fig. 21;

Fig. 27 is a fragmentary view partly in section showing the installation of a thermocouple or other temperature responsive de vice;

Fig. 28 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow 28 of Fig. 27, certain parts being broken away to show the interior structure;

Fig. 29 is a wiring diagram of the electrical equipment for the furnace also a diagrammatic showing of a motor driven air compressor for the furnace burners;

Fig. 30 is a plan View with the cover removed of a fuel supply tank; and

Fig. 31 is a sectional view taken on the line 313l of Fig. 30.

In the drawings numeral 50 (Fig. 1) designates the bank of furnaces comprising three furnaces units each designated as a Whole by numeral 51. Referring now to Fig. 2, unit 51 comprises a frame 52 having a track 53 upon which rolls a furnace shell bracket 54 which supports a furnace shell 55. Frame 52 supports a controller frame or housing 56 upon which is mounted a b zirner designated as a whole by the numeral 5 The furnace shell and supporting bracket will first be described. The bracket 54 includes a side web 60 (Fig. 7) and a connecting cross web 61, these webs merging into a neck 62 which connects with a hub 63 providing a bearing for the loosely journalled furnace shell shaft 64. (See Figs. 7 and 27.) The webs 60 are connected by pins 65 and 66 on which are journalled rollers 67 and 68 respectively which are adapted to roll on the track 53. The frame 52 is provided with a curved end portion 69 so formed that the roller 68 may swing around the underside of this curved portion and may strike a stop portion 70. The webs 60 are also connected by a pin 71 having fixed thereon a stop member 72 provided with a finger 73 which may slide along within a groove 74 which extends below the surface of the track 53. The finger 73 is adapted to strike against a stop plate 75 located at the bottom end of the groove 74. Bracket 54 carries a roller 76 adapted to strike against the arcuate surface 77 of the shock lever 78 which is pivoted at 79 upon the frame 52.

Bracket 54 also carries a. roller 80 adapted to strike against the concave curved surface 81 of the lever 78. Lever 78 has a pivotal connection at 82 with a rod 83 which passes through acollar 84 having a stem 85 by means of which said collar 84 is pivoted upon the frame 52. Rod 83 carries nuts 86 and a washer 87, and a spring 88 is located between the collar 84 and the washer 87 and this spring 88 normally holds the lever 78 in position shown in Fig. 5. The pin 71 serves to attach the bracket 54 to the yoke 89 of a link 90 having yoke 91 straddling the leg 92 of frame 52 and connected by pin 93 with arms 94 located on each side of frame 52 and pivoted on pin 95 carried by the frame. A slot 96, concentrically arranged with the pin 95, carried by the frame 52, is provided in said frame. This slot is adapted to receive the pin 93 of the lever 91, whereby the movement of said lever is limited to the length of the slot.

The bracket 54 is provided with a stop adapted to engage a throw out lever 101 pivoted at 102 upon frame 52 and having a lug 103 adapted to engage a stop 104 carried by frame 52. A spring 105 attached at 106 to frame 52 and at 107 to the lever 101 tends normally to maintain the lever 101 in the position shown in Fig. 2 or to maintain the lever 101 in contact with the stop 100 when the parts are in the position in Fig. 5. Referring to Fig. 13 bracket 54 carries a latch plate 110 having anotch 111 adapted to be engaged by latch lever 112 pivoted at 113 upon a bracket 114 extending out from the controller housing 56. A mechanism for operating the latch lever 112 will be described later. For the present it is sulficient tostate that there is mechanism for rotating the latch lever 112 clockwise so that the latch plate 110 may be released. The latch lever 112 is held normally in position shown in Figs. 13 and 20, by means of a spring 115 attached at 116 to the lever 112 and the other end is attached to the frame 52. When the bracket 54 is moved toward the burner the beveled surface 118 pro-vided on the latch plate 110 will strike the beveled surface 119 provided on the lever 112 causing the lever 112 to be moved clockwise as viewed in Fig. 13 until the hooked portion of the lever will ride over the top of latch plate 110 and will snap into the notch 111 thus locking the bracket 54 in operative position.

The shaft 64 which rotatably supports the furnace shell is provided with a flange 120 Fig. 27 to which is attached by screws 121 a ring 122 provided with side holes 123 to assist in dissipating heat. To this ring 122 is bolted furnace shell 55 by means of screws 125. Shell 55 at its open end is provided with an annular recess 126 Fig. 9 adapted to receive the annular flange 127 of the furnace shell cover 128 which is provided with the circular flange 129 which contacts with trunnions to be described, by means of which rotation is imparted to the furnace shell and cover. The shell 55 is provided with lugs 130 and 131 which support pins 132 and 132 respectively. Pin 132 carries a latch lever 133 having a handle 134 and an arcuate notch 135 adapted to receive a pin 136 supported by lugs 137 extending from the shell cover 128. The pin 132 supports a latch lever 133, and a notch 135 of this lever is adapted to receive a pin 138 attached to links 139 having at one end round holes through which pass a pin 140 which is supported by lugs 141 extending from the shell cover 128. The lugs 131 are provided with slots 142 to permit of movement of the pin 140 relative to the furnace shell 55. The links 139 are provided with slots 143 through which the pin 132 extends, said slots 143 permit-ting movement of the links 139 relative to the furnace shell 55. The latch lever 1.33 is located between the links 139 as shown in Fig. 12, and is attached to the pin 132. The handle 134 is also attached to the pin 132 so that by moving the handle 134 the latch 133 will be operated. It is apparent therefore that when the furnace shell has been removed to the position shown in Fig. 2, the shell cover 128 may be lifted upwardly after the latch levers 133 and 133 have been moved to the position shown in Fig. 11 and the cover 128 may be swung in the position shown in Fig. 14 with the lugs 141 resting against pins 144 carried by the lugs 131.

In Fig. 9, a shell 55 is provided nith a cylindrical refractory lining member with an end lining member 151. Likewise cover 128 is provided with a cylindrical lining member 152 and with an end lining member 153. The end wall of shell carries a stop member 154 against which rests the head 155 of a cylinder 156 having side walls 157 and a rectangular base or mounting flange 158. The cylinder head 155 which is illustrated by way of example. includes in take and exhaust passages and is provided with mounting flanges 159 and 160, faces of which are machined or parallel to one another and to the axis of the cylinder. 'lhese flanges assist in locating the cylinder within the furnace shell. As shown in Fig. 9 the flange 159 rests against a clamp member 161 attached to the shell 55 by means of bolts 162 and nuts 163. The flange of the cylinder head 155 rests against a movable clamping member 164 which is carried upon a plunger 165 which slides through the furnace shell 55 and is also guided by a yoke 166 attached by screws 167 to the furnace shell. A spring 168 located between the yoke 166 and a collar 169 pinned at 170 to the plunger 165, serves to maintain the clamp 164 against the flange 160.

The furnace cover 128 is provided with a mounting block 171 having a central opening 172 and a rectangular recess 173 adapted to receive the cylinder flange 153. The central hole 172 Fig. 14 is in alignment with similar holes provided in the lining member 153 in the head of the cover 128, which holes are co-axial with a collar member .175. When the cover 128 is clamped by means of the clamping lever 133 in position upon the shell 155 as shown in Fig. 9 the cylinder 156 will be clamped between the mounting blocks 171 and 154 while the clamping members 161 and 164 assist in maintaining the cylinder 156 substantially concentric to the furnace shell. A fin material is indicated at 1'76 and the binding wires at 177. For further description of the method of assembling the in material and brazing matter upon the cylinder 156 reference is made to the copending application of Charles F. Kettering referred to.

The burner 57 will next be described. This burner includes a base 180 having a dove-tail portion 181 adapted to be received by guide 182 and a gib 183 included between said clove-tail 181 and guide 184. These guides 182 and 184 are formed integrally with the upper surface of the controller housing 56. By virtue of this construction the burner bracket 189 is adjustable with respect to the furnace shell 55. The bracket 180 supports a burner housing 185 having a mounting flange 185". T he body 185 supports a burner insert 186 carrying an atomizing orifice 187 and a fuel nozzle 188. Nozzle 188 is attached to a fitting 189 supported by the burner housing 185. Body 185 is provided with a fitting 199" attached to air hose 190. Air delivered from the hose 190 will pass through the orifice 187 and cause fuel to be sucked up from the nozzle 188 and to be sprayed out into the insert 186. This spray is ignited by a spark from the spark plug 191 and mixes with air conning in through the small holes 192 in the wall of the insert 186. As air is supplied to the burner under pressure a flame will be projected out through the flame tube 193 which is supported by means of a flame tube bracket 194 having a mounting flange 195 attached by screws 196 to the mounting flange 185 of burner 185. The products of combustion from this flame tube 193 will be delivered into the interior of the cylinder 156, and since the exterior of this cylinder is sealed off by the cylinder mounting 1ncin-- bers from the interior of the furnace the combustion products will pass from the cylinder 156 back through the tubular extension 197 of the flame tube bracket 194 and out through a stack 198. The flame tube 193 being subjected to high tcniperature will require replacement before other parts of the burner are worn out. This tube is constructed preferably of metal which is not readily deteriorated by heat but in order to facilitate replacement this tube is detachably secured in position by means of a set screw 199. A leveling screw 200 has a screw threaded connection with the bracket 180 and is locked in position by a lock nut 201. This screw 200 assists in supporting the combustion tube bracket 194.

The furnace operating and controlling mechanism supported by the controller housing 56 will now be described. In Figs. 20 to 25 a housing 56 is provided with a bearing 210 and with a cover 211 having a bearing 212. Bearing 210 supports a sleeve 213 in which is j ournalled a shaft 214 which is also journalled within the bearing 212. The shaft 214 loosely supports a worm gear 215 meshing with a worm 216 (see Fig. 21) which is carried upon a shaft 217 which extends through all of the furnace controllers in a bank of furnaces. Each of the controller housings 56 carries a bracket 218 providing a journal for this shaft. Vithin each of the housings 56 the shaft 217 carries a beveled gear 219 meshing with a beveled gear 220 carried by shaft 221 journalled within the bearing 222 supported by bearing bracket 223 formed integrally with the housing 56. Each shaft 221 extends through the end wall of the housing 56 and is supported by a bracket 225 and carries a trunnion 226 having a beveled edge 227. Outside of the controller housing 56 the shaft 217 carries beveled gears 228 each meshing with a beveled gear 229, each carried by a shaft 230, each, shaft 230 being supported by brackets 231 and 232 and carrying trunnions 226. Each pair of trunnions 226 is adapted to receive the flange 129 of the furnace shell cover 128.

The three housings 56 support controlling devices for the bank of three furnaces shown in Fig. 1 and are preferably tied together by web members 233 so that the rear ends of all the frames 52 are tied together by one casting. Other tie members 234 which are bolted to mounting pads 235 (see Fig. 5) serve to attach the frames 52 together. A motor supporting shelf 236 which is supported by two of the housings 56 carries an electric motor 237 which drives a shaft 217 through a train of gears located in a gear box 237. The motor 237 also drives a timer distributor element 238 for supplying ignition sparks intermittently through the high tension cables 239 to the burner spark plugs 191.

Each shaft 214 supports a worm gear 215 carrying a cam 250 provided with a cam slot 251, ratchet 252 to which are pinned cams 253 and 254, air valve cam 255 and furnace rotation timing cam including relatively adjustable members 256 and 257. Member 256 is pinned to the shaft 214 while the member 257 is carried on the sleeve 213 which has keyed thereto a collar 258 carrying graduations 259. A collar 260 is keyed to the shaft 214 and by tightening up on the nut 261 which is rotated on the shaft 214, the sleeve 213 carrying the cam member 257 will be clamped between the cam member 256 and the collar 260. Therefore by loosening the nut 261 the sleeve 213 may be rotated relative to the shaft 214 by turning the graduated collar 258. Relative movement between the cam members 256 and 257 is limited by pin 262 which projects through an arcuate slot 263 carried by the cam member 256. The shaft 214 is connected with an operating rod 264 by means of universal joint 265. The rod 264 is supported by bracket 266 carried by frame 52 and is pro- Vided with a handle 267.

The bracket 218 supports a stud 270 upon which is journalled a lever 271 carrying cam roller 272 which projects into cam slot 251. A pawl 273 carrying a pin 274 is pivotally mounted at 275 upon the lever 271 and a spring 276, located between the stud 277 carried by lever 271 and the pawl 273, normally maintains the pawl 273 in contact with the ratchet 252. The bracket 218 carries a pin 280 against which bears a spring 281 bearing also against a pawl 282 pivotally mounted at 283 on the bracket 218. Pawl 282 cooperates with the ratchet 252 to prevent backing up of the ratchet.

The stud 270 supports an escapement lever 290 having teeth 291 and 292 so related to the cams 253 and 254 that after the cam 253 has been turned far enough to clear the tooth 291 there will still be a slight amount of clearance between the cam 254 and the tooth 292 so that by gravity the lever 290 may drop from the position shown in Fig. 25 to the position shown in Fig. 24. The lever 290 has an extension 293 adapted to engage with the pin 274 whereby to throw the pawl 273 out of engagement with ratchet 252 when the lever 290 occupies the position shown in Fig. 25.

The cam 255 is adapted to engage a lever 300 j ournalled upon a stud 301 carried by the housing 56. Lever 300 is connected to link 302 which extends up through a hole 303 provided in the top wall of the housing 56 and connected at 304 with a lever 305 which is pivoted at 306 upon a valve casting 307 secured by bolts 308 to the top of housing 56. Casting 307 is provided with an intake passage 309 communicating with air delivery pipe 310. Pipe 309 leads through a valve seat 311 to an outlet passage 312 being adapted to receive air hose 190 leading to the fuel burner 57. The valve seat 311 receives a valve 31.3 having a stem 314 passing through. packing material 315 and a packing gland 316. A spring 317 interposed between the valve 313 and located within a recess in the head of the valve bears against a plug 318, this spring 317 normally maintaining the valve 313 upon its seat. When the cam 255 is turned clockwise as viewed in Fig. 19, the lobe 255 will strike against the projection 300 of the lever 300 causing the link 302 to move up and the lever 305 to open the valve 313. As long as the projection 300 rests on top of the lobe 255 this valve will be held open, therefore this cam constitutes a member for initially opening the air valve. Since it is desirable to cause the air valve to be closed in accordance with the temperature within the furnace and independent of the operation of the shaft 214 other means are Provided. liel t g the valve pen a er The shaft 322 carries an arm 324 provided with a slotted portion 325 withwhich cooperates a pin 326 carried by a fork 327 mounted upon the end of a rod 328 attached to a solenoid armature 329. Armature 329 slides within a tube 330 surrounded by magnet winding 331 having terminals 332 and 333 and housed within a magnetizable tube 334 which is supported by bracket 335 upon the bracket 323. A spring 336 interposed between bracket 335 and a washer 337 carried by the rod 328 normally presses the finger 321 toward the pin 320. As shown in Fi 16 the magnet 331 has been energized sui ficiently to attract the armature 329 toward a core portion 338 and to move the finger 321 out from under the pin 320. Fig. 16 shows the finger 321 on the verge of leaving the pin 320. As will be explained later the winding 321 is responsive to temperature and when the desired temperature has been reached, this winding will be energized sufficiently to move the finger 321 away from the pin 320. In the normal operation of the machine the cam lobe 255 will have been moved away from the projection 300 before the maximum temperature is reached. Therefore, if finger 321 releases the pin 320 the spring 317 will be free to close the valve 313 thereby stopping the burner by cutting off the supply of air and fuel.

In the wiring diagram shown in Fig. 29, the winding 331 is shown connected with current supply leads 340 and 341 by means of a main switch 342 and a relay switch 343 which is controlled .by a magnet winding 344, the terminals of which are attached to brushes 345 and 346 bearing against slit rings 347 and 348 respectively, these rings being connected with a thermocouple 349 which is located within the furnace shell 55 and subjected to the hottest temperature within the furnace. The thermocouple is mounted upon the sleeve 350 and the wires from this couple are connected with the slit rings 347 and 348 which are mounted as shown in Fig. 27 upon the furnace shaft 64 but insulated therefrom. The brushes 346 and 347 are mounted upon the housing 351 which is attached by screws 352 to the bracket 54. The housing 351' is provided with an end cover 353. By removing the cover 353 the leads from the thermocouple may be detached from the slit rings and the thermocouple withdrawn out through the open end of the furnace.

The supply means 340 and 341 are connected by switch 360 with the motor 237 dr v he timerdistributer 23.

Images