US1555215A - Method and apparatus for forming glass stemware - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 29, 1925. 5 1,555,215

A. KADOW METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING GLASS STEMWARE 5115a Nov. 1o, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 26 ll 3 27 E6 A. KADOW METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING GLASS STEMWARE Sept. 29, 1925.

3 Sheets-Sheet 5 F119;! Nqv. 10. 1922 1 NI" lltn STATES v I 1,555,215. PATENT OFFICE.

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Qap ucano uean vemiu 10,,1'922. Serial in. 300,051.

- a To all 'whmit timely-comma Be it known that LlAu'cus'r Know, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Toledo,'in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have made an. Invention Appertaining to a Method and Apparatus for Forming Glass Stemware; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as .will enablgpthers skilled in the art to which it appertalns to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompany-ing drawings, and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which. form. apart of. this specification.-

This invention relates to the manufacture of glass articles, and particularly manufacture of articles of this class it has unite the two, or if the articles are formed or moldedfro'm a single gather of. glass by either pressingor blowing the gather, such forming of the stem. foot and bowl portions of the article has, taken place in a difierent mold or molds from that in whichthe orig.- inal blank is gathered.

Ali-object ofhe invention to'simplify the manufacture of glassware'of this character by forming the foot andstem portions thereof complete in the. gathering mold or head andsubsequently developing the blank portion at the'outel. endof the stem form the bowl of the article.

The invention is fully described in the 01- lowing specification, and while, in 1 its broader aspect, it is capable of embodiment in .numerous forms, a preferred embodiment thereof is illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, in which,--

Figure '1 is a fragmentary vertical section of'a machine embodying the invention showing a gathering unit and an associated blank receiving and'blowingunit in the act of receiving 'a' blank from the gathering unit, with the body mold open and with parts broken away. Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the forward end portion of the gathering unit with the body molds in open position. Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the neck molds of the gathering unit with a portion of the associated operating means. Fig. 4 is a front end elevation of one of the gathering horns of the gathering mechanism gathering to that. class of articles known as Stemware. In the.

with the associated neck mold sections in closed position and with the blank mold sections removed. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sideelevation of the forwardend portion of the mechanism with parts broken away, with the body molds open and with the blank carrying portion of a blowing unit in the act of receiving a blank from thegathering unit. 'Fig. 6 ,is a plan view of one of the body molds in open position.

Fig. -7. is an enlarged'sectional fragmentary view of the blow pipe of a blowing unit and finishing mold in associated relationl Fig.

is a view similar to Fig. l withthe gather- -1ng mechanism in longitudinal section, the

gathering mold sections open, and with the blow pipe of the blowing unitfragmentaril shown and in the act of taking the blan away from the gathering unit. Fig. 9 is. a sectional view illustrating the initial blowing step in the operation. Fig. 10 is a.

similar .vi illustrating the partially blown. blank beforeinsertin into the finishing mold, and Fig. 11 is a ragmentaryelevation ofthe gathering end of the gathering unit with the associated mold sections in closed relation and containing a gather.

In carrying out the method embed ing this invention, the blank is gathered rom a source of molten glass by means of a suction head, which gives the final shape to the stem or the stem andfoot portion. of the the initial shape to the 'bowl portion thereof. The bowl is then released bythe' body and 'ware,, such for instance, as tumblers, and

neck molds and engaged by a. spindle or. I

blow-pipe, after which a into the bowl portion-of t e b lun er is forced lank to form I a depression at the outer end thereof in the 1 axial line of the blank. Pufis of air are 'then introduced into the blank through the spindle to gradually develop theblank.

The bowl portion ofthe blank is .then placed I in a. finishing mold and blown to its final shape. The article may then be finished in the regular way byannealing, cracking ofl,

grinding and olishin The mechanism prerably employed for practicing the invention is of the general of glass working, machines disclosed yp former U. S. Letters Patent Nos.

1n my 1,223,393,1,248,664 and 1,195,588, with some parts modified or changed to suit the re quirements of the invention. This type of forming machine comprises a rotating structure provided with one or more glass gaththerein .and carrying a roll 15 at its rear ering units which are periodically brought end in position to be engaged by a cam 16 to a point opposite the working opening of on a stationary part 17 of the machine a stationary glassfurnace and are thrust structure when the rotary structure is into such opening to make the successive at a predetermined point in its rotary gathers. When the blanks have been formed movement, or in other words, when the in this way they are delivered to spindles gathering ram has reached a point in its orother mechanisms for further treatment, cycle of movement at which it is desired to said device being preferably carried onthe release the neck molds from engagement same rotative structure which supports the with the blank foot. A spring 18 acts on carrying mechanism so that the manufacthe rod 14 to normally hold it retracted in ture of the article is completed by a series mold closing position. of automatic operations which are carried Each of the body molds 7 comprises two out by diflerent parts of the single machine. sections or halves hinged together on a Referring to the drawings, '1 designates vertical axis 19 (Fig. 6) with the sections the rotary structure of a machine for praccooperating to give the finished shape-to the ticing the invention, which structure is stem 5 of the blank and the initial shape to adapted to support a number of glass gaththe bowl portion 0 thereof. The mold secering units. This structure also carries a tions, when closed, seat closely around a spindle or blow-pipe 2 for each gathering lower edge flange of the neck mold 6. The unit arranged to receive the glass blanks sections of each body mold are connected toafter they have been gathered and partially gether in spaced relation to the pivot 19 by a formed by the gathering unit. pair of toggle links 20, which are pivotally The glass gathering ram 3 of each gatherconnected at their inner ends to a coupling ing unit is mounted for reciprocatory move- 21 that is in turn connected to the lower end ments on an inclined support 4, which is of a vertically disposed lever 22. One of fixed to the rotary structure 1 of the mathese levers is provided for each body mold chine radially thereof. The ram is'shown and is fulcrumed at 23 to the respective ram as providedwith two gathering horns 5, so horn 5. The upper end of the lever is conthat two gathers may be made simultanenected by a link 24 to the forward end of a ously, and each horn is provided with a set push rod 25, which is mounted in a respec' of neck molds 6 and a set of body molds 7. tive bearing 26 for reciprocatory movements which cooperate to form thegathering head longitudinally of the ram. A coiled comor blank receiving'cavity of each ram horn. pression spring 27 is mounted on each rod The ram of each gathering unit'has recip- 25 between the rear side of the bearing 26 rocatory movements imparted thereto when and a shoulder on the rod and acts on the in register with the working opening of the body mold operating mechanism to norassociated furnace to quickly project the mally retain the body molds closed. The ram into the furnace to receive a gather and body molds are intended to remain closed then to retract it into position to deliver the during a movement of the gathering means gather to the associated spindle2. A suitinto the furnace and until the ram has been able mechanism for imparting reciproca-P retracted to near the limit of its-rearward I forming the foot a and adjacent'porti'on oftory movements to the ram is disclosed in stroke'when the rear ends of the push r ds Patent No. 1,223,393. 25 will engage respective spring pressed 7 Each neck mold 6 comprises two halves bufieres 28 carried by the ram guide strucwhich are hinged to ether at 8 and when ture 4 and be moved thereby to effect an closedjseat around a ange 9 (Figs. 5' and 8) opening of the body mold, the open posion the lower edge of the respective horn 5 tion of such molds being-maintained until to l sely embrace the same and cooperate the ram is again moved forward to receive a therewith to form a cavity for receiving and gather.

A cut-off knife 29 is provided for each the stem or neck I) of a blank. The sections gathering head to remove the surplus glass of each k 1110101 6 v r s 1 (Fig. 3) from the inlet end of the body mold after -projecting therefrom in opposite directions the gathers have been made. The mechaand connected by a set of toggle links '11 nism for operating the cut-off knives is the to the adjacent end of a cross-bar 12,'wheresame as that shown and described in my by a rearward pull on the cross-bar will re former Patent 1208.7 91 and need not theretain the neck molds closed and a forward fore be specifically described herein. It movement of the cross-bar will cause an will also be understood that the means for opening of such molds. The cross-bar 12. creating a suction within the gathering is connected at its center through. the meheads to gather the glass therein and the dium of a link 13 to the forward end of an suction release -means maybe the same as operating rod 14 (Fig. 8), which extends that disclosed in said Patent 1,195,588.

rearward through the ram 3, being guided The spindles 2 of each blowing unit are for longitudinal reciprocatory movements provided in pairs to take care of the two gathers of an associated ram 3 and the spindles of each pair are mounted" for vertical turning and swinging movements, to adapt them to receive the respective gathersfrom the ram when the free ends of the spindles are in upright position and then to swing or turn to lowered position preparatory to placing the gathers or blanks held therebyin the finishing molds, all of which operations \are well understood in the art. A blank is clamped to the head or blowing end -.of the spindle by a set of jaws which engage a flange (1 formed around the edge of the blank bowl. When the blank has been engaged by a spindle a plunger 31 in the spindle is operated to form "a central depression in the outer end of the blank body and is then retracted to permit puffs of air to be blown into the depression from the spindle to properly develop the blank. 'During or prior to the development of the blank in this manner, it is swung by the spindle to lowered position and is later placed in a finishing mold 32 (Fig. 7). Prior to the closing of the mold. sections 32 around the blank, which closing-is efiected in any suitable or well known manner, as is common in machines of this class, the foot a of the blank rests on a support 33 andthereby supports the weight of the blank and prevents a lengthening thereof dueto gravity.

When the blank bowl has been brought into the desired shape within the finishing mold 32, the blank is removed from the spindle and finishing mold and is then imished in the regular way by annealing cracking ofl', grinding and glazing substantially along the line e-e in Fig. 7.

The operation of my method is as follows: A blank having been gathered within the molds 6 and 7 in the'usual or any suit able manner, the body molds 7 are first opened to permit the transfer of the blank tothe blowing spindle,*as indicated in Figs. 1 and 5, which spindle may be handled mecha'nically or. by hand. Before the jaws of the spindle are clam ed to the blank the neck mold 6 is opene slightly to allow the blank to hang loosely by the foot, thereby permitting the blank to accommodat'itself to the position of the spindle. 'When the blank leaves the gathering molds the foot and stem portions a, b thereof'are in finished form and the bowl 0 is in blank form to be finished by the subsequent operations. The next steps in" the development of the blank bowl may be accomplishedinthe up vertical position, the horizontal position or the down vertical position of the article .de-

pending on the size, weight and shape of the blank. Fig. 8 shows the-blank as leaving the gathering head and the plunger 31 of the spindle has moved into the blank to leave'a depression in the glass exactly on its. axis when withdrawn. The

. next step in the development, illustrated by Fig. 9, is the introduction of a measured,

quantity of air under a predetermined pressure through the spindle and into the depression in the lass to expand the soft bowl portion of the blank. The number of these puffs and the pressure used is determined by the size and shape of the article and temperature of the glass. Before the final blowing of the article the spindle'is brou ht to the" down vertical position shown in Fig. 10. where the blank is blown out enough to allow the foot to settle upon the bottom plate 33 ofthe finishing mold 32. The finishing mold is then closed around the blank and the final blowing of the article is performed as shown in Fig. 7 after which. the article is removed from the finishing mold and spindle and the outer end portion of the bowl broken oil and the bowl edge finished in the regular or any suitable manner.

It is evident with my process that the stem foot and bowl of an article of the stem ware type is formed from a single g ther, the foot and stem being formed completely by the gathering mold while the bowl of the article is finished by subsequent trated and'described may be varied mate rially without departing from the scope of the claims. i

\ Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure: by Letters Patent, 15,, i

1. The process WhlCh consists in suckin glass into a mold, allowing one end of sai glass to set in the shape given itby the suctionmold, and blowing into the other end of said glass to expand it beforeit is set.

2. The rocess of forming stemmed glassware, which consists in forming a stem by sucking glass into a mold, and then forming the bowl by blowing glass integral with the stem. 3

; 3. The rocess of making stemmed glassware, Whlch. consists in sucking glass into a mold and thereby forming iifblank having the stem in final shape and. bowl in unex panded form, and thereafter expanding the bowl portion; y

4. The process of forming stemmed glasss ware, which consists in forming a. stem in final .shape, with a bowl blank integrally attached, by sucking glass into amold, and

then blowing the bowl blank to final form.

5. The process of forming stemmed glassware, which consists in forming a solid blank having the stem in final shape with the bowl blank integrally .attached, then supporting the blank entirely from the end opposite the stem while forming the solid bowl blank intoa parison, and finally blowing the parison.

6. The process of forming stemmed glass ware, which consists in gathering glass directly from a molten mass into forming means and thereby forming a stem in final shape with a bowl blank attached, and thereafter giving the bowl blank final shape.

7. The method of forming stemmed glassware, which consists in forming a stem in final shape with a bowl blank integrally attached by gathering, a definite quantity of glass directly from a molten mass into blank forming means, shearing the gather from the mass, and then blowing the bowl blank by means engaging the sheared por-,

tion of the gather.

8. The process of forming glass articles, which consists in gathering glass from a molten mass, givin one end of the gather final form while t e other end is still attached to the mass, shearing the gather from the mass, engaging the sheared end of the gather with blowing means, and then completing the shaping.

9. The process of'forming stemmed glassware, which consists in gathering glass from a molten mass, giving one end of the gather the final form of a stem while the other end is still attached to the mass, shearing the lgathler from the mass, and then shaping the 10. The process which consists in sucking a gather from a mass of molten glass, giving the ortion first sucked up final form bysucking it into forming means, severing the gather from the mass, removing-the gather from the forming means, I engaging the severed endof the gather with blowing means, then forming a blow opening, and finally blowing.

11. The method of forming glass articles, which consists in forming a blank by gathering a definite quantity of glass directly from a molten mass into blank forming means, shearing from the mass the glass thus gathered, delivering the blank bodily from the forming means soas to have the sheared end in engagement with a blowing means, and then expanding a portion of the blank adjacent the blow pipe while leaving the opposite end inthe form given it by said forming means.

12. The rocess of forming glass articles, which consists in gathering a definite quan tity of glass directly from a molten mass into forming means, shearing the formed end of the gather with blowing means, and I them by said means.

13. The method of forming blown stemware which consists in gathering a predetermined quantity of molten glass in a mold by which the stem and foot portions of the article are formed'complete and the bowl portion thereof blanked out, then releasing the bowl forming portion of the mold from the blank, forming a depression in the outer end of the-blank bowl, engaging a blowpipe to the outer end of the bowl blank, releasing the stem and foot portions of the article from the gathering mold and-blowing the bowl portion of the article to'predeter-v mined shape, the bowl being encased within a finishing mold during the final blowing operation, and then trimming and finishing the outer end portion of: the bowl...

14. In an apparatus of the class described, a gathering ram, sectional neck molds. and sectional body molds carried by the ram and cooperating therewith to respectively form the stem portion of an article complete and to blank out the bowl portion thereof, and separate means operable to independently open and close the neck mold sections and the body mold sections.

mold being operableito blank out the bowl portion 'ofthe article, and means independently operable at predetermined points in movements of the rain to open and close the neck mold sections andthe body mold sections.

15. In an apparatus of the class described,

16. In an apparatus of the class described,

to shape the bowl portion of the article after 1 being released by the neck and body molds.

17. In an apparatus of the class described. 1

a gathering ram, a sectional neck mold and a sectional body mold carried by the ram and cooperating therewith to respectively form the stem portion of an article complete and blank out the bowl portion thereof, separate means operable -to independently open and close the neck mold sections and the body mold sections, and means operable to take the article from the neck and body mold and pneumatically act on the bowl portion of the article to shape the same.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, a reciprocally movable ram, blank gathering means carried by the ram and comprising a sectional neck mold and a sectional body mold with the sections thereof hingedly carried by the ram for opening and closing movements, the neck and body molds cooperating to form the foot and stem portions of an article complete and the bodymold being operable to blank out the bowl portion of the article, means independently operable at predetermined points in movements of the ram to open and close the neck mold sections and the body mold sections, and

meansoperable 'to shape thebowl portion of the article after being released by ethe neck and body mold.

19. In an apparatus of the class described, a reciprocally movable ram, blank gathering means carried by the ram and comprising a sectional neck mold and a sectional body mold with the sections thereof hingedly carfied by the ram for opening and closing movements, the neck and body molds cooperating to form the foot and stem portions of an article complete and the body mold being operable to blank out the bowl portion of the article, means independently operable at predetermined points in movements of the ram to open and close the neck mold the same.

20. In an apparatus for forming blown glass stemware, means for gathering a quantity of molten glass and shaping a portion of the same to form the stem of the article complete and another portion to form the bowl blank of the article, means for taking" the article from the gathering means and blowing the bowl portion thereof into predetermined'shape, a f nishing mold receiving the bowl blank during the final blowing operations, and means forming a support on which the base of'the stem portion of the article rests during a predetermined portion of the blowing operation.

21. In an apparatus for forming blown glass stemware, means for gathering a quantity cf molten glass and shaping the same to form the foot and stem portions of an article complete and blankina out the bowl portion thereof, means for taking the article from the gathering means and blowing the bowl portion thereof to predetermined shape, and means subjacent to the article and on which its footrests during a presigned my name to this specification.

AUGUST KADOW.

bowl blowing

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