US1556451A

US1556451A - Container and process of making the same

Info

Publication number: US1556451A
Application number: US615278A
Authority: US
Inventors: Mauck Victor
Original assignee: JOHN WOOD Manufacturing CO
Current assignee: JOHN WOOD Manufacturing CO
Priority date: 1923-01-27
Filing date: 1923-01-27
Publication date: 1925-10-06
Anticipated expiration: 1942-10-06

Description

Oct. 6 1925- V. MAUCK CONTAINER AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Jan. 2'7, 5 2 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 6, 1925., 1,556,451

V. MAUCK CONTAINER AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Jan. 27, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. I1

Zlmnentnr: V/crol? MA uc Patented Oct. 6, 1925. i

T all whom it may concern:

' zen of the United States, residing at Norris- State of Pennsylvania, have invented a cer- Inents relate particularly to the method of and means for providing such a container with suitable pipe connecting means.

- subjected when a pipe such stresses, of course,

* UNITED STATES PATENT 'oFFicE.

VICTOR MA'UCK, OF

racruame COMPANY, or cousnonocxn nonnlsrown,

PENNSYLVANIA.

CONTAINER AND PROCESS-0F MAKING THE SAME.

,Be it known that I,

town, in the county tain new and useful tainers and Processes whereof the following is a specification,

reference being had drawings.

My invention is particularly applicable to containers of thetype known as range boilers, i. e., water tanks provided with pipe fittings for inclusion system with a kitchen range water-back, or other water heating means. Such containers include a cylindrical having .opp'ositelend closures and provided w1th' ,means for screw threaded connection with ordinary water water is circulated toand from the water chamber within the co Heretofore, it has 1) tice to provide such containers with what are known to the trade as lar' pieces of cast or are riveted or otherwise secured at openings in the container shell or its opposite end closures, or both; which spuds are screw threaded to .engage Suchdevices of the prior art are unsatisfactory, in that it is not a tight joint between the primarily separate metal of the spud and the tainer shell or closure, but even after such a water-tight; it may be caused the stress to which the spud is joint ismade to leak under spud in its seat in the over, as the screw threading operation is the last performed upon the container after the latter has been brazed at its joints and galvanized or otherwise side with alloy which is imposible to discover defects in the spuds at the portions thereof where the screw threads must be cut, threading operation, covered that some spu and it may then be dis- Application filed January 27, 1923. Serial No. 615,278.

VICTOR MAUoK, a citisuch defect.

Therefore, it is the object of to avoid the defects aforesaid of Montgomery and Improvement in Concf Making the Same,

to the accompanying out any possibility of develop in a water circulating devices of the prior art.

Asv hereinafter described;

tubular body or shell tainer wall "as a plane annular in registry with an opening in wall, and, thereupon, both the reinforcement and of the wall pipes through which ntainer. My improvewhat is to be ultimately the een the ordinary pracplate is deformed at its centr spuds, to wit, annuwrought metal which the pipes aforesaid.

only diflicult to make metal of the con-.

pendently of brazing and galvanizing the is screwed into it;

thus primarily connected.\

tending to twist the containerwall. More features of construction,

fied. coated inside and outis principally zinc; it

ing-my invention.

closure of said container.

Fig. III is a side elevation o d in the container is so shown in Fig. II.

until such final screw PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 JOHN WOOD MANN- N, PENNSYLVANIA, A GORPORATION OF defective that a tight screw threaded connection cannot be made therewith, and the entire container must be scrapped my invention by providing a wrought metal reinforcement at each region of the container where it must be screw threaded for a pipe connection, and of such character that the reinforcement becomes an integral part of the container withment of such defects as above noted with respect to the because of such a reinforcement is primarily applied to the conplate washer,

T conveniently punched from a stock sheet of rolled steel. Such reinforcement is applied the container metal of the itself are distorted together, preferably outwardly from inside of the al portion to metal parts My invention includes the various novel arrangement and procedure herelnafter more definitely speci- In said drawings; Fig. is an elevation of a container of the range boiler type, embody- Fig. II is a planview of the .uppei end fsaid closure container; so that said.- annular reinforcing Fig. IV is a plan view of a plane annular plate or washer reinforcement.

Fig. V is an edge View of said reinforcement shown in Fig. IV.

Fig. VI is a fragmentary radial sectional View taken on the line VI in Fig. II, dia- 'metrically with respect to one of the openings in said container closure and the annular plane reinforcement aforesaid, in registry therewith.

Fig. VII is a fragmentary sectional view, similar to Fig. VI, but showing the metal of said container closure and its reinforcement deformed by suitable die elements to form a tubular conical socket extending outwardly with respect to the interior of the container.

Fig. VIII is a fragmentary sectional view of said container closure and its reinforcement similar to Fig. VII, but after the structure has been brazed.

Fig. IX is a fragmentary sectional view similar to Fig. VIII, but with the structure in its final screw threaded form, and indicating a water-pipe connected therewith.

Referring to Fig. I; the container ineludes the cylindrical tubular body or shell 1, which is conveniently formed of a primarily flat sheet of steel, or other ferric metal, which is rolled to form-a cylinder with edges abutting at the line 2, where said edges are electrically or otherwise welded to form a water-tight joint. Said container 1 is provided with the upper end closure 4 and lower end closure 5. Said closure 4 is provided with the cold water inlet pipe 3, in communication with the municipal supply, and the hot water outlet pipe 6 leading to the dispensing fixtures.

Said container 1 is provided with the cold water outlet pipe 8 and the hot water inlet pipe 9, respectively leading to and from the range water-back 10, or other water heating means. Said pipe 8 is connected with said bottom closure 5, and said pipe 9is connected with the side wall of the container 1, as shown.

I find it convenient to explain my invention with reference to the upper end closure 4 of said container 1. Said closure 4 is conveniently pressed to the peculiar form shown in Figs. II and III from a primarily flat sheet of steel or other ferric metal, and includes the convex web 12 having the cylindrical rim flange 13 in unitary relation therewith. Said closure web 12 has a principally plane panel 14 pressed therein, of the configuration indicated in Fig. II, with rounded edges merging into theconvex surface of said web 12, as indicated in Fig. III, and forming a plane reinforcement seat 15. Two holes, 16 and 17, are punched through the metal of said closure 4 during the operation of forming the latter, and at the regions where it is desired to connect said pipes 5 and 6. However, as indicated, those open ings are primarily much smaller in diameter than said pipes.

Respective annular plane reinforcing plates or Washers 19 of ductile metal, preferably low carbon steel, of the configuration shown in Figs. IV and V, each having a central hole 20, of smaller diameter than the respective closure holes 16 and 17, are respectively applied in registry with said holes, upon said seat 15, at the inner surface of the closure 4, as indicated in Fig. VI. The two reinforcements 19 and the adjacent container wall metal of the closure 4 are then, preferably simultaneously, subjected to a pressing drawing operation, conveniently by means of the pair of die members 22 and 23 indicated in Fig. VII, which cooperate to deform the metal of said closure 4 and its reinforcements 19, together, and outwardly from what is to be ultimately the inside of the container, so that each annular reinforcing plate 19 is drawn at its central portion to form an outwardly extending tubular cone 25 within a corresponding tubular cone 26 in the metal of said container closure 4.

As indicated in Fig. VII; I prefer to so proportion the opening 20 in each reinforcement 19, with respect to the opening 16 or 17 I in the closure 4, that when the metal of those parts is deformed, together, as above described, the tubular portion 25 of each reinforcement extends through the tubular portion 26 of the closure wall; with the result that, as the metal of said reinforcements is under compression during such deformation, it expands exterior to the metal of said closure, as indicated at 28 in Fig. VII, so as to permanently interlock the reinforcement 19 with the metal of the container wall, comprised in said closure 4, without other connecting means; so that said annular reinforcement 19 immediately becomes an in-- tegral part of the container structure as the result of the first operation upon it in connection with such structure.

However, in proceeding with the manufacture of such a container as indicated at l in Fig. I; I push the closure 4 into the c lindrical shell of the container until said shell overlaps the cylindrical skirt flange 13 on said closure 4 far enough to be rolled over the same as indicated at 30 in Fig. I. Such rolling operation may be conveniently effected by rotation of the container in contact with the roller 31 indicated in Fig. I.

Pre aratory to brazing the structure thus assem led; I clean the metal at the regions which are to be brazed, by any suitable means, for instance, by immersing such enters the brazing metal. operation is to cause the brazing alloy to tainer 1, preferably to avisible red, and then invert and dip both the container shell and its closure 4 into a molten bath of brazing alloy, to a depth sufficient to submerge said closure flange 13 in said bath. I find it convenient to form such brazing valloy of fifty parts of copper and fifty parts of zinc, and to maintain the same at a temperature'of from 1750 to 1800 degrees F., during the brazing operation; with a suitable flux, such as borax, molten-upon the surface of the bath; so that the structure dipped therein The effect of said not only penetrate the interstice 32,-indicated in Fig. VII, between the wall of the container and the reinforcement 19, but also to fillet the inner junction of said elements, as indicated at 33 in Fig. VIII, and form a rounded bead 35 at the outer interlocked edges of said elements, as indicated in Fig. VIII;

It is to be understood that the brazing operation above described is so effective in integrating the metal of the container wall with its reinforcement, that even if both be split, before such brazing operation, the split is bridged and closed so that a perfect screw thread maybe formed at the region of the container thus reinforced. As above mentioned; it isthe ordinary practice to provide such containers as indicated at 1 in Fig. I, with a coating 36 upon both the outside and the inside surfaces thereof, formed of an alloy known as spelter and which is principally zinc, and it is formed upon the container by first immersing the latter in adetergent liquidwhieh removes all grease and dirt from the metal of the structure, and then immersing the structure in a molten bath of the coating alloy until the metal of the container is coated both inside and outside. Thereupon, the container is removed from the coating bath and drained.

Thereafter, and as next to the last step in the process of making amontainer in the form of my invention; each of the reinforced openings is reamed to the proper size for introduction of the screw threading tools and then, as the final step in said process, each of said openings is provided with a suitable pipe thread, such as indicated at 37 in Fig. IX.

It is to be understood that the bottom closure 5 may have a suitable opening therein provided with a reinforcement substantially as above described, for connection of the container with the pipe 8. Similarly, the wall of said container 1 may be provided with the reinforced screw threaded socket 38 for connection with the pipe 9.

Although I have explained my invention is coated with such flux as it with reference to the manufacture of a container of the range boiler type; it is to be understood that my improvements are equally applicable to containers of other types. Therefore, I do'not desire to limit myself to the precise details of construction, arrangement and procedure herein set forth, as it is obvious that various modifications may be" made therein without departing from the essential features of my invention, as defined in the appended claims.

I claim: 1. In a container, the combination with a sheet metal wall having an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising a circular annular plate having a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending in coaxial conically curved tubular relation,

in contact with each other; the tubulan port-ion of the metal of said reinforcement extending .within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall, and through said wall; the tubular portion ofsaid reinforcement extending through said wall being expandedto a larger outside diameter than the inside diameter of the tubular portion of said wall; whereby said wall and its reinforcement are interlocked; a. film of bra-zing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them,

and forming a bead at the ends of the tubular portions of said reinforcement and wall and forming a fillet at the junction of the other end of said reinforcement with said wall; a coating of zinc alloy ext-ending over said wall and reinforcement; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in' said wall.

2. In a container, the combination with a. sheet metal wall having an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising an annular plate having-a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending in co= axial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall, and through said wall; the tubular portion of said reinforcement extending through said wall being expanded to a larger outside diameter than the inside diameter of the tubular portion of said wall; whereby said- Wall and its reinforcement are interlocked; a film of brazing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them, and forming a bead at the ends of the tubular portions of said reinforcement and wall and forming a fillet at the junction of the other end of said reinforcement with said wall;

axial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall, and through said wall; thetubular portion 0 said reinforcement extending through said wall being expanded to a larger outside diameter than the inside diameter of the tubular portion of said wall; whereby said wall and its reinforcement are interlocked; a film of brazing alloy-extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them, and forming a bead at the ends of the tubular portions of said reinforcement and wall and forming a fillet at the junction of the other end of said reinforcement with said wall; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

4. In a container, the combination with a sheet metal wall having an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said-opening, comprising an annular plate having a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said'wall and of said reinforcement extending in coaxial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall,.and through said wall; the tubular portion ofsaid reinforcement extending through said wallbeing expanded to a larger outside diameter than the inside diameter of the tubular portion of said wall; whereby said wall and its reinforcement are interlocked; a film of brazing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

5. In a container, the combination w1th a sheet metal wall having an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising an annular plate having a' central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending incoaxial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall; the tubular portion of said rein forcement being expanded to a larger outside diameter than the inside diameter of the tubular portion of said wall; whereby said wall and its reinforcement are interlocked; a film of brazing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

6. In a container, the combination with a sheet metal wall having an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising an annular plate having a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending in coaxial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall and being expanded thereover; a film 0f brazing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them, and forming a bead at the ends of the tubular portions of said reinforcement and wall and forming a fillet at the junction of the larger end of said reinforcement with said wall; a coating of zinc alloy extending over said wall and reinforcement; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

7 Ina container, the combination with a sheet metal wall having an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising an annular plate having a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending in eoaxial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall and being interlocked therewith; a film of brazing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, in-

tegrally uniting them, and forming a bead at the ends of the tubular portions of said reinforcement and wall; a coating of zinc alloy extending over said wall and reinforcement; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

-, 8. In a container, the combination with asheet metal wall having an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising an annular plate having a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending in coaxial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall and permanently engaged therewith by a unitary portion of said reinforcement; a film of brazing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them, and forming a fillet at the junction of the larger end of said reinforcement with said wall; a coating of zinc alloy extending over said Wall and reinforcement; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

9. In a container, the combination with a sheet metal. wallhaving an opening therethrough; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising an annular plate having a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending in coaxial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within the tubular portion of the metal of said wall and directly permanently engaged therewith; a film of brazing alloy extending between said reinforcement and said wall, integrally uniting them; and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

10. In a container, the combination with a sheet metal wall having an opening therethro'ugh; of a sheet metal reinforcement for said opening, comprising an annular plate having a central opening smaller than the opening in said wall; the metal of said wall and of said reinforcement extending in coaxial tubular relation; the tubular portion of the metal of said reinforcement extending within and being interlocked with the tubular portion of the metal of said wall;

= and an internal pipe screw thread formed in the tubular portion of said reinforcement which extends in said wall.

11. The process of making a container,

which includes forming a cylindrical tubular body shell, from a primarily plane sheet of metal, by bending the same and welding opposite edges thereof together; forming a closure for one end of said shell by pressing a primarily plane sheet of metal to form a circular web with a cylindrical flange; said web being principally convexly curved but having, in diametrical relation therewith, a plane panel forming, within said -flange, a plane seat for annular reinforcements; said closure having holes therethrough in symmetrical relation with said panel, at opposite ends thereof, in eccentric relation with said circular Web; forming annular reinforcements of plane sheet metal, each having an axial hole of smaller diameter than the holes in said closure; applying said reinforce ments in contact'w1th said seat, with their holes res ectively in registry with the holes in said c osure; deforming the metal of said closure I and said reinforcements, together, outwardly from What is to be ultimately the inside of the container, so thateach of said reinforcements is deformed at its central portion to form an outwardly extending tubular cone within a corresponding tubular forcement with the wall; p'ushing said closure into said shell until the latter overlaps the cylindrical flange on said closure, far enough to be rolled over the same; rolling said shell over said closure; preheating both the closure and the adjacent portion of said shell, to a visible red; then dipping said shell and closure into a molten bath of brazing alloy of equal parts of copper and zinc, to a depth'suflicient to submerge said closure flange in said bath; while maintaining said bath at a temperature of from 1750 to 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, during the brazing operation, with a suitable flux, such as borax, molten upon the surface. of the bath; so that said structure dipped in said bath is coated with such flux. as it enters the brazing metal; thus causing the brazing metal to penetrate the interstices between said-reinforcements and the adjacent wall; withdrawing said structure from the bath with the closure downward, so as to drain the molten brazing metal from the interior of said container through said openings, and

reinforcements; chemically cleaning said structure; then immersing said structure in a molten bath of coating alloy of which the principal ingredient is zinc; withdrawing said structure from the coating alloy so as -to drain the surplus coating metal from the interior of said container through said openings; reaming each of said openings to the proper size for introduction of a screw threading tool; then forming, in said open; ings, in said tubular portions of said reinforcements, suitable plpe screw threads.

12. The process" of making a container, which includes forming a cylindrical tubular body shell; forming a closure for one end of said shell by pressing a primarily plane sheet of metal to form a circular web with a cylindrical flange; said web having a .plane panel forming, within said flange, a plane seat for annular reinforcements; said closure having holes therethrough in symmetrical relatioii with said panel, at opposite ends thereof, in eccentric relation with said circular web; forming annular reinforcements of'plane sheet metal, each having an axial hole of smaller diameterthan the holes in said closure; applying said reinforcementsin "contact with said seat, with their holes respectively in registry with the holes in said closure; -deforming the metal of said closure'and said reinforcements, together, so that each of said reinforcements is deformed at its central portion to form a tubular cone within a corresponding tubular cone in the container wall; the tubular portion of each reinforcement extending in the tubular portion of the adjacent wall and being expanded so as to permanently engage the reinforcement with the wall; pushing said closure into said shell; preheating both the closure and the adjacent portion of said shell, to a visible red; then dipping said shell and closure into a molten bath of brazing alloy to a depth sufficient to submerge said closure flange in said bath; with a suitable flux, such as borax, molten upon the surface of the bath; so that said structure dipped in said bath is coated. with such flux asit enters the brazing metal; thus causing the brazing metal to penetrate the interstices between said reinforcements and the adjacent wall; withdrawing said structure from the bath with the closure downward, so as to drain the molten brazing metal from the interior of said container through said openings, and cause said brazing metal to fillet the junction of the larger ends of said reinforcements with said container and also form respective rounded heads at the interlocked edges of the tubular elements aforesaid; thus integrating the metal of the container wall with said reinforcements; cleaning said structure; then immersing said structure in a molten bath of coating metal; withdrawing said structure from the coating metal so as to drain the surplus coating metal from the interior of said container through said openings; reaming each of said openings to the proper size for introduction of a screw threading tool; then forming, in said openings, in said tubular portions of (said reinforcements, suitable pipe screw threads.

13. The process of making a container, which includes forming a cylindrical tubular body shell; forming a closure for one end of said shell by pressing a primarily plane sheet of metal to form a circular web with a cylindrical flange; said web having a plane panel forming, within said flange, a plane seat for annular reinforcements; said closure having a hole through said panel; forming an annular reinforcement of plane sheet metal, having an axial hole of smaller diameter than the hole in said closure; applying said reinforcement in contact with said seat, with its hole respectively in registry with the hole in said closure; deforming the metal of said closure and said reinforcement, together, outwardly from what is to be ultimately the inside of the container, so that said reinforcement is deformed at its central portion to form an outwardly extending tubular cone within a corresponding tubular cone in the container wall; the tubular porthe adjacent portion of said shell, to a visible red; then dipping said shell and closure into a molten bath of brazing alloyto a depth sufficient to submerge said closure flange in said bath; with a suitable flux, molten upon the surface of the bath; so that said structure dipped in said bath is coated with such flux as it enters the brazing metal; thus causing the brazing metal to penetrate the interstices between said reinforcement and the adjacent wall; withdrawing said structure from the bath with the closure downward,

so as to drain the molten brazing metal from the interior of said container through said opening, and cause said brazing metal to fillet the inner junction of said reinforcement with said container and also form a rounded bead at the outer interlocked edges of the tubular elements aforesaid; thus integrating the metal of the container wall with said reinforcement; cleaning said structure; then immersing said structure in a molten bath of coating metal; withdrawing said structure from the coating metal so as to drain the surplus coating metal from the interior of said container through said opening; and forming, in said opening, in said tubular portion of said reinforcement, a suitable pipe screw thread.

14. The process of making a container, which includes forming a cylindrical tubular body shell; forming a closure for one end of said shell by pressing a primarily plane sheet of metal to form a circular web with a cylindrical flange; said web having within said flange, a seat for a reinforcement;-said closure having a hole through said seat; forming an annular reinforcement of plane sheet metal, having an axial hole of smaller diameter than the hole in said seat; applying said reinforcement in contact with said seat, with its hole respectively in registry with. the hole in said seat; deforming the metal of said closure and said reinforcement, together, outwardly from what is to be ultimately the inside ofthe container, so that said reinforcement is deformed at its central portion to form an outwardly extending tubular cone within a corresponding tubular cone in the container wall;,the tubular portion of said reinforcement extending in the tubular portion of the adjacent wall and being expanded so as to permanently engage the reinforcement with the wall; pushing said closure into said shell; preheating both the closure and the adjacent portion of said ture from the-bath with the closure downward, so as to drain the molten brazing metal from the interior of said container through said opening, and cause said brazing metal to fillet the inner junction of said reinforcement with said container and also i a form a rounded bead atthe outer interlocked edges of the tubular elements aforesaid; thus integrating the metal of the container wall with said reinforcement; cleaning said structure; then lmmersing said structure 1n a molten bath of coating metal; withdrawing said structure from the coating metal so as to drain the surplus coating metal from the interior of' said container through said opening; and forming,'in said opening, in

said tubular portion of said reinforcement, a suitable pipe screw thread.

15. The process of making a container, which includes forming a cylindrical tubular body shell; forming aclosure for one end of said shell by pressing a primarily plane sheet of metal to form a circular-web with a cylindrical flange; said web having within said flange, a seat for a reinforcement; said closure having a hole through said seat; forming an annular reinforcement of plane sheet metal, having an axial hole of smaller diameter than the hole in said seat; applying said reinforcement in contact with said seat, with its hole respectively in registry with the hole in said seat; deforming the metalof said closure and said reinforcement, together, so that said reinforcement is deformed at its central portion to form a tubu: lar "cone within a corresponding tubular cone in the container wall; the tubular portion of said reinforcement extending in the v tubular portion of the adjacent wall and being expanded so as to permanently engage the reinforcement with the wall; push ng said closure into said shell; preheating both the closure and the adjacent portion of said shell; then dipping said shell and'closure into a molten bath of brazing alloy to a depth sufiicient to submerge said closure .fiange in said bath; with a suitable flux, f

molten upon the surface of the bath; so that said structure dipped in said bath is coated with such flux as it enters the brazing metal; thus causing the brazing metalto penetrate the interstices between said a reinforcement and the adjacent wall; withdrawing said structure from the bath with the closure downward, so as to drainthe molten brazing to drain the surplus coating metal from the interior of said container through said opening; and forming in said opening, in said tubular portion of said reinforcement, a suitable pipe screwsthread. Y

16. The process of making a container, which includes forming a body shell; forming a closure for one end of said shell by pressing a primarily plane sheet of metal to form a web with a flange; said web having a seat for a reinforcement; said closure hav-' ing a hole through said-seat; forming a reinforcement of sheet metal,-having an axial hole of smaller diameter than the hole in said seat;- applying said reinforcement in contactwith said seat, with its hole respectively inrgistry with the hole in said seat deforming the metal of said closure and said reinforcement, together, so th said rein- 'forcement is deformed at its ce tral portion 3 to form a'tube within a corresponding tube in the containerwall; the tubular portion of said reinforcement extendingin the tubular portion of the adjacent wall and being expanded, so as to permanently engage the reinforcement with the wall; pushing said closure into said shell; dipping said shell and closure into a molten bath of brazing alloy to a depth sufiicient to submerge said closureflange in said bath; with a suitable flux, molten upon the surface of the bath; so

said reinforcement with'said container and also form a rounded bead-at the outer interlocked edges of the 'tubiilarfel'enients afore- 1 said; thus integrating the' .ini'et lof-the con-- tainer wall with sa'rd're' fo ce' ent; cleaning said structure; I immersing said structure inva moltemba'th v coating metal; withdrawing said structur froniithe coating metal; so as to drainthe urplus vcoating metal from" the interior of said container through said opening; and forming, in said opening, in said tubular portion of said'reinforcement, a suitable Tpipe screw thread.

I sure; applying said reinforcement in contact with said seat, with its hole in registry with the hole in said closure; deforming the metal of said closure and said reinforcements, together, so that each of said reinforcements is deformed at its central portion to form a tubular cone within a corresponding tubular cone in the container wall; the tubular portion of said reinforcement extending in the tubular portion of the adjacent wall and being expanded so as to permanently engage the reinforcement with the wall; pushing said closure into said shell; preheating both the closure and the adjacent portion of said shell; then dipping said shell and closure into a molten bath of brazing alloy, to a depth sufficient to submerge said closure flange in said bath; with a suitable flux, molten upon the surface of the bath; so that said structure dipped in said bath is coated with such flux as it enters the brazing metal; thus causing the brazing metal to penetrate the interstices between said reinforcement and the adjacent wall; withdrawing said structure from the bath with the closure downward, so as to drain the molten brazing metal from the interior of said container through said opening, and cause said brazing metal to fillet the junction of the larger end of said reinforcement with said container and also formia rounded head at the outer interlocked edges of the tubular elements aforesaid; thus integrating the metal of the container wall with said reinforcement; and forming, in said openings, in said tubular portions of said reinforcements, a suitable pipe screw thread.

18. The process of forming'a reinforced pipe socket in a sheet metal container wall which consists in forming a circular hole in said wall of smaller diameter than the desired pipe socket; forming an annular reinforcement of plane sheet metal with an axial hole of smaller diameter than the hole in said wall; applying said reinforcement in registry with the hole in said wall; deforming the metal of said wall and said reinforcement, together, outwardly from what is to be ultimately the inside of the container, so that said reinforcementis deformed at its central portion to form an outwardly extending tubular cone within the corresponding tubular cone in said wall the tubular portion of said reinforcement extending through the tubular portion of said wall and being expanded exterior to said wall, so as to permanently engage said reinforcement with said wall; uniting said reinforcement to said wall, by molten metal introduced between them; reaming the tubular opening through said reinforcement to the proper size for introduction of a screw threading tool; and forming, in said opening, in said tubular portion of said reinforcement, the desired pipe screw thread. i

19. The process of forming a reinforced pipe socket in a sheet metal container wall which consists in forming a circular hole in said wall of smaller diameter than the desired pipe socket; forming an annular reinforcement of wrought metal ,with an axial hole of smaller diameter than the hole in said wall; applying said reinforcement in registry with the hole in said wall; deforming the metal of said wall and said reinforcement, together, so that said reinforcement is deformed at its central portion to form a tubular cone within a=corresponding tubular cone in said wall; the tubular portion of said reinforcement extending through the tubular portion of said wall and being expanded exterior to said wall, so as to permanently engage said reinforcement with said wall; uniting said reinforcement to said wall, by molten metal introduced between them; reaming the tubular opening through said reinforcement to the proper size for introduction of a screw threading tool; and forming, in said opening, in said tubular portion of said reinforcement, the desired pipe screw thread.

20. The process of forming a reinforced 'pipe socket in a sheet metal container wall which consists in forming a circular hole in said wall of smaller diameter than the desired pipe socket; forming an annular reinforcement of wrought metal with an axial hole of smaller diameter than the hole in said wall; applying said reinforcement in registry with the hole in said wall; deforming the metal of said wall and said reinforcement, together, so that said reinforcement is deformed at its central portion to form a tubular cone within a corresponding tubular cone in said wall; the tubular portion of said reinforcement extending through the tubular portion of said wall and being expanded exterior to said wall, so as to permanently engage said reinforcement with said wall; uniting said reinforcement to said wall, by molten metal introduced between them; and forming, in said opening, in'said tubular portion of said reinforcement, the desired pipe screw thread.

21. The process of forming a reinforced forming the metal of said wall and saidreinforcement, to ether, so that said reinforcement is de ormed at its central portion to form an outwardly extending tube within a corresponding tube in said wall; uniting said reinforcement to said wall, by

molten metal introduced between them; reaming the tubular opening through said reinforcement to the proper size for introdudtipn of a screw threading. tool; and forming, in said opening, in said tubular portion of said reinforcement, the desired pipe screw thread.

22(The process of forming a reinforced said wall; applying said reinforcement in registry with the hole in said wall; deforming the metal of said wall and said reinforcement, together, so that said reinforcement is deformed at its central portion to form an outwardly extending tube within a corresponding tube in said wall; uniting said reinforcement to said wall, by molten metal introduced between them' and forming, in said opening, in said tubular portion of said reinforcement, the desired pipe screw thread.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Conshohocken, Pennsyl- Vania, this 27th day of November, 1922.

VICTOR MAUGK.