US154300A - Improvement in methods of making paper barrels - Google Patents

Description

\ Y l. L. THUMS Y Method of Making Paper-Barrels. No.154,300.. PatentedAug.18,1s74.

' THE RPHICCO. FFOTOUTHS S1 4l PARK FLACEJLY.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JUDSON L. THOMSON, OF BELOIT, WISCONSIN.

IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS oF MAKlNG PAPER BARRELS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 154,300, dated August V18, 1874 application filed May 8, 1874.

To all whom it may concern: i

Be it known that I, JUnsoN L. TnoMsoN, of Beloit, in the county of Rock and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper Flour-Barrels; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofY the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a barrel constructed in accordance with my invention and without heads and hoops. Fig. 2 is la view of the barrel on the expanding cylinder. Fig. 3 is a side elevationof the rollers for hardening, compressing, and finishing the interior and exterior surfaces of the barrel? Fig. 4t is a transverse section of the rollers,.

` showing the application of the barrel thereto,

for hardening, compressing, and finishing its interior -and exterior surfaces. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the finished barrel hooped and headed. Figs. 6 and -7 are detail views, to be hereinafter referred to.

Similar letters of reference denote corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings.

Myinvention has for `.its object to improve that class of flour-barrels which are composed of paper, for the purpose of cheapening the cost of manufacture, in time, labor, and material, and for producing a stronger, more compact, and better barrel. To this end the invention consists in the method of brminga seamless iiour-barrel by first winding aweb of soft paper-pulp, from the cylinder of awetpaper machine directly upon an expanding cylinder until the requisite thickness for the barrel-has been reached, then contracting and withdrawing the cylinder while the barrel is still wet, so that both the interior and exterior surfaces of thelatter shall be exposed to the action of the air or other drying medium at the same time to prevent the layers of the web from cracking and Y peeling olf; and, lastly, in hardening, compacting, smoothing, and -nishing its interior, and exterior surfaces between rollers of lessV diameter than the barrel.' 1

I am aware that sheets of papier-mache have been made by winding the wet pulp around a cylinder to the requisite thickness, and then cutting it longitudinally, so that it can be removed from the cylinder and spread out into a flat sheet. This, however, does not and cannot form a seamless barrel since the paper must be cut or severed longitudinally before it can be removed from the formingcylinder, and this, of course, destroys at once the cylindrical form. Iam also aware that in the formation of roving-cams for use in the manufacture of yarns it has been suggested that the fresh sheet of paper just from the paper-machine may be wound directly onto a cylindrical former and adhere and felt together so as to be united. I do not regard this as coming within the scope of my invention, because the fresh sheet, of paper is not the soft web of pulp from the cylinder of a Wet machine. It is the long sheet of paper compressed between rollers after leaving the cylinder of the machine, but not thoroughly dried, and is apparently taken in this condition just as it leaves the paper-machine and wound upon a cylindrical former. Its dampness will cause the plies to unite sufciently for forming roving-cans', as but little strength is required for these articles. It could not be used for flour-barrels, however', because the layers or plies will not unite to form a hard, compact, and homogeneous mass, but will crack and peel oil' lif subjected to rough usage. The roving-canscontain very light cotton or woolen vrovings to be spun into yarns, and a slight,

thin receptacle Vonly is required to protect it,

`Whereas a lourbarrel is filled by pressure and the filled barrel weighs two hundred pounds. It must, therefore, be made strong enough to sustain the force applied in packing thegiiour, as well as the rough handling to which it is afterward subj ectedduring transportation.

^ In the suggestion referred to no .special construction of the cylindrical former is described, nor are any means mentioned for removing the cans therefrom when completed. The presumption, therefore, is that the ordinary. solid cylinder is employed, and thatv the -cans are dried upon the cylinder before'removal, because they could not be removed from a solid cylinderwhile Wet without, severingthem in a longitudinal direction, as hereinbefore described. Neither is it necessary that the roving cans shall be strengthened and compacted, because they hold but a few pounds of roving, and are not exposed to the action of the weather, but are attached to the frame of a spinning-machine and constantly kept in the factory; nor are the roving-cans smoothed and hardened for the same reason. They are not made on an expanding cylinder; they are not removed from the cylinder in a wet condition; they are not compacted, hard'- ened, strengthened, and smoothed between rollers, and cannot, therefore, form liourbarrels.

In carrying out my invention, I take the soft web ofpulp directly from the coucher or cylinder of a wet-paper machine and conduct it around an expanding cylinder until it forms a cylinder of the requisitethickness for a flour barrel. 'I'he web is then torn oif, and the expanding cylinder, with the barrel on it, removed, and another put in its place to receive `the web of pulp for forming a second barrel, and so on indefinitely. While the barrel is still wet the forming-cylinder is contracted and withdrawnf'rom it, and the barrelset away to-be dried by suitable means. It is necessary to the formation of a flour-barrel of this thick strong material, that it shall be dried uniformly, tolprcvent the surfaces from cracking, so as to expose the unsized inner ber to the attacks of moisture after the barrel has been lled. This uniformity in dry-` ing cannot be attained if the barrel is dried upon the forming-cylinder, because one surface dries faster than the other, and by contraction breaks the outer fiber or skin, and allows it to peel off; and if an unyielding or non-contracting cylinder is used the barrel cannot be removed from it until dried. It is therefore necessary to employ the contracting and expanding cylinder, as I propose, in order to remove it from the barrel while the latter is in a wet state, and it must be removed while in this state, to be uniformly dried.

Y The soft web of pulp cannot be calendered upon the forming-cylinder, because the power necessary for this purpose would press the pulp oli' the ends of the cylinder as well as roll it 11p-in a ridge in front of the calender, to be scraped off by the latter. Neither can the pressure of the calender be applied gradually, because it must first be exceedingly light, and lastly very heavy. In order to attain the latter result it must be large and strong, and these requisites preclude the possibility of the very light pressure first re` quired, even if these gradual actions could be reached. The time when the very light pressure should cease, the next heavier begin, and so on to the heaviest, could never be determined, owing to the wide diiference in the consistency and composition of paper-pulps. For these reasons all paper-machines are pro These successive actions are only applicable to a web of pulp passing in a line between the rolls and calenders, and cannot be apphed to the circular body of pulp on the forming-cylinder. The barrel, therefore, cannot be cal` endered on the formingcylinder, and if not calendered it will shrink during the process of drying. For this reason I employ the contracting cylinder, and am thereby enabled to remove the uncalendered barrel in a wet condition, so that it can be dried uniformly, to prevent cracking and peeling. After the barrel has been removed from the expanding cylinder and dried, I harden and compress both its interior and exterior surfaces between the two small rollers E E, which are geared together at one end, as shown in Fig. 3, and operated by a crank, F, or other suitable means. The barrel is slipped upon one of these rollers, and the two are adjusted so as to clampit between them, as. shown in Fig. 4. They are then set in motion, and move the barrel between them, so as to act simultaneously upon both its interior and exte rior surfaces, to compress, harden, smooth, and inish the same. When the-barrel is removed from the rollers it is smooth upon the inside and outside, and its surfaces are rolled down` so` that the bodyof the barrel forms i i i a compact and homogeneous fabric, impervious to moisture, and capable of resisting the rough usage to which a llourbarrel is subjected.

After having been hardened and finished as above described the heads and hoops are applied to complete the barrel for use. The heads are made of any suitable material, let into the ends'of the barrel wholly or partially, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In Fig. 7 it is shown held between the hoops A B, but in Fig. 6 it is formed with a ilange, C, resting upon the edge of the barrel, and is held in place by nails D driven into its edge below the flange and through the ends of the barrel. Exterior hoopsl are also applied as shown in Fig. 5, which represents the completed barrel. i

I do not coniine myself to any special manner of applying the heads, as this may be varied almost indefinitely.

If desired,vthe expanding cylinder may be provided with a blanket of any suitable kind to cover the joints, and admit of its easy removal from the barrel.

The protecting hoops may be composed of paper, wood, or metal, or they may be made by winding a narrow web of soft pulp directly upon the barrel, during the process of forming the latter, or after it has been formed and dried.

'Having thus described my invention, what its interior and exterior surfaces between roll- I claim is f, ers of less diameter than said barrel, substan- The method of forming a `seamless barrel tially as described. from soft paperlpulp by first Winding. the T i `Web upon aneXpaning-cylinder'to the 1ef- J' L THOMbOL' quisite thickness, and then removing and Vdry- Witnesses:

`ing the package so formed, and lastly hard- F. N. DAVIS,l 4ening, compacting7 smoothing7 and. nishing A. C. HUTGHISON.

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