US1554108A

US1554108A - Metal beam

Info

Publication number: US1554108A
Application number: US713052A
Authority: US
Inventors: James S Lochhead
Original assignee: Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp
Current assignee: Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp
Priority date: 1923-03-03
Filing date: 1924-05-13
Publication date: 1925-09-15
Anticipated expiration: 1942-09-15

Description

Sept. 15, 1925. 1,5548

- J. s. LOCHHEAD METAL BEAM Original Filed March 3, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 15, 1925. ,554,l08

J. S. LOCHH'EAD METAL BEAM Original Filed March 3. 19225 2 Sheets-5heet 2 gnou/nto@ Jamef 5. b/v/vaci Patentedy Sept. 15,` 1925-.

TENT o FEicE- JAMES S. LOCHHEAD, OF PITTSBURGH,

PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIG-N'OR T0 JONES a IAUGHLIN STEEL CORPORATION, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A` COR- PORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

METAL BEAM.

. Original application filed March 3, 1923, Serial No. 622,535. Divided and this application led lt-Iay 13, 1924. serial No. 713,052.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I,VJAMEs S. LOCHHEAD, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Pittsburgh, county of Allegheny, State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in Metal Beams, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing l@ like parts.

Q l'llhis invention relates to metal beams suitabler among other uses for replacing Wooden joists and rafters in the construction of residences and buildings `where light loads prevail. L

This invention aims to provide a light weight I-section rolled metal beams of much greater strength and stiffness than any solid web I-beams of the same weight heretofore made.

Further aims and advantages of the' in-A vention appearfhereinafter in connectionwith the illustrative embodiments thereof shown in the accompanying drawings, Q5 wherein l Figs. l to 5, inclusive, illustrate metal joists embodying my'invention.

In the drawings the relative dimensions are shown or expressed in percentages of the depth for convenience in making comarisons, the dimensions shown being actual dimensions of preferred shapes.

In the particular embodiments of my 1nvention selected for illustration herein the I-beam shown in each ligure comprises a web having a thickness (t) not greater than one-tenth of an inch plus one-tenth of the beam` depth (al) divided by twelve. This relationship may be expressed. as 'followsz Preferably the fiange breadth is about six-A teen to twenty times the web thickness of beams within the .range of sizes shown in the drawlngs, the ratiobeing preferably less in the smaller sizes.

For example, in Fig. 1, the I-beam has a depth of nine inches, the thickness of the web 5 is .125 inches, which equals 1.4% of the depth,-and the width 2.335, which is 25.9% of the depth.

In Fig. 2, the I-beam has a vdepth of twelve inches, the'thickness ofthe web 7 is .147, whlch equals 1.20% of the depth, and the width of the flanges 8 4is 3.083, which is 25.7% of the depth. v In Fig. 3, the I-beamv has a depth of. six inches, the thickness ofthe web 9 is .120, which equals 2% of the de of the flanges 6 is pth, and the width of the ange 10 is 1.756, which is 29.2% i

of the depth.

l In Fig. 4, the I-beam has a depth of five inches, the thickness of the web 11 is .113, which equals 2.26% of the depth, and the width of the `flanges 12 is 1.965, which is 39.3% of the depth. f

In Fig. 5, the I-beam has a depth' of four inches, the thickness of the web 13 is .106, which'equals 2.65% of the depth, and the Width of the flanges 14 is 1.952, which is 48.8% of the depth.

These relative' dimensions of the web.

thickness and flange breadthof beams embodying my invention are fifty to sixty per i cent less than the corresponding dimensions A of standard `I`beams of the same depths of even the lightest sections rolled; accordingly the weight of my improved beams is correspondingly lessthan that of standard sections of the same depth, and more nearly approximates the weight of wooden joists two inches thick and ofthe same or'slightly greater depths, for which joists beams of my invention may advantageously be substituted.

As is well known, the deflection of a beam under a given safe load varies 'inversely with the moment of inertia, and the safe load varies directly with' the modulus of rupture; hence it is desirable to shape' the beam so as to givev values for the moment of inertia and mpdulus ofrupture as large as possible consistent with the practicable limitations of manufacture by rolling processes,

Theproportions of the several beams shown in the drawings'as illustrative of myy beams embodying my invention not only are ness and Width of the flanges.

far superior for firepr-oof construction but lthey are slightly stronger forl the same,`

Weight, and have the further advantage of being shallower for the same strength and stidness, for all span .lengths usual for floors in buildings as commonly designed; and the built up sheet metal beams are inferior to mine in transverse strength and stiffness andare also much more expensive to manufacture. y

Beams illustrating my invention possess the advantages of great stiffness combined With light Weight, making them suitable for longer spans than'either standard I-be'ams or channels of the same Weight per foot, and thereby enabling a lighter and stronger floor to be constructed-than has heretoforebeen possible with rolled beams.

Prior attempts to produce light Weight flanged beams have been directed toward a reduction in the thickness of the web without a corresponding reduction in thethick- The beams thus produced lhave a tendency to buckle .in the web and attendant difficulties' due to the relatively greater preponderance of metal in the flanges of such beams than in the standard beams. My vinvention avoids these difficulties by maintaining approxi-l' mately the relative proportions between web thickness and flange area found satisfactory for standard beams of similar sizes.

Myimproved beams lnay be made from suitably shaped blanks loy adapting known methods and devices for metal rolling.

' Oiher methods that may be used advantageously are disclosed in co-pending applications for Letters Patent .of ythe United 1. A rolled solid web I-beam havingadepth .not over 12" and not under 4, and

a Web thickness not over one-tenth of aninch plus one one-hundred-and-twentieth of the depth, and a flange Width-proportional to the `web thickness, said'proportion varying with the depth. -2.A rolled solid web I-beam having a depth not over 12" and not under 4, and a web thickness not over one-tenth of an .inch plus one one-hundred-and-twentieth of the depth.

3. A rolled solid web I-beam having a Y dep/th not over 12 and not under 10,"a

thickness of VWeb not greater than 1.8% of the depth an a flange Width not greater than 39.6%0 the depth.

4. A rolled` solid Vweb I-beam having a depthnot over 10 'and not under 8, a

thickness of web not greater than 2% of4 the depth anda flange Width not greater than 44% of the depth. I

5.*A rolledl solid web -I-beam having a depth not over 8 and not under 6, a thickness of web not greater than 2.2% of the depth, and a. flange width not' greater than 48.4% of the depth. v

6. A rolled solid Web I-beam having a de th not over 6 and not under 4, a thickness of web not greater than 2.8% of thel depth, and a flange Width not greater than 56.4% of the depth.

7. A rolled solid I-section beam having a relatively deep, thin Web, the depth being not `over 12 and not under 4 and the thickness'of web Vbeing not greater than 1.8% to 2.8% of the depth and having a relatively wide and thin flange, the width whereof is not greater than 39.6% to 56.4% of the depth of said web, substantially as described.

8. A rolled solidweb I-beam having an approximate depth of 12, an approximate thickness of web of .147, and an 'approximate flange Width of 3.083, respectively.

9. A rolled solid Web I-beam having an approxinxate depth of 9, an approximate thickness of web of .125,` and an approximate flange width of 2.335, respectively. 10. A rolled solid web I-beam having an approximate'depth ot, an apprximate thickness of vweb of .120, and an approxlmate flange width of 1.756 res )ectivel 11. A rolled solid web I-beam having an approximate depth of 4, and an approximate thickness ofweb of 4.106, and an approximate flange Width of 1.952.

12. A rolled solid web I-beam having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being not over 12" and not under 4 and the thickness of the web and Width of the flanges being proportional to the depth and approximately 1.2% to4 2.65% and 25.7%

to 48.8% thereof, respectively` substantially ness of the web and Width of the flanges' bein proportional to the depth and approximately 1.20% to 25.7% thereof, re-

spectively, for a depthof 12", substantially,

as described.

15. A rolled solid web I-beam having a relatively deep, thin Web, the' depth being not under 8 and not over 10 and the thickness of the Web and Width of the langes being proportional to the depth and approximately 1.4% and 25.9% thereof, respectively, for a depth of 9, substantially as described.

16. A rolled solid web I-beam. havin a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being under 8 and not under 6, and thethickness of the web and Width` of the flanges being pro ortional to the depth and approximate y 2% and 29.2% thereof, respectively, for a depth of 6l, substantially as described. l

17. A rolled solid web I-beam having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being under 6 and the thickness of web and Width of flanges being-proportional to the depth and approximately 2.65% and 48.4%v

thereof, respectively, for a depth of 4,

substantially as describe l 18. A rolled solid web I-beamhaving a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being not under 4 and not over 12" and the,

thickness of the web and Width of the ianges being proportional to the depth and approximately 1.2% and 25.7% thereof, respectivel for a depth of 12, substantially as descri ed.

19. A rolled solid web I-beam having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being over 10 and not over 12, and thethickness of the web being proportional to the depth and approximately 1.20% thereof for a` depth of 20. A rolled solid Web I-beam'having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being not under 8 and not over 10 and the thickness of the web being proportional to the depth and approximately 1.4% rthereof for a depth of 9, substantially as described.

21. A rolled solid web I- Ibeam having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being under 8" and not under 6, and the thickness of the vWeb being proportional to the depth and approximately-2% thereof for a depth of 6, substantially as described.

22. A rolled solid web I-.beam having a of'the depth of saidl 12, substantially .as described.

relatively deep, thin web, the-depth b'eing under 6", and the thickness of Web being proportional tov the depth and approximately 2.65% thereof, for a'depth of 4, substantially as described.

23. A rolled solid Web I-beam having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being not over 12 andnot under 4J', and the thickness of the Web being not greater than 1.8% to of the depth, substantially as described.

24. A rolledsolid web I-beam having a relatively deep, thin web. the. depth being over 10 and not over 12,` and the thickness of the Web being not greater than v1.8% of the/depth. v

25. A` rolled `solid Web I-beam having a depth not over 10- and not under 8, and a thickness of web not greater than 2% of the depth.

26. A rolled solid Web I-beam having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth being under 8 and not under 6, and the thickness of the-Web being not greater than 2.2% of the depth. 27. A rolled solid Web I-beamhaving a relatively deep, thi-n Web, the, depth being under v6. Yand the thickness of web being not greater than 31/3% of the depth.

28. A rolled solid web I-beam of a transverse -strength and weight per foot suitable for-` replacing Wooden joists for floor con' struction and having its web thickness not greater than the ,stated proportion of its depth. A 5,]

\ 29. A rolled solid Web I-beam of a transverse strength and Weight per foot suitable for replacing Wooden jois'ts for floor construction and having its flange- Width not greater than 2" plus one-sixth of its depth.

30. A rolled solid I-section beam having a relatively deep, thin web, the depth ofthe beam-being under 12 and the thickness of the web being Withinl about 1.2% to' 313% of the depth, and having a relatively thin flange, the Width Awhereof is approximately sixteen to twenty times the'thickness of said web, substantially as described. L

31. A metal beam characterized bythe fact that it is formed by` rolling, with a thifn, deep Web and flanges all integral and cohtinuous'throughout, said beaml having Web and flanges thinner than customary for v beams of the same depth and having a 32. A Ifnetal` beam 'characterized by the fact that it is formed by rolling,'with a lWeb l and flanges all integral and continuous throughout, the Web-'thickness of said beam being not over one-tenth of aninch plus one one-hundredand-twentieth of its depth, and the transverse strength of said beam being in excess of that of a commercial wooden rafter or )01st having approximately the same weight per foot.

33. A metal beam characterized by the 'fact that it is formed by rolling with a thinner than customary Web and a proportionally narrower flange Width and having its depth, flange Width and weight approximating those of a commercial iyooden rafter or joist. and its transverse strength in excess of saidrafter or joist, said beam being approxin'iately as strong inproportion to its Weight as standard rolled metal beams of the same depth.

34. A metal beam c-haraeterizedby the fact that its web s rolled continuous andV integral With its flanges and n'ieasurably heretofore been customary, said beam having less than vhalf the Weight of existing rolled integralsolid web beams of the same depth and over -twiee vthe transverse- .Strength of existing rolled integral solid web beams of the same weight.

-proportion to its weighta's existing rolled solid web beamsf similar depth.'

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this speoilieation.

JAMES s. LooHHnAD.-