US1537593A - Process for cracking oil - Google Patents

Description

May 12, 1 925.

QUQNQQQ G. EGLOFF PROCESS FOR CRACKING OIL Filed Dec. 9, 1,920

Patented May 12, 1925.

UNITED STATES GUSTAV EGLOFF, OF INDEPENDENCE, UC'I'S COMPANY, OF CHICAGO,

KANSAS, ASSIG-NOR TO UNIVERSAL OIL PROD- ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

PROCESS FOR CRACKING OIL.

Application filed December 9, 1920. Serial No. 428,319.

To all whom it may cmwern:

Be it known that I. GUs'rAv Eonorr, a citizen of the in the city of Independence, county ofAMontgomery, in the State of Kansas, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for Cracking Oil, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in process and apparatus for cracking oil, and'refers more particularly to a process in which pressure, certain of the vapors subjected to reflux condensation and subjected to further, cracking, the object in the present instance being to subject the reflux condensateto different conditions of temperature or pressure or both than that to which the raw oil is subjected. Another object of the invention is to, if desired, subject part of the apparatus to vacuum action.

In the drawings, the single figure designates a view partly in vertical section and partly in side elevation" of my improved apparatus.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a furnace, provided 'with combustion chambers 2 and 3, separated preferably by a foraminated bridge wall inside. In the respective combustion chambers are mounted the heating coils 5 and'6, each of which may take the form of a continuous length of several hundred feet of two to eight-inch pipe. The lower coil 5 is connected by feed line 7 to charging pump 8,"leading to any suitable source of raw oil supply, as for example fuel oil or heavy asphaltic crudes such as California, or Mexican crudes containing in themselves little asolene, or the like. The delivery side of t e coil 5 is connected by transfer ,line 9, having throttle valve 10 and pressure gauge ll. to the endv of an elongated horizontally disposed exansion chamber 12. This expansion chamr may for example be 68 inches in diameter and to feet long. It-is located outside the fire zone and suitably supported above the furnace by means of supports 13. The delivery side of the coil 6 is connected. by auxiliary transfer line 14, having throttle valve 15 and pressure gauge 16 to the main transfer line 9. The expansion chamber 12- is provided with residue draw 01f pipe 17, having throttle valve 18, and with a vapor outlet pipe 19, having throttle valve 20,

United States, and residing the oil is distilled under heat and chamber maybe maintained leading to the lower side of the dephlegmator 21. The dephlegmator 21 is provided with a series of baflle like plates 22, and at its lower side is connected to reflux return line 23, having throttle valve 24, and leading to reflux oil pump 25 interposed in the feed line 26 leading to the inlet side of the heating coil 6. The upper end of the dephlegmator is connected by, vapor line 27, having throttle valve 28, to the top of condenser coil 29, seated in condenser box 30. The lower end of the coil 29 is connected by pipe 31, having throttle valve 32, to the upper part of receiver 33. This receiver 33 has liquid level gauge 34, pressure gauge 35, 'quid draw off pipe 36, controlled by valve 37. It is also provided with two gas outlet pipes 38 and 39, controlled by throttle valves 40 and 41 respectively. The pipe 39 is con nected to a. vacuum pump 42, whereby a vacuum may be maintained on the receiver, condenser, dephlegmator and vapor chamber, or on the receiver alone or receiver and condenser alone, or receiver, condenser and dephlegmator. alone. This is accomplished by suitably reg|1latingthe various valves shown. The dephlegmator is provided with pressure gauge 43 and the vapor chamber with pressure gauge 44.

The process may be carried out as follows:

Fuel oil, as for example fuel oil from the Wayside Kansas field of say 25 degrees Baum, may be heated to a temperature of say 700 degrees F and subjected to a pressure of say 135 pounds in the heating C011 5, and delivered in substantially liquid phase through the insulated transfer-dine 9 to the expansion chamber 12. This expansion under a pressure of say 135 pounds. The reflux condensate may be pumped back by pump 25 to the heating coil 6, and there subjected to a pressure of 175 pounds and a temperature of say 770 degrees F. It is delivered in substantially liquid phase to the vapor chamber 12.

It will be thus seen that the reflux condensate is continuously subjected to recracking, but at dilferent conditlons of temperature of pressure, or both, than that to which the raw oil is subjected. A process may be carried "out in the apparatus n the manner just above described, except that the dephlegmator, condenser and receiver, in

1 heated condensate to said enlar mg zone the charging stock and sate physically stead of being under a pressure of 135 ounds as in the first case, ma be subected to a vacuum through suitab y regulating the vacuum pump, opening the valve 41, closing the valve 40, and regulating the valve 20, valves 28 and 32 being also open. I claim as my invention:

1, A process of oil conversion, consisting in maintainin a body of heated h drocarbons in anen arged zone where su stantial in subjecting the evolved vaporsv to reflux condensation to condense the heavier vapors, in passing the reflux condensate in' an advancing stream through a heating zone where it is subjected-to a cracking temperature,'in delivering the said heated condensate to the enlaaged zone, in simultaneously heating an. in epen dent advancing stream of charging stock to a cracking temperature, in deliverin the .said heated charging stock to said en arged zone, and in mamtainin a superatmospheric pressure on both 0 streams and on the bod'yof hydrocarbons in said enlarged zone.-

2. A process of oil' conversion, consisting in maintainin a body of heated h drocarbons in an en arged zone where an tantialvaporization occurs, in subjecting the vars to reflux condensation to condense the eavier fractions of the vapors, in passing reflux condensate in an advancing stream through a heating zone where it is subjected to a cracking temperature, in delivering the zone, in simultaneously he'at' an independentstream of charging stoc to. a cracking temperature while under a superatmosphe'ric pressure, in introducing said heated chargstock to said enlarged zone in which heated condencommiugle, and in maintainin the stream of reflux condensate while being heated under a super-atmospheric pressure exceeding the pressure maintained on the stream of charging stock.

3. A process 9f oil conversion, cdnsisting in maintaining a body of heated hydrocarbons-in an enlarged zone where substantial vaporization is permitted, in subjecting the vapors to reflux condensation to condense the heavier fractions thereof, in passing thesaid oil independent stream of livery to said ered to said enlarged zone at a temperature lower than the temperature of the stream of reflux condensate, but sufliciently hi h }to t e zone, and

cause a substantial vaporization o charging stock in said enlarged in introducing'said heated c arging stock to said enlarged zone. 4. A process of foil conversion, in maintainin a body of heated h drocarbons in an en arged zone where su ntial vaporization occurs, in subjecting the vapors to reflux condensation to condensethe heavier vapors, in'passing the reflux condensate in an advancing stream through a heating zone where it is subjected to cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, in delivering the heated condensate to said enlarged zone and simultaneously heating an charging oil for-deliveryto said enlarged zone to a temperature'suflicient to cause asubstantial vaporization thereof in said zone, and in introducing said heated charging oil to themlarged zone.

5. A process of oil conversion consisting in maintainin a'body of heated hydrocarbons in an e arged zone where substantial vaporization occurs, in subjecting the vapors to reflux condensation tocondense the consisting heavier vapors, in passing the reflux condensate in an advancing stream through a heating zone where it is subjected to cracking conditions of temperature and p in delivering heated condensate to said enlar zone, and simultaneously heating an in ependent stream of charging oil for deenlarged zone .to a temperature suflicient to cause z ation thereof in said zone, in introducing said heated charging oil to the enlarged zone, and in withdrawing unvaporized oil from said enlarged zone without permitt' the same to again enter, either of said or streams. v

1 GUSTAV EGLOFF.

a substantial vapori--'

Images