US1543677A - Condenser - Google Patents

Description

June 30, `1925.

H. c. MALLORY CONDENSER Filed March 2 9, 192,3

o o o ooooo o o oooo oooo o o go o O Patented June 3o, 1925.

- UNITED STATES 1,543,617 PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY C. MALLORY, OF NEW YORK,\N. Y.; SUE R. MALLORY ADMINISTBATBIX OF SAID HARRY C. MALLORY, DECEASED.

CONDENSER.

Application led March 29, 1923. Serial No. 628,613.

To alljwhom it may cof/wem:

Be it known that I, HARRY C. ,MALLoRrg citizen ofthe United States, and resident of New York city, in the county of New York .5| and'State of New York, have invented cer'- tain new and useful Improvements in Conin that type of engine cooling systemespecially adapted for use in automobile and analogous internal combustion engines, 1n

. which practically all, or at least the major portion, of the heat abstracted from the engine, is normally utilized in vaporizing the cooling liquid, and is .dissipated in a condenser wherein the vapor is condensed, the system comprising provisions for admitting air to and withdrawing it from the cooling.

system, as required to maintain a vapor pressure 1n the system whlch 1s approximately constant and less than that in the at-v mosphere, so that an approximately constant and suitabl low boiling temperature in the engine coo ing space is maintained.

The general object of my present invention is to provide an improved condenser for the use specified, and in particular to provide a condenser construction facilitating the withdrawal of air from the condenser with a minimum admixture of water therewith, even though the condenser receive ap'- preciable quantities 0f water in ,liquid form' as well as water vapor from the engme cooling space or spaces.

The varlous features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with articularity in the claims anneged to and orming-a part of this-specification. For a better understanding of my invention,vhowever, its advantages and specific objects attained with its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described preferred embodiments of my invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation with parts broken away and in section, of an engine cooling system including one form of my improved condenser; l

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fi 3 is a partial section on the line 3-3 of Flg. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 2 illustrating a modified construction.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, I have illustrated the use of apreferred form of my improved condenser in an engine cooling system coniprising a cooling liquid jacket A for the cylinders A5 of an ordinary internal combustion automobile engine. An inlet A is provided at the bottom of the jacket cooling space for the cooling liquid which will ordi-l narily be water, or a water and alcohol mixture, and A2 'represents the outlet for vapor which alsol serves as an overflow outlet for the cooling fluid. The outlet A2 is connectedby a conduit C, which may in-` clude the usual flexible coupling C', to the .steam inlet space B of the condenser B.

From vthe bottom space B2, or hotwell, :of the condenser B, a conduit D runs `to the inlet of the circulating pump E. The latter has its outlet connected by a pipe D' to the jacket inlet A. The pump E is driven from the main engine shaft through the conventionally illustrated speed reducing gear F, which also drives the ordinary condenser` cooling fan G. To prevent drainage of the jacket when the pump E is not running the pipe D is in the form of a goose neck with the top of the oose neck adjacent the top ofthe jacket and isv connected to the condenser by a pressure equalizing pipe connection D2 to avoid siphonage.

The condenser B,y in the preferred construction illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, comprises a condensing core which may be formed out of horizontal tubes b having their ends expanded and soldered together to close the ends of the intertube space, as in well known types of radiators used in automobile engine cooling systems of the water `circulation type. The core does not entirely ll the casing of the condenser, but, on the contrary, is spaced away from the top of the latter to provide the condenser inlet space B', and is spaced away from the bottom of the casing to provide the water of condensation receiving spacev or hotwell B2, and is spaced away from the sides of the condenser to provide water and steam distrbuting channels B3 running from the ends of the inlet space B down to ther hotwell B2.

The upper portion of the condensing coreV lower end o dralnage channel for water ofcondensatlon .a suitable exhausting means.

`portions which extend downward through the upper portion of the air collecting chamber B4 to a point above, but adjacent the that chamber, and form a from the air cooling chamber. A large por- -tion of the latter 1s traversed by the cooling tubes b. Air passes from the bottom of the air collectingchamber B4 into the air cooling chamber B5 through a pipe or pipes H centrally disposed between the lower portions of the partitions b2 and shown as supported at their upper ends by arms H soldered or otherwise connected to the pipes H and to the partitions b2. The lower ends of' the pipes H extend through the bottom wall of a trougl1-like member I which provides a water seal preventing the passage of vapor and air from lthe chamber B4 into the cooling chamber Bls except through the pipes H. It will be understood that the end walls of the condenser. casing, where those walls are not formed by the expanded and soldered together ends of the tubes b, will ordinarily be formed by suitably shaped pieces of sheet metal.

A pipe I connects the air cooling chamber B5 at a point adjacent-its u per end to his may be a special air pump but in the arrangement illustrated the desired air exhausting effect is obtained by connecting the condenser ain outlet pipe I to the suction intake manifold of the engine. Thev pipe I. may well include an air valve J, 1. e. a' valve which opens to permit the passage of air, but closes automatically to restrict the passage of steam. The vacuum or minus pressure in the cooling system is regulated by a valve which opens automatically to admit atmospheric air to the system as required to prevent the vacuum or minus pressure in the system from exceeding a predetermined value. Since in the normal operation of the system the pressure in the system fixes the boiling temperature in the jacket A, the admission of air may be controlled by a thermostatic valve responsive to the jacket temperatureor it may be an ordinary vacuum relief valve K as shown, which opens and closes as the difference between the pressure of the atmosphere and the condenser rises above and predetermined value.

Advantageously I employ baffles b3 at iminishes to a ressure in the the bottom of the condensing core to normally maintain a water seal between the lower ends of the channelsB3 and the water of condensation outlet connection D. Advantageously also I provide inclined baffles or rain plates L in the condensing core which divides the latter into sections, and each of which serves to carry water of condensation formed in the core section'abovc it to the adjacent side channel B3, thereby avoiding the reduction in efficiency of the core section beneath the rain plate which would otherwise result from the films of water of condensation flowing downward from the condensing core section above the rain plate. M is a safety valve provided to limit the maximum pressure possible in the systemA In the contemplated mode of operation of the apparatus shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, the cooling liquid passed by the pump E into the jacket A, and not evaporated in the latter, passes with the vapor generated in the jacket throu h the conduit C into the inlet chamber Bo the condenser B. From the condenser inlet chamber B, the liquid and vapor pass into the channels B3, the li uid passing through the channels to the iotwell B2, while the vapor passes from the channels into the adjacent edges of the condensing core in which substantially all of the vapor is condensed. Any air entering the condenser from theengine jacket or admitted to the condenser through the vacuum relief valve K tends to collect in the air collecting chamber B, -from which it is drawn into the air cooling chamber B5 through the4 ipes H. The air drawn into the air cool-` ing chamber through the pi es H is admixed with more or less vapor ut this vapoi` is to a substantial extent eliminated by con-l densation in theair cooling chamber, the core tubes b of which provide, in properly designed apparatus, for an ample air cooling and va or condensing effect. The elimination o vapor by condensation in the air cooling chamber lreduces the wastage from the system to an insignificant amount, and reduces the air exhausting effect required, which may be of special importance in case a se arate air exhausting pump is' employed. he water of forming in the air cooling chamber drains from the latter to the condenser hotwell through the channel formed between the lower portions of the bafiies b2. The effect of the rain plates L is to reduce the amount of liquid at any one time in the intertube space of the condenser, and consequently to augment the effective condensing capacity of the latter. I

With the described arrangement the coolest portion of the condensing core will normally be at the margin .of the air collecting chamber B4 so that the vapor is progressivecondensation maaar? ly condensed, and the air is progressively cooled as it moves through the condensing core toward the chamber B4. Since Water of condensation formed in the air cooling chamber B5 escapes therefrom through a channel separate from those through which air enters the air cooling chamber, the in- Howin-g air does not entrain and carry with it any of said Water of condensation. The fact that the air passes vertically upward for an appreciable distance in traveling to the air cooling chamber B5 from the collecting chamber gives entra-ined liquid an opportunity to settle.

lt will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes may be made in the form of the ap aratus disclosed without departing from t e spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims. Some of the modifications which may. thus be made, are illustrated in Fig. 4, in which the separate air pipes H are omitted, and the channel formed by the lower portions of the partitions b2, is open at its lower end to the air chamber B4, and this channel serves both as an uptake passage for air passing-to the air cooler, and as a drain for water of condensation forming in the air channel. Fig. 4 illustrates, moreover, a different arrangement of rain plates L, each of which, in this' construction, passes water of condensation from the condensing core section above it to the central air chamber B4. In Fig. 4, the rain plates are more numerous than in the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 or 3, but with either form illustrated, thenumber of rain plates is not essential, and may be increased or decreased in number, and indeed these plates may be entirely dispensed with Without affecting t-he general Inode of operation of the apparatus. The operation of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4 is essentially the same as that of the apparatus illustrated in Figs. l, 2, and 3.

'Some features of the invention claimed herein may obviously be used with advantage in some cases without a corresponding use of other novel features disclosed and those skilled in the art will understand that many changes may be made in the form of the apparatus without departing from the spirit oit' the invention-as set Jforth in the ap ended claims.

aving now described my invention, what said channels .are connected, an inlet chamber at the top of the condenser to which the upper ends of said channels open, a central air connecting chamber, and an air cooling chamber'above the last mentioned chamber and communicating therewith, and means for withdrawing air from the air cooling chamber.

2. A condenser comprising a casing, and a condensing core and partitions therein, dividing the interior of the condenserv into vertically extending Water and steam distribution channels at the sides of the core, a hotwell or outlet chamber at the bottom of the condenser t0 which the lower ends of said channels are connected, an inlet chamber at the top of the condenser to which the upper ends of said channels open, a central air collecting chamber, and an air cooling chamber above the last mentioned chamber, a connection passing air from said collecting chamber to said cooling chamber, a water sealed outlet passing liquid of condensation from the cooling chamber' to the hotwell, and means forv withdrawing air from the air cooling chamber.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State .of New York, this 27th day of March, A. D. 1923.

HARRY C. MALLORY.

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